• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 1977

우리나라 동물학계의 공로자이시며 세포유전학계의 권위자이신 서울대학교 교수 姜永山박사의 회갑을 충심으로 축하합니다. 선생님은 우리 동물학회의 창립회원으로서 초대부터 지금까지 본 동물학회 이사 및 회장직을 여러차례 맡아 학회의 발전과 후진양성에 지대한 공헌을 하셨습니다. 여기 선생님의 약력과 업적을 소개하여 학계 및 교육계에 이바지 하신 노고를 찬양하는 바입니다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 2019

Based on their virulence, the avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are classified into two pathotypes: low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Among the 16 HA subtypes of AIV, only the H5 and H7 subtypes are classified as HPAI. Some AIVs, including H5 and H7 viruses, can infect humans directly. Six H7 subtype isolates from wild birds of the H7N7 (n=4) and H7N1 (n=2) subtypes were characterized in this study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that eight viral genes (HA, NA, PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) of the H7 isolates clustered in the Eurasian lineage, the genetic diversity of which is indicated by its division into several sublineages. The Korean H7 isolates had two motifs, PEIPKGR and PELPKGR, at the HA cleavage site, which have been associated with LPAI viruses. Six H7 isolates encoded glutamine (Q) and glycine (G) at positions 226 (H3 numbering) and 228 of HA, suggesting avian-type receptor-binding specificity. None of the Korean H7 isolates had the amino acid substitutions E627K in PB2 and I368V in PB1, which are critical for efficient replication in human cells. The Korean H7 isolates showed no deletions in the NA stalk region and in NS. These results suggest that the Korean H7 isolates from wild birds are different from the H7N9 influenza viruses isolated in China in 2013, which are capable of infecting humans.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2002

The usefulness of oligonucleotide DNA chip was evaluated for detection and primary level identification of major waterborne viruses in environmental samples. The enteric waterborne viruses included enterovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus. Total intracellular RNA of 10 BGM cell plates showing virus-specific cytopathic effects was extracted at the third day after inoculation. The intracellular RNA was then subjected to either enterovirus-specific RT-PCR followed by sequencing analysis, or the DNA chip. Seven out of 10 positive samples in cell culture were positive but the other three sample were turned out to be negative by both RT-PCR and DNA chip analyses. Nucleotide sequencing results and the DNA chip hybridization results of the RT-PCR product were in complete agreement in the identification of the 7 positive samples as enteroviruses. Using the DNA chip, it took only 3∼4 hr to complete detection and primary level identification of target viruses and additional procedures such as gel electrophoresis or nucleotide sequencing were not necessary. We believe that the DNA chip system can be employed as a highly effective and new detection methodology for environmental viruses.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.66-69
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• 1998

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is an important molecular cytogenetics technique that maps abnormal copy number of specific DNA sequence of the chromosome. CGH is based on quantitative digital image analysis of ratio images from fluorescently labeled chromosomes. In this paper, we would like to introduce how recently developed image analysis algorithms are used for CGH techniques. To average the ratio profile of each chromosome, binarization, skeletonization, and stretching of chromosome images have been studied. Developed algorithms have been implemented in the karyotyping system ChIPS commercially developed at Biomedlab Co. Ltd.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 1995

The development of selectable markers for transformation has been a major factor in the successful genetic manipulation of plant. We established a new selectable marker system for tobacco transformation using chimeric adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene, which confers resistance to cytotoxic adenosine analogues, 9-$\beta$-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine(Ara-A) and cordycepin. The transformants with the chimeric ADA gene in tobacco grew in the presence of normally lethal level of cytotoxic adenosine analogues, 100 $\mu$M Ara-A and 50 $\mu$M cordycepin. We successfully distinguished transformed shoot from non-transformed shoot on the same selectable media with cytotoxic adenosine analogues. In this selectable media, we were able to select seeds with/ without ADA gene from transgenic tobacco seeds. Theses results show that the mammalian ADA gene may serve as a new selectable marker for tobacco transformation.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.293-305
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• 1996

Retrovirus는 DNA가 아닌 RNA를 유전 물질로 갖고 있는 동물 virus인데 각 virus는 RNA와 함께 크게 gag, pol. 그리고 env 등의 3가지 단백질로 구성되어 있다. gag 단백질은 virus의 내부구조를 형성하는 단백질이고, pol단백질은 감염을 통해 표적 세포에 도입된 retrovirus의 RNA를 DNA로 역전사시키는 reverse transcriptase의 역할을 하며, env단백질은 virusdml 외부를 구성하는 단백질로써 이 단백질에 의해 각 retrovirus의 종류에 따른 감염이 가능한 표적세포의 종류가 결정된다(host cell specificity). 따라서 어떤 retrovirus의 envelope단백질과 표식세포에 있는 retrovirus의 envelope 단백질에 대한 특정 receptor와의 상호 작용에 의해 세포속으로 도입된 virus의 RNA는 reverse transcriptase에 의해 DNA로 역전사된 후 표적세포의 genomic DNA에 삽입되는 특징을 가진다. 이러한 특징을 가진 retrovirus vector system은 형질 전환 동물의 생산에 있어서 현재까지의 주된 방법인 수정란의 pronucleus에의 DNA microinjection방법 보다 여러 가지 면에서 우수함에도 불구하고 쥐 이외의 다른 동물에서는 거의 이용되고 있지 않는 실정이다. 주된 원인으로는 현재 사용되고 있는 대부분의 retrovirus vector system이 쥐의 백혈병 virus를 근간으로 하기 때문에 이 system에서 생산된 virus는 쥐 이외의 다른 동물, 특히 유제류의 세포에는감염성이 아주 약하기 때문이다. 이러한 결점을 해결하기 위하여 최근에 기존의 쥐 백혈병 virus의 envelope protein을 vesicular stomatitis virus의 G protein으로 대체한 hybrid retrovirus vector system이 개발되었다. 이러한 system에서 생산되는 virus는 조류를 포함한 거의 모든 종류의 동물세포를 감염시킬 수 있으며 몇몇 특정세포에 대해서는 기존의 retrovirus vector system에 비해 1,000배 이상의 높은 감염도를 나타내는데 그 특징이 있다. 따라서 이러한 새로운 virus vector system을 이용할 경우, 보다 다양한 종에 있어서 형질전환 동물을 효율적으로 생산할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 형질전환 동물의 생산 방법 자체를 다양화 시킬 수 있다고 본다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2011

Korean bennudagrass collections showed diverse genetic variations in their morphology, growth habit, and cytological aspects. Chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the bennudagrasses indicated a ploidy level ranging from triploid (2n=3x) to hexaploid (2n=6x). In this study, we investigated the different responses of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) and cell membrane stability of those bennudagrass cytotypes to lower temperature and shorter day length, which meets a dormant induction in Korea. All the antioxidant enzymes were found to be higher during dormant stage, while the heme-containing catalase which converts hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) to water and oxygen molecules was activated before dormant initiation in the three cytotypes except for hexaploid bennudagrass. The triploid and tetraploid which exhibited relatively finer leaves and a rapid establishment speed were found to show increased activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme. The malondialdehyde(MDA) which is a product of lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane damaged by the hydroxyl radical was increased in all cytotypes as temperature declined, and tri- and tetraploids which had more protective antioxidant enzymes demonstrated a significantly lower MDA production. Similarly electrolyte leakage was higher in penta- and hexaploidy, seemingly more damage to cell membrane when low temperature was implemented. Results indicated that antioxidant responses of different cytotypes were genetically specific, which needs to be investigated the relevance with the low temperature tolerance in the bermudagrass further at the molecular level.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 2007

Cytogenetic analyses of an endemic species, Coreoleuciscus splendidus (Cyprinidae) was performed including erythrocyte measurement, chromosome count and karyotyping, nucleolar organizing region (NOR) banding and flow cytometric analysis of genome size. C. splendidus had the same modal chromosome number of 2n = 48 between sexes, however, displayed a sex-related dimorphism in their chromosome karyotypes. Males represented a pair of heteromorphic chromosomes which couldn‘t be seen in any female individuals, indicating that the sex determination mechanism of this species should be a typical XX-XY based male heterogamety (female=10M+6SM+8A+XX vs male=10M+6SM+8A+XY). Other cytogenetic features such as Ag-NORs located in a pair of acrocentric chromosomes, estimated nuclear volume ($28{\mu}m^3$) and cellular DNA content (2.4 pg/cell) suggest that genetic recombination might be the main driving force responsible for the evolution of this species rather than the polyploidy-based evolutionary process as in many other Cyprinidae species.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 1993

Background: Recent advancement of molecular genetics has revealed that malignant transformation of a cell may be a complex multistep process and this process is grouped, in general, into two distinct categories, activation of protooncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. This study was focused on the mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene, because p53 gene mutation is now generally accepted to be one of the most frequent genetic changes in a variety of human cancers. Although lung cancer is one of the common cancers in Korea, the genetic change in the carcinogenesis process is not yet known clearly. To investigate the role of p53 gene mutation in lung cancer, we examined the mutations of exon 4-8 of the p53 gene in humna lung cancer cell lines, because most of the mutations of p53 gene have been reported to develop in exon 4-8. Method: Genomic DNA was obtained by the digestion of proteinase K and the extraction by phenol-chloroform-ethanol method from two human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines, PC-9 and PC-14, and one human small cell lung cancer cell line, H69. To detect the mutations of exon 4-8 of the p53 gene, polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) analysis was performed with the DNA extracted from the cells. Results: The mutation of p53 gene was present in all three cell lines tested. In PC-9, PC-14 and H69, the altered mobility was detected in exon 7, 7 and 5, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that p53 gene mutation plays an important role in certain steps of the carcinogenesis of human non-small cell and small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2009

Hereditary peripheral neuropathies can be categorized as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), hereditary motor neuropathies (HMN), and hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN). HMSN, HMN, and HSN are further subdivided into several subtypes. Here, we review the most recent findings in the molecular diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for hereditary peripheral neuropathies. The products of genes associated with hereditary peripheral neuropathy phenotypes are important for neuronal structure maintenance, axonal transport, nerve signal transduction, and functions related to the cellular integrity. Identifying the molecular basis of hereditary peripheral neuropathy and studying the relevant genes and their functions is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of these neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the processes involved in the normal development and function of the peripheral nervous system. These advances and the better understanding of the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies represent a challenge for the diagnoses and managements of hereditary peripheral neuropathy patients in developing future supportive and curative therapies.