• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2001

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of levee crest width and the slope steepness on levee break due to overtopping flow. The phenomenon of bank failure can be described in 4 stages. In this study, the magnitudes of breach width, breach depth peak discharge, and scouring shape at the break site were measured, and the result shows that peak discharge will be reduced and breach duration extended by widening the crown width and lessening the levee slope steepness. The breach width was narrower and the breach depth deeper, as the levee crest width become wider or the slope steeper. And, the bed scour depth was deeper and steeper, as the levee crest crest width become narrower or the slope milder.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1346-1351
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the local scour around offsshore wind foundation, mono pile and jacket foundation were simulated by using FLOW-3D. Numerical analysis results show that local increases of velocity around mono pile and jacket foundation was developed but velocity decreases in backward of pile and leg due to the wake vortex was observed. Local increases of velocity around foundation and scouring of jacket is more significant than that of mono pile, since jacket is the complex structure and has the interference effect with legs. Therefore, in order to evaluate the scour and design the scour protection method, the form and shape of substructures of offshore wind should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

This paper describes a simplified numerical procedure for analyzing the response of bridge pier foundations due to riverbed scouring. A computationally efficient algorithm to analyze the behavior of a pile group is proposed by considering soil-pile, pile-cap, and pile-fluid interactions. The complex phenomenon of the pile-soil interaction is modeled by discrete nonlinear soil springs (p-y, t-z and q-z curves). The pile-cap interaction is considered by geometric configuration of the piles in a group and connectivity conditions between piles and the cap. The pile-fluid interaction is incorporated into the procedure by reducing the stiffness of the soil-pile reactions as a result of nonlinearity and degradation of the soil stiffness with river bridge scouring. Through the numerical study, it is shown that the maximum bending moment increases with increasing scour depth. Thus it is desirable to check the stability elf pile groups based on soil-pile and pile-cap interactions by considering scouring depth in the riverbed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2021

This paper presents a machine learning technique applied to prediction of time-dependent local scour around bridge piers in both non-cohesive and cohesive beds. The support vector machines (SVM), which is known to be free from overfitting, is used. The time-dependent scour depths are expressed by 7 and 9 variables for the non-cohesive and cohesive beds, respectively. The SVM models are trained and validated with time series data from different sources of experiments. Resulting Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) indicates that the models are trained and validated properly. Comparisons are made with the results from Choi and Choi's formula and Scour Rate in Cohesive Soils (SRICOS) method by Briaud et al., as well as measured data. This study reveals that the SVM is capable of predicting time-dependent local scour in both non-cohesive and cohesive beds under the condition that sufficient data of good quality are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

It is known that scour at bridge piers is one of the leading causes of bridge failure. However, the mechanism of flow around a pier structure is so complicated that it is difficult to establish a general empirical model to provide accurate estimation for scour. Especially, each of the proposed empirical formula yields good results for a particular data set but can't show reliable predictability for various scouring data set. In this study, an alternative approach, that is, artificial neural networks (ANN), is proposed to estimate the local scour depth with numerous field data base. The local scour depth was modeled as a function of seven variables; pier shape, pier width, pier length, skew angle, stream velocity, water depth, $D_{50}$. 426 field data were used for the training and testing of ANN model. The predicted results showed that the neural network could provide a better alternative to the empirical equations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.453-458
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• 2016

While the design of weirs requires a scour-considered strategy, research on the analysis of the effectiveness of hydraulic energy dissipaters and design criteria are scarce due to the limited experimental facilities and restraint in the experiment conduction period. The study analyzed the scour dissipation effect of multidirectional dissipaters to improve the scour problems of a weir downstream and suggests design criteria to minimize scour. A hydraulic model experiment was conducted for Nakdong River Hapcheon-Changnyeong Weir and a model in 1/25 of horizontal accumulation and 1/25 of vertical accumulation was produced. The experimental equipment was classified into channels and a flow rate supply and an underwater pump were installed to enable flow at a maximum of 2.0 m3/s. The experimental inflow was 1.3 m3/s, the upstream water level was 0.36 m, downstream water level was 0.24 m, and a cylinder wooden baffle, a dissipater, with a diameter of 0.05 m was made. A 3D scanner was also used for an accurate scour depth comparison for a length change of the baffle before and after installing the baffle. When the baffle was arranged in the shape of a V, the depth of scour decreased by 36% while the scour length decreased by 49% due to flow reduction compared to that before installing the baffle.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.539-552
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• 1998

When the pier is constructed in the cohesive be, the accuracy maynot be obtained because the equation for calculating the scour at piers is based upon the results which are analyzed through the experiments in the non-cohesive bed. In this paper, the variation of the depth of the pier scour occurred by constructing 5 types of pier in the channel having the cohesive material is examined. The experimental results are analyzed based upon Froude numbers and non-dimensional numbers which are indicated as the flow depths compared to the pier width. The results are also compared with the results obtained using the existing pier scour equations. In this paper, the shape factors, which can be used for calculating the scour depth of the pier in the cohesive channel bed, are suggested. The shape factors are indicated through the ratios between the scour depth at the circular pier and the scour depths at the different types of pier, and are suggested as two stages. In the first stage, in which the water depth compared to the pier width is less than 1.2, the shape factors are given as the equations. However, in the second stage the shape factors are given as the constant values. It is understood that the shape factors suggested in this paper can be properly usd for calculating local scour at piers in the bridges which are constructed in the cohesive channel bed having the characteristics of the bed material which is used in these experiments. Keywords : local scour, maximum scour depth, cohesive bed material, pier shape, pier, shape factor.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of flow and bed topography with changing bed material in a 180-degree, with constant-radius curved experimental channel. Sand($D_{50}$ = 0.56 mm, s = 2.65) and anthracite($D_{50}$ = 0.26 mm, s = 1.54) were selected as bed materials. The maximum scour depth was found to be about two times for the mean flow depth at the outer bank of bend angle $30^{\circ}~60^{\circ}$, and in case of anthracite, it was found upper part of bend angle $5^{\circ}~15^{\circ}$ than that of sand. Regardless of bed materials the path of maximum streamwise velocity is skewed inwards in the upper part of the bend, the maximum velocity shifts outwards, and it lagged downward as bed roughness increases. The maximum skewed angle of flow grows faster in the smooth bottom than in the rough one, and its value also increases. The secondary flow in anthracite bottom was measured larger than that of sand one, and two cells of secondary flow was found in this experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1906-1910
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• 2010

산지하천은 지형적인 특성상 만곡지점이 많이 발달되어 있기 때문에 홍수시에는 유속이 매우 빠르며 수위상승과 횡방향 수위 변동이 심하다. 이러한 산지하천의 흐름특성은 집중호우가 발생할 경우 급격한 홍수위 상승과 함께 하상세굴이 발생하게 된다. 특히 집중호우로 인해 산간지역 지면의 침식이나 하천의 세굴로 인해 토석류가 발생하게 되며, 이로 인해 하천 주변에서 많은 재해가 발생하게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 영서지역 산지하천에 해당하는 시험유역 운영을 통하여 집중호우시 하천의 만곡지점에서 수위상승과 하상세굴로 인한 토석류의 발생으로 극심한 피해를 주고 있는 문제들을 해결하기 위해 고품질의 신뢰성 있는 수리/수문 자료를 지속적으로 확보하고자 한다. 강우관측소와 수위관측소 등의 계측시스템을 설치하여 실시간 수문관측 자료의 전송 및 현장 조사를 통해 얻은 수리/수문 자료에 대하여 DB 자료를 구축하였다. 2009년에 유량측정을 실시한 속사천에 위치한 의풍포교 이외에 2010년에는 장평교, 백옥포교, 상안미 3개의 지점을 추가하여 측정을 실시하고자 한다. 이와 같은 수리/수문 자료의 수집은 유역의 수문특성에 대해 보다 정확한 규명과 관측된 자료를 바탕으로 한 수문순환모형의 개발을 위한 검정 및 검증자료로 활용될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2017

하천시설물 설계, 시공 및 관리에 있어서 하상재료는 매우 중요하다. 예를 들어, 재료에따른 호안이나 하안의 보호능력이 떨어지거나 수리적 특성에 의해 쉽게 파손될 수 있으며, 구성물질에 의해 하천환경의 변화를 야기시킬 수 있다. 때문에 본 연구에서는 비독성 자연형 하상재료를 이용하여 홍수시 수리조건을 반영하여 상류에서부터 사류까지 다양한 Froude 수에 따른 저항력에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구의 실험진행은 기 개발된 바닥응력을 직접측정하는 장치와 PIV시스템을 이용하여 수리특성을 측정하였다.(Park J.H. et al. 2016, Flow Measurment and instrumentation.) 또한 각각의 조건에 따른 수리학적 특성의 변화를 비교하였다. 하상 재료는 콘크리트를 배제한 자연형 제방이나 하상에 사용되는 재료를 이용하여 비교하였으며 Foude 수는 일반적인 흐름의 상류에서 홍수 시, 고유량에서 발생하는 사류까지 다양한 범위에서 실험을 진행하였으며, 이러한 재료와 Froude 수에 따른 토양 유실에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 토양 유실율의 측정 장비로는 초음파 변위계를 이용하여 실험 전, 후의 세굴심 변화를 이용하여 토양의 세굴면적을 수치화 시킨 수치로 적용하여 토양 유실율을 산정하였다.