• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 해도형 나일론 극세사 제품의 알칼리 용출 및 염색특성에 대한 고찰과 인공피혁, 스웨이드 조직 편물 등의 목적으로 함께 쓰이게 될 폴리우레탄과의 혼방 제품의 염색성 향상에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저, 해도형 나일론 극세사의 알칼리 용출거동을 확립하기 위해 NaOH 농도 및 온도에 따른 감량 특성을 확인하였으며, Red 색상의 산성염료와 반응성 염료 타입에 따른 염색특성 및 세탁 견뢰도 등을 고찰하였다. 또한, 폴리우레탄의 염착성을 향상시키기 위해 폴리우레탄 합성시 고분자 말단에 아민기를 함유하는 시료에 대한 염색성을 고찰하고, 폴리우레탄 함침 소재로서 쓰이는 인공피혁을 제조하여 염색 특성을 알아보았다. 해당 연구를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 해도형 초극세사의 알칼리 용출의 경우 $90^{\circ}C$에서 30분 유지시키는 것이 가장 적절한 조건이었으며, pH에 따른 염색성의 경우 레벨링 타입 염료와 반응성 염료의 경우 4~5, 밀링 타입과 함금속 염료의 경우는 5~6정도의 pH에서 우수한 염색성을 나타내었다. 산성염료의 경우 염색온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 초극세사에 염착된 염료들은 이면의 일반 나일론사로 이동하는 현상이 증가하였지만 반응성 염료의 경우는 이러한 이염 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 농도가 증가함에 따라 산성염료는 우수한 빌드업성을 나타내는데 반해 반응성 염료는 4% owf이상에서는 염착량이 증가하지 않았으나, 세탁 견뢰도의 경우 반응성 염료로 염색된 시료가 가장 우수한 견뢰도를 나타내었다. 그리고 앞선 모든 염색실험에 있어서 일반 나일론사보다는 초극세사의 염착률이 더 높았고, 겉보기 색농도는 낮게 나타나는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 나일론/폴리우레탄 혼방제품에서 쓰이는 일반적인 폴리우레탄(RPU)과 아민 함량이 높은 폴리우레탄(APU)의 염색성을 알아본 결과 APU의 염색성이 훨씬 우수하였고, RPU에서 나타나는 현상인 염색의 진행에 따른 염료의 탈리가 나타나지 않았으며 견뢰도 또한 우수하였다. 인공피혁의 염색에서는 함침에 사용된 폴리우레탄 수지의 구조에 따라 염색성이 달라지는 현상을 확인하였으며, 특히 반응성 염료를 사용할 경우 인공피혁에서 일반적으로 문제가 되는 견뢰도 저하의 현상이 나타나지 않았다.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.159-164
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• 1999

The study was investigated to the effect of antimicrobial finishing of towel treated by organic antimicrobial agent. It was measured for the optimal condition such as treated time, treated concentration and temperature. After amtimicrobial treatment, mechanical and fastness properties, anti-laundering property were measured.The antimicrobial activity of samples was analyzed quantitatively by masureing the number of colonies of Staphylococcus aureus using the shake flask method. Towel samples treated with the optimal condition such as treated time of 10 minute, and treated temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, concentration of organic antimicrobial agent of 3.5% were shown a high reduction rate in the number of colonies grown and clear zones of inhibition.The effect of reduction rate for laundering until the number of 20 times was shown high reduction rate of over 80%. And the mechanical properties of samples treated with organic antimicrobial agent were not changed approximately.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.151-157
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• 1999

The study was investigated the improved printing effect of heat transfer ability for the cotton fabric treated with disperse dyes. Some important factors were studied to determine the most optimal conditions such as concentration of dye, treated time and temperature, after treatment and before treatment using swelling agent, and molecular weight of dye. The fastness to laundering and light for heat transfer printing was measured.The optimal conditions of heat transfer printing for cotton fabric treated with disperse dye were concentration of 5% owf, treated temperature of $200^{\circ}C$, treated time of 3 minute. The diffusion of disperse dyes inside cotton fabric was accelerated as a result of swelling agent such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, propylene glycol using in this study. The effects of heat transfer printing were increased that the increasement of before treatment time for swelling agent, decrease of molecular weight of dye.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2012

천연염색은 독성과 환경오염이 적으며 합성염료로는 얻기 어려운 자연스러운 색감 등을 표현할 수 있는 장점에 비하여 염색과정 및 보관의 어려움, 재현성 부족, 낮은 염착량과 견뢰도, 염색과정에서 노동력이 많이 소비되어 대량생산의 어려움 등의 문제점으로 인해 아직 공업화되지 못하고 있다. 천연염료는 합성염료에 비해 색상이 차분하고 은은하며 변퇴색이 일어나도 안정된 색감을 나타낼 뿐 아니라 매염제에 의해 다양한 명도와 색상변화를 꾀할 수 있어 천연염색물에 대한 소비자의 수요가 최근 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 천연염색 공정의 기계화를 통해 대량생산 및 재현성 확보가 가능한 100yd급 염색시스템을 설계 제작하고 천연염료인 소목을 이용하여, 면 및 견을 포함한 10종의 원단에 염액비(1:20), 매염제($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$)를 사용하여 염색 온도변화($20^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$)에 따른 원단별 염색특성을 평가하였다. 평가결과 세탁견뢰도는 온도가 증가할수록 대부분의 원단에서 견뢰도가 상승하였으며, 염색된 원단내의 색차(${\Delta}E$) 평가에서 대부분의 원단에서 1.0미만의 균염성을 나타내었다.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.503-510
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• 2014

Nowdays, costumer's washing behavior were often times for remove to light-duty dirt. The purpose of this study is to provide the most effective washing conditions of detergent concentration and temperature conditions for help save energy and water resources required to the washing process. Washing conditions were as follows: 2 kinds of detergents and 4 types of artificially soiled fabrics were used. Detergent concentration was 0%, -10%, and -20% below the recommended conc. of manufacturer's standard. Temperature of bath was $20^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. The results of this study were as follows: First, washing performances of all kind of artificially soiled fabric improved as the temperature of bath at $40^{\circ}C$. Second, the test was conducted under the condition of decreasing respectively -10% and -20% below of the recommended concentration of manufacturer's standard detergent. The average of washing efficiency was not considerably affected by the reduction of 10% below of manufacturer's standard. Third, in case of the water temperature were $20^{\circ}C$, polyester/cotton blended fiber were higher degree of washing efficiency than cotton fiber.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2009

This study investigated a possibility to develop an adsorption process for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the solvent emitted during dry cleaning. Pitch activated carbon fiber (ACF) was chosen as an adsorbent of VOCs, and an electric swing adsorption process was utilized for the reproduction of the adsorbent after the completion of VOCs adsorption. Effects of ACF types and several solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and toluene were examined on breakthrough curves and amounts of adsorbed VOCs. ACF was pretreated under various conditions in order to enhance the amounts of the adsorbed VOCs. Temperatures and voltages were measured for the reproduction of the ACF after full adsorption. ACF having micropores exhibited high adsorption of TCE, and high surface area of ACF could increase the adsorption property of toluene. In general, ACF could adsorb 41~54% TCE of the adsorbent weight. The increase of inlet VOCs concentration significantly decreased the breakthrough time and slightly lowered the amounts of adsorbed VOCs. Thus, ACF could effectively adsorb VOCs in low concentration in the feed stream. ACF pretreated by heat under vacuum showed excellent toluene adsorption with controlling oxygen functional groups on the ACF surface, which revealed that vacant carbon site could be the adsorption point of toluene. Most adsorbed toluene was desorbed at $150^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.86-88
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• 1978

겨울철에 동남아로 여행을 떠나다니 추위를 피할 수 있어 다행으로 생각하며 부러워하는 사람이 있었으나 사실은 그렇지 않았다. 속내의와 두툼한 외투를 입고 지내다가 평균 30$\circ$C가 넘고 습도가 높은 곳에서 지내기란 고역이었으나 세탁소 종업원들의 이상한 생각을 불러 일으켜가며 챙겨간 여름옷도 하루만 입고나가면 땀으로 흠뻑젖어 한 지역에 가면 첫날에만 입고 나가며 가장 즐겨 입은 웃옷은 간편하고 빨기좋은 나이론 남방이었으나 이런 온도차에 의한 고역은 지독하여 다시 한번 격게 되어 며칠간은 심한 몸살을 하게되었다. 1978년 새해들어 채 설 기분도 가시지 않은 1월 12일에 출국하여 제일먼저 들른곳은 홍콩대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실(Community medicine)이었다. 주임교수는 WHO의 Malaria Program과 싱가폴 대학에 있던 Dr. M.J. Colbourne으로 그날따라 토요일인 때라 그 다음 날에는 Hawaii에서 열리는 암의 역학적인 면에 관하여 회의가 있어 떠난다고 하며 무척 바쁜 눈치였다. 그곳에서 주로 하는일은 의과대학생들에 대하여 강의하며 1년에 몇명씩 대학원생도 받으나 올해는 한명도 없다고 한다. 물로 대학원생의 입학자격은 의사에 한한다. 두번째 들린 곳은 태국 방콕으로 시간을 많이 보낸곳은 Mahidol대학교 보건대학(Faculty of Public Health)이었다. 12개과에 139명의 교수진과 435명의 학생을 가진 큰 학교 이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.928-934
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the dyeing properties of safflower yellow dye on silk for the standardization of dyeing process and color reproducibility. Yellow colorants were water-extracted from safflower petals, concentrated, and freeze-dried to obtain colorants powder. The effects of dye concentration, dyeing temperature, and pH of dye bath were studied in terms of dye uptake and shade. Fastness to dry cleaning and light was evaluated. Dye uptake increased with raising temperature and brighter and more vivid yellow shade was obtained when dyed at $30^{\circ}C$. As colorants concentration increased, dye uptake increased progressively and the shade got darker and deeper. Maximum color strength was obtained at pH 3.5. It was speculated that the adsorption of colorants seemed to occur mainly by hydrogen bonding and physical force at pH 5.5 and by ionic bonding as well as hydrogen bonding below isoelectric point(pH 3.8-4.0). The results of reproducibility test showed acceptable color difference in the range of $1.11{\sim}2.01$. Washing fastness was fairly good as 4/5 rating, while light fastness was 2/3 rating.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2014

This paper investigates the physical properties such as water absorption, drying and hygral expansion of moisture responded transformable fibers and their knitted fabrics including dyeing characteristics according to the different dyeing time and temperature. For this purpose, three kinds of covered filament yarn specimens using HEF and spandex as core and PET, aerocool as a covering filament were prepared. The knitted fabric specimens were made using three kinds yarn specimens and dyed with different dyeing temperature and time. The moisture absorption, drying and hygral expansion of three kinds of knitted fabric specimens were measured and discussed with yarn structure. The wearing performance of these knitted fabric specimens were also measured and discussed with yarn characteristics using FAST system. Finally, the dyeing characteristics such as dye affinity, color difference and color fastness to washing of these knitted fabric specimens were measured and discussed with different dyeing temperature and time for examining dyeing process performance of these moisture responded transformable knitted fabrics.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2012

In this study the natural colorant was extracted from black bean seed coat in aqueous solution and used to dye silk and cotton fabrics. To obtain the optimal dyeing conditions it was examined at various dyeing condition (temperature, pH, time and liquor ratio). The dyeing behavior and the depths of shade which were evaluated in terms of K/S and CIELAB color difference values of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were also investigated. The dyeing fastness evaluated standard light and wash fastness tests. The obtained results were as follows ; The most K/S value of silk and cotton fabrics were obtained when the pH was 4.0 and 4.8, respectively and it increased slightly with dyeing time passes when the dyeing temperatures were at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ but, it increased at $80^{\circ}C$. The color of silk fabrics changed from yellowish red to yellow at only Fe mordanting among various mordanting. Sn and Ti mordanting of silk fabric and only Ni mordanting of cotton fabric increased the $L^*$ values, but the others decreased. The light fastness of silk fabrics showed 4-6 grade without mordant, 4-5 grade with Al, 3-4 grade with Cu and Sn, and 2-3 grade with Fe as mordant, and that of cotton fabrics showed 1-2 grade without mordant, 2-3 grade with Fe, 2 grade with Cu, 1-2 grade with Al and Sn as mordants. All mordanting coluld not improve the light fastness of fabrics. Washing fastness(fade) of silk fabrics showed 2 grade without mordants and 2-3 grade with mordants and those of cotton fabrics showed 4 grade with Cu, 3 grade without mordant and with Al, Sn and Fe. All of the washing fastness(stain) of both fabrics showed 4-5 grade.