• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2007

The present study was examined the expression patterns of cdx2 gone, n lineage marker, in the mouse and bovine developmental stage embryos and whether one blastomere of two- and/or four-cell bovine embryos develop to specific lineage (ICM or TE) of blastocyst by injection of Texas red conjugated dextran as a lineage tracer. It was also investigated the allocation of ICM and n cells in bovine blastocysts derived from one blastomere of two-and/or four-cell stage embryos. Firstly, it was observed that expression of cdx2 appeared symmetric and asymmetric distribution at the two-cell stage mouse embryos. from four-cell to morula stage mouse embryos, the expression of cdx2 gene was observed in almost all blastomeres. In case of bovine embryos, localization of cdx2 was similar to pattern of mouse embryos. The Dextran-labeled blastomere of two- and/or four-cell embryos contributed to both ICM and TE cells in bovine blastocysts. And also, it was confirmed that a single blastomere derived from two-cell stage bovine embryos could develop to the normal blastocyst with both ICM and TE cells. These results show that two-and/or four-cell stage is not the specific stage to determine the cell rate for ICM and TE, and which is not correlated with the expression of cdx2 gene.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 1989

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reacting with the plasmalemma of Amoeba proteus were produced. Specificity of the 3 MAbs was determined by transfer blotting of the SDS polvacryfamide gel. AMS antibody reacted with the mucopolysaccharide bands of the spacer gel, 220 KD and 50 KD proteins of the resolving gel. The maior glycoprotein bands (175 KD, 165 KD) and 50 KD protein of the plasmalemma were recognized by AUG antibody. A third, AMP antibody reacted with the 50 KD protein only. In immunofluorescence microscopy of the enzyme treated cells, the antigens of these MAbs were sensitive to proteases, but not sensitive to neuraminidase. In the assay of cell to substratum attachment after binding with the antibody, AMG and AMP antibodies exerted no effect, but AMS hindered the attachment and cell spreading. Thus the effective components of the plasmalemma in cell to substratum attachment appear to be the mucopolysaccharides and 220 KD protein. The membranes of latex particle infested phagosomes did not show any distinction from the plasmalemma in fluorescence microscopy. Phagosome membranes of amoebae appear to be derived from the plasma membrane without selection in terms of the antigen composition. Amoeba Proteus의 세포막과 반응하는 단세포군 항체를 생산하였다. SDS polyacrylamide gel을 transfer blotting하여 이들 항체의 반응 특이성을 조사해 본 결과 AMS 단항체는 PAS로 염색되는 spacer gel의 mucopolysaccharide 린드, resolving gel의 220 KD 및 50 KD 단백질과 반응하였으며, 세포막의 주요 당단백질인 175 KD 및 165 KD 빈드와 50 KD 단백질은 AMG 단항체에 의해서 인지되었다. 그리고 AMP단항체는 공통인 50 KD 단백질과 특이하게 반응하였다. 효소처리한 아메바의 면역형광칠미경적 조사에서 이들 항체에 대한 항원분자들은 모두 단백질분해효소에 민감하였으며 neuraminidase에 대해서는 변화가 없었다. 이들 항체를 결합시킨 아메바의 용기표면 부착 가능성을 분석한 결과 AMP 및 AMG 단항체는 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였으며 AMS 단항체는 세포의 용기표면 부착 및 세포의 펴짐을 저해하였다. 따라서 아메바의 용기표면 부착은 mucopolysaccharide 및 220 KD 단백질에 의해서 매게되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 latex particle을 담고 있는 식포막은 면역형광형미경적 조사에서 세포막과 차이가 없었다. 따라서 겐포막은 항원 조성에 있어서 비 선택적으로 세포막에서 유도되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2004

생체 시스템은 수많은 세포들로 구성되어 있다. 일반적으로 세포막은 단백질과 지방의 혼합체로 구성되어 있으며 두께는 7.5-10nm 정도이다. 단백질은 지방과 함께 세포막을 통한 물질의 이동을 제어하는 역할을 한다. 특히 지방층은 지방에 잘 용해되는 산소나 탄산가스 등은 잘 통과시키지만, 지방에 잘 용해되지 않는 나트륨, 칼륨, 칼슘, 글루코스, 아미노산 등은 지방층 내부에 삽입되어 있는 단백질에 의해 조절된다.(중략)

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.342-346
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• 1993

The protein level of cytoskeletons in cultured myoblasts was found to gradually decrease during the course of myogenesis. This decrease, however, could be prevented by treatiag the ceils with calpeptin (benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-nLeu-H), a cell penetrating inhibitor of calpain. In contrast, E-64, which also is a potent inhibitor of calpain but can not be transported into the cells, showed little or no effect. In addition, the treatment of calpeptin was found to stabilize a number of specific cytoskeletal proteins from degradation but without any effect on the pattern of total cells proteins. Furthermore, calpeptin, but not E-64, blocked myoblast fusion in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that calpain is responsible for the myogenic time-dependent loss of cytoskeletal proteins and that the degradative process is associated with myoblast fusion. These results also suggest that the differential effects of the calpain inhibitors depend on the permeabIlity of the drugs across the cell membrane.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2017.03a
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• pp.719-725
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• 2017

막전압 고정 기법은 세포막 이온통로의 활성화 게이트, 비활성화 게이트의 물리적 성질 등을 밝힐 수 있다. 즉, 여러 다양한 펄스 프로토콜을 이용하여 활성화 게이트와 비활성화 게이트의 막전압 의존성을 구할 수 있다. 본 연구는 L-type $Ca^{2+}$ 통로의 모델을 막전압 고정 기법 시뮬레이션에 적용하여 최적의 펄스 프로토콜을 얻기 위한 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 비활성화 게이트의 막전압 의존성을 구하는 경우, 테스트 전압에서 +10 mV의 전압으로 가기 전에 0 ms, 5 ms, 20 ms의 gap을 주었는데 이 중 5 ms의 gap을 주었을 때 모델과 가장 가까운 관계를 얻을 수 있었다. 다음으로 활성화 게이트의 막전압 의존성을 구하는 경우, 일반적인 방법으로는 실제 관계와 크게 다른 결과를 얻었으나, 0 mV 이하의 막전압에 대해서만 막전압 의존성을 구하는 방법을 사용하여 실제 관계와 근접한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, 본 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 적절히 이용한다면 실제 세포실험에서 정확한 수치를 얻기 위한 펄스 프로토콜을 얻는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.549-561
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• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 새로이 제작된 chitosan-poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) 다층 다공성 차폐막의 생체적합성 및 골세포활성도 및 골재생능을 평가하는 것이다. 제작된 차폐막을 24 well에 넣고 clonal osteoblast-like cell line(MC3T3-E1)을 접종한 군을 실험군으로, 차폐막을 사용하지 않은 대조군으로 하였다. 배양 1일, 7일 및 14일째에 각 well에서 세포수를 측정하였다. 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 차폐막에 부착된 세포의 형태관찰을 시행하였다. RNA 추출 및 RT-PCR을 실시한 후, agarose gel상에서 전기영동하여 조골세포 표식자인 collagen type I(COL), osteopontin(OP) 및 osteocalcin(OC) mRNA의 발현을 관찰하였다. 제작된 매트릭스의 생체적합성 및 골재생능을 관찰하기 위하여 백서의 두개골에 직경 8mm의 원형 결손부를 형성한 후 차폐막을 이식한 군을 실험군으로, 아무 것도 넣지 않은 군을 대조군으로 하여 4주 경과 후 실험동물을 희생시킨 후 조직학적관찰을 시행하였다. 시간경과에 따른 부착세포수 관찰결과, 배양 14일까지 조골세포의 수가 지속적으로 증가하였고, 주사전자현미경으로 세포의 형태 관찰결과, 배양된 세포들은 중층의 형태로 성장하면서 시간경과에 따라 세포가 응집되는 양상을 나타내었다. 관찰 기간동안 COL, OP, 및 OC mRNA의 발현이 관찰되어 배양 전 기간동안 조골세포의 형질이 잘 유지되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 백서 두개골 결손부에 이식된 차폐막은 염증반응 없이 주위 조직과 우수한 생체적합성을 나타내었으며, 차폐막을 이식하지 하지 않은 대조군에 비해 높은 신생골 형성을 나타내었다. 이상의 관찰결과로 새로이 제작된 chitosan-PLLA 차폐막은 우수한 생체적합성 및 골재생능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 이를 골조직 재생 및 치주조직유도재생 분야에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2010

The placenta, which is a temporary organ derived from the fetus during pregnancy, is critical to support fetus development via optimal regulation between mother and fetus. Trophoblast as a major cell population of the placenta is one of the earliest to differentiate and shows an extensive proliferation or/and differentiation up to the formation of the placenta. The role of the trophoblast show dynamic changes from early embryo implantation to placentation during pregnancy. Implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium of the maternal uterus is mediated by invasion of the differentiated trophoblast (e.g. syncytiotrophoblast) from the trophectoderm. During pregnancy, the unique role of the trophoblast is to invasion, eroding, and metastasizing in the placenta as well as to ensure appropriate bidirectional nutrient or waste flow required for growth and maturation of the embryo. The dysfunction of the trophoblast during pregnancy can result in several gynecological diseases including preeclampsia and congenital malformation in neonatal medicine. Therefore, trophoblasts act as a conclusive factor in placental and fetal development. This brief review outlines the classification of trophoblast and its function in the placenta during pregnancy. Also, we introduce the latest research in trophoblast for implantation and the placenta development, and the application potential of trophoblast for infertility and obstetrical diseases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.3 s.92
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• pp.227-234
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• 2002

In order to investigate the action mechanism of protein kinase C on $K^+$ channel in osteoblastic cell, effects of phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate on human osteoblast-like cells (G292) were studied by patch clamp technique with cell-attacked configuration. 111 this experiment, 45pS ion channel was dominant in G292 cell line according to their approximate conductances in symmetrical 140mM KCl saline at holding potential of 60mV. In torrent-voltage relationship, reversal potential was 5.5mV at the condition of potassium enriched saline in the pipette and -27 mV at the condition of standard extracellular saline In the pipette. Phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate 10nM increased the open probability of 45pS channel and staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, suppressed this effect. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate moved the reversal potential of 45pS channel to more negative potential and increased the single channel current at the same membrame potential. In order to check the activation of protein kinase C in G292 cell by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, western blot of protein kinase C was performed. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate $0.1{\mu}M$ translocated protein kinase C from cellular compartment to membrane compartment of the cell. These findings suggest that phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, one of phorbol esters, activate 45pS channel In G292 cell and affect cell membrane potential, that regulate cellular function.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.356-365
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• 1991

$L-Triiodothyronine(T_3)$ binding to purified plasma membrane and to isolated nuclei from the same liver in obese(ob/ob) mice and their lean littermates was examined. The maximal binding capacity(Bmax) for $T_3$ receptor of liver nuclei, as compared to lean control, was significantly lower in the obese mouse$(obese 527{\pm}80fmol/mg\;DNA ; lean 883{\pm}62fmol/mg\;DNA)$, without an apparent difference in dissociation constant(Kd). The finding that obese mice have fewer liver nuclear $T_3$ receptors confirms previous reports. The Bmax and Kd of liver plasma membrane $T_3$ receptor were not significantly different between obese and lean mouse, which suggests no defect to be occurring in the function of the plasma membrane $T_3$ receptor and reinforces the view that the peripherally impaired thyroid hormone action in obese mice is a post plasma membrane receptor event. These results further support the hypothesis that the major defect of the thyroid hormone metabolism in genetic obesity occurs at the level of the nuclear receptor.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2002

Histology and ultrastructure of the mantle epidermis in the ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii are described using light and electron microscopy. The mantle of the ark shell is composed of outer epidermis, connective tissue and inner epidermis. Both epidermis are simple and consists of supporting cells, ciliated cells and secretory cells. Connective tissue is composed of mainly collagen and muscle fibers. The supporting cells in the inner epidermis are usually columnar and covered with microvilli. The ciliated cell have cilia and microvilli on the free surface, and numerous tubular mitochondria are observed in the apical cytoplasm. Secretory cells are mainly observed in the outer epidermis, and it can be divided into four types of A, B, C and D with morphological features of the secretory granules. Type A cells of mucous cell are found in the marginal and central mantle. And these cells contains numerous secretory granules of non-bounded and low electron density. Type B cells contains numerous rough endoplasmic reticula, well-developed Golgi complex and secretory granules of membrane-bounded and high electron density. Secretory granules of type C cells are divided into fibrous core layer and homogeneous peripheral layer. Type D cells are found in the outer epidermis of the central and umbonal mantle. And secretory granules of these cells are divided into homogeneous core layer and granular peripheral layer. This results suggest that the outer and inner epidermis of the mantle are related with shell formation and cleaning of the mantle cavity, respectively.