• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.534-538
• /
• 1999

For the optimization of operating conditions for plant cell suspension culture in bioreactors, effects of bioreactor types, various kinds of impellers, and aeration rates were examined using Nicotiana tabacum cells as a model system. Stirred tank bioreactor and airlift bioreactor were used for the comparison of bioreactor type. Growth rates in both bioreactors were lower than in shake flasks. In terms of final cell concentration, stirred tank bioreactor supported a little bit better growth compared to airlift bioreactor. Impeller type did not affect cell growth significantly, but it was apparent that cell size index decreased in the case of using hollowed paddle impeller. When the aeration rate was maintained at 0.3 vvm, cell growth was the best. At above 1.0 vvm, growth inhibition as well a browning was noticed. In addition, it was found that cell size index reduced proportionally to the increased of aeration rate.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2000

The topographic correlation between the processes of photoreceptor cells and nerve cells in the pineal organ of catfish, Parasiluns asotus, was studied using 3D electron microscopy. Upon examination, one neuronal cell process was found to pass through the intertwined processes of the photoreceptor cells. Interestingly , we observed two photoreceptor processes interlock, after which two buds from one process penetrated the other. Synaptic ribbons were observed in the cytoplasm of the photoreceptor cella, especially near the neuronal process. Macrophages were occasionally found to be contact with the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells in the pineal lumen.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2007

Replacement of insulin-producing cells represents an almost ideal treatment for patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. Transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans is limited by the lack of donor organs. Therefore, generation of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells represents an attractive alternative. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells and their application to the cell therapy for treating diabetes mellitus.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 1998

Using a cellulose macroporous microcarrier, HeLa cells were cultivated in 100mL spinner flask(Bellco Co., USA) and confluent cell laden microcarriers were subcultured by bead-to-bead cell transfer method. In macroporous mcirocarrier-HeLa system viable suspended cells played an important role in bead-to-bead cell transfer and that could be increased by use of RPMI-1640, a calcium-ion-reduced-media and high speed agitation. Successful bead-to-bead cell transfers were performed continuously three time in spinner flask. We applied this technique to produce recombinant Vaccinia virus which express $\beta$-galactosidase. Recombinant protein yield of bead-to-bead transferred culture was comparable to conventional microcarrier cultures that were inoculated by cells detached from T-flask. Although trypsinization is a useful method for subculturing microcarriers in some cases, that process adds quality control problem and handling steps to large scale cell production. There fore, bead-to-bead cell transfer technique offers another convenient and efficient scale-up method for continuous microcarrier cultures.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.483-489
• /
• 1995

Retinoic acid was found to block membrane fusion of chick embryonic myoblasts in culture. This effed was dosedependent and could he reversed upon removal of the agent from the culture medium. Furthermore, the retinoic acid-mediated inhibition of membrane fusion was observed with the fusion competent cells but not with the cells that had already been committed for fusion, indicating that the effect of RA is differentiation stage-specific. However, retinoic acid showed little or no effect on the ability of the cells to form bipolar shape and to align along their axes. Neither the cell proliferation nor accumulation of muscle specific proteins, such as creatine kinase and tropomyosin, was impaired significantly. On the other hand, retinoic acid blocked the differentiation time~ependent loss of fibronectin, whose process is prerequisite for myoblast fusion. These results suggest that retinoic add acts as a specific inhibitor of membrane fusion by preventing the loss of fibronectin from the differentiating myoblasts.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2010

목적 : 최근 한의학에서 널리 사용되며, 신경계 질환에도 응용되고 있는 봉약침의 농도의존적 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 대표적인 신경 퇴행성 질환인 파킨슨병의 동물모델을 통해 세포보호효과와 세포사멸 및 신경염증 기전을 관찰하였다. 방법 : C57BL/6 mice에 신경독소인 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)를 4번 복강내 주입하여 중뇌의 흑질 도파민 신경세포를 파괴하여 Parkinson 질병동물 모델을 만든 후, 2개의 군에는 마지막 MPTP 투여 2시간 후에 1차, 그 후로 48시간이 지날 때마다 양측 신수에 각각 0.06mg/kg 농도와 0.6mg/kg 농도의 봉약침을 시행하여 총 4회 시술한 후, 도파민 세포를 측정하는 TH 면역조직 화학법을 통해 세포의 보존 정도를 관찰하고, 세포사멸과 관련된 양상을 확인하기 위하여 Caspase 3, 신경염증과 관련된 양상을 확인하기 위하여 iNOS의 발현여부를 면역 조직화학법을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 결과 : 관찰결과 MPTP 투여 후 MPTP 투여군의 흑질의 도파민 세포 수는 감소하였으나 0.6mg/kg 봉약침을 투여한 경우에는 유의성 있게 세포 수가 유지되었다. Caspase-3와 iNOS 발현억제 실험에서 0.6mg/kg 봉약침군은 MPTP 투여군과 0.06mg/kg의 봉약침군과 비교하여 Caspase-3, iNOS 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다. 결론 : 봉약침은 MPTP 투여로 인한 신경세포 손상에 대하여 농도에 따라 세포사멸 기전과 신경염증 기전을 억제함으로 신경세포를 보호하는 것으로 추정되며, 추후 적절한 경혈점 및 최적의 봉약침 농도를 찾는데 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2004

Integumentary structures of the rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopy. Stratified epidermal layer consists of supporting cells, unicellular glands, granular cells and mitochondria-rich cells. The epidermal layer could be classified into superficial, intermediate and basal layer by morphology and structure of the supporting cells. Mucous cells of unicellular gland were observed in the superficial and intermediate layer of the epidermis. The mucous materials were identified as acidic and carboxylated mucosubstance by histochemical methods. Club cell has well-developed central vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi complex in the cytoplasm. Granular cells were observed in the superficial layer and contained numerous granules of high electron density. Mitochondria-rich cells are characterized by well-developed microfilaments in cortex and numerous tubular mitochondria in medullar cytoplasm. Three types of pigment cells in the dermal layer could be distinguished with electron density of cytoplasmic inclusions.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2001

목적 : 본 연구는 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)이 인간의 장관상피세포 계열인 Caco-2 세포에서 항산화작용을 증진시키는 효과가 있는지 검증하기 위한 실험이다. 방법 : 배양된 인간장관 세포계열인 Caco-2 세포에서 세포의 사망은 trypan blue의 소실정도에 의해 평가했으며 $H_2O_2$는 표본산화제로 사용되었다. 결과 : $H_2O_2$에서 노출된 세포들은 용량에 비례하여 세포 사망하는 결과를 보였다. 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 세포사망을 방지하였고, 0.05-1%의 농도범위에 걸쳐서 효과가 극대화되었다. 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)과 강력한 항산화제인 DPPD는 $H_2O_2$에 의해 억제된 SOD의 활성에는 영향을 주지는 못했다. 그러나 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 catalase, glutathione peroxidase, hydroperoxide 탈취효소의 활성이 감소되는 것을 억제하였다. 또한 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 glutathione의 감소는 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)과 DPPD에 의해 억제되었다. 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 ATP의 소실을 회복시켰지만 DPPD는 ATP 소실을 회복시키지 못하였다. 결론 : 이러한 결과로 볼 때 Caco-2세포에서 목향순기탕이 세포사망을 억제하는 것은 다른 기전을 통하여 항산화작용을 하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)이 반응성산소기에 의해 유발된 인체 위장관질환의 치료에 사용할 수 있을 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this observation was to investigate the natural killer cell activities in mice Infected with pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri and Acanthomoeba culbertsoni according to the infection doses, and infected with non-pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri. The natural killer cell activity was examined by means of target binding capacity, active NK cell and maximum recycling capacity of the mice after inoculating free-living amoebae with low and high doses. The mice infected with 1 103, 1 105 A. culbertsoni trophozoites showed mortality rates of 6.9% and 65.5%, respectively. The mice infected with 1 104, 1 105 N.fowleri trophozoites showed mortality rates of 5.9% and 72.2%, respectively. The NK cell activities in all experimental groups increased significantly on day 1 after infection as compared with control group, and then remarkably declined thereafter, there was no difference of the cytotoxic activity of the NK cells In mice among inoculation doses of pathogenic free-living amoebae. The target binding capacities of NK cells and percentages of activated NK cells in mice Infected with pathogenic free-living amoebae were slgrlificantly Increased a day after Infection, as compared Uth control group. There was no difference of the maximal recycling capacities of NK cells in all experimental groups as compared Uth control group. There was significant difference in the cytotoxic activity and single cell cytotoxlcity of NK cells between the experimental groups infected with pathogenic free-living amoebae and that infected with non-pathogenic free-living amoebae.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the decidual NK cell populations between increased pre-conceptional peripheral NK cell population and normal pre-conceptional peripheral NK cell population in women with a history of recurrent abortion. Methods: Fourteen women with history of recurrent abortion and elevated pre-conceptional peripheral NK cell, above 15% of peripheral lymphocyte population were included in this study. As a control, twelve women with history of recurrent abortion and their peripheral NK cell percentage showed below 15% were included. Distribution of $CD56^+$ and $CD16^+$ NK cells in paraffin embedded decidual tissues including implantation sites were examined by immunohistochemical staining using anti-CD56, 16 monoclonal antibodies. After immuohistochemical staining, the numbers of decidual NK cells were counted and compared these results between study and control groups. Results: There was significant difference in decidual $CD56^+$ NK cell count ($170.1{\pm}132.1$ vs. $68.3{\pm}66.1$, p=0.02) between increased peripheral $CD56^+$ NK cell group and control group. But, there showed no statistically significant correlation between decidual $CD56^+$ NK cell count and peripheral $CD56^+$ NK cell percentage (r=0.229, p=0.261). Also there was no statistically difference decidual $CD16^+$ NK cell count between study and control group ($25.70{\pm}11.72$ vs. $31.17{\pm}22.67$), and no correlation between decidual $CD16^+$ NK cell and peripheral $CD16^+$ NK cell percentage (r=-1.40, p=0.535). Conclusions: This study shows that decidual $CD56^+$ NK cell are significantly increased in decidua of women exhibiting a history of recurrent abortion with increased $CD56^+$ peripheral NK cell. This study suggests that the percentage of peripheral NK cell reflect the expression of decidual NK cell. Consequently, pre-conceptional peripheral blood NK cell population can be the useful marker for detecting the risk of subsequent miscarriage.