• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.1 s.80
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• pp.10-19
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• 1997

Fusarium wilt of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is caused by the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (FOR) which mainly attacks Raphanus spp. The pathogen is a soil-borne and forms chlamydospores in infected plant residues in soil. Infected pathogen colonizes the vascular tissue, leading to necrosis of the vascular tissue. Growth promoting beneficial organisms such as Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374 (strain WCS374), P. putida RE10 (strain RE10) and Pseudomonas sp. EN415 (strain EN415) were used for microorganisms-mediated induction of systemic resistance in radish against Fusarium wilt. In this bioassy, the pathogens and bacteria were treated into soil separately or concurrently, and mixed the bacteria with the different level of combination. Significant suppression of the disease by bacterial treatments was generally observed in pot bioassy. The disease incidence of the control recorded 46.5% in the internal observation and 21.1% in the external observation, respectively. The disease incidence of P. putida RE10 recorded 12.2% in the internal observation and 7.8% in the external observation, respectively. However, the disease incidence of P. fluorescens WCS374 which was proved to be highly suppressive to Fusarium wilt indicated 45.6% in the internal observation and 27.8% in the external observation, respectively. The disease incidence of P. putida RE10 mixed with P. fluorescens WCS374 or Pseudomonas sp. EN415 was in the range of 10.0-22.1%. On the other hand, the disease incidence of P. putida RE10 mixed with Pseudomonas sp. EN415 was in the range of 7.8-20.2%. The colonization by FOR was observed in the range of $2.4-5.1{\times}10^3/g$ on the root surface and $0.7-1.3{\times}10^3/g$ in the soil, but the numbers were not statistically different. As compared with $3.8{\times}10^3/g$ root of the control, the colonization of infested ROR indicated $2.9{\times}10^3/g$ root in separate treatments of P. putida RE10, and less than $3.8{\times}10^3/g$ root of the control. Also, the colonization of FOR recorded $5.1{\times}10^3/g$ root in mixed treatments of 3 bacterial strains such as P. putida RE10, P. fluorescens WCS374 and Pseudomonas sp. EN415. The colonization of FOR in soil was less than that of FOR in root part. Based on soil or root part, the colonization of ROR didn't indicate a significant difference. The colonization of introduced 3 fluorescent pseudomonads was observed in the range of $2.3-4.0{\times}10^7/g$ in the root surface and $0.9-1.8{\times}10^7/g$ in soil, but the bacterial densities were significantly different. When growth promoting organisms were introduced into the soil, the population of Pseudomonas sp. in the root part treated with P. putida RE10 was similar in number to the control and recorded the low numerical value as compared with any other treatments. The population density of Pseudomonas sp. in the treatment of P. putida RE10 indicated significant differences in the root part, but didn't show significant differences in soil. The population densities of infested FOR and introduced bacteria on the root were high in contrast to those of soil. P. putida RE10 and Pseudomonas sp. EN415 used in this experiment appeared to induce the resistance of the host against Fusarium wilt.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1988

To investigate germination characteristics of soils on Fusarium species under different soil conditions, this study was carried out to test spore germination of 4 Fusarium species. Among 102 soil samples, spore germinations of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium, F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani and F. coccophilum were under 50% in 98, 85, 82 and 83 soil samples, respectively. The highest spore germination of F. solani f. sp. pisi, F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium and F. coccophilum was obtained in 21 soil samples of pH 5.1-6.0, whereas F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani was in 33 soil samples of pH 4.1-5.0. The highest spore germination of F. solani f. sp. pisi, F. coccophilum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium was obtained in 4 soil samples holding soil moisture content of 41-60%, while F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani was in 22 soil samples of 21-30%. F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani only showed a direct correlation(r=0.29) between spore germination and soil moisture content. On the basis of each spore germination in cultivated and non-cultivated soils, there was significant difference(p=0.01) in 4 Fusarium species. F. solani f. sp. pisi only indicated significant difference(p=0.0l) between two contrasting-soils, cultivated and non-cultivated soils. The numbers of microbial population were higher in soils suppressive to spore germination than soils conducive to spore germination.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the degree of slope according to cattle slurry (CS) application on productivity of herbage yield and nutrients runoff in mixed grassland. silage corn and environmental pollution in silage corn cultivation soil. Field study was conducted on the steel-made erosion apparatuses which consisted of various degree of slope, such as 0%, 8.75% and 17.50%, Dry matter yield and N yield of forages decreased as the degree of the slope increased, whereas N contents increased as the degree of slope increased. $NO_3-N$ and $PO_4-P$ concentrations from the surface run-off significantly elevated by increasing the slope during the experimental period (P<0.05). However, $NO_3-N$ and $PO_4-P$ concentrations $PO_4-P$ content from the surface run-off by application of CS maintained a low levels during the experimental period. In conclusion, com productivity and nutrient losses from run-off are significantly affected by heavy rainfall on the sloping land. The results of this study suggest that CS application in the sloping land can be an important source of pollution for surface water if intensity rainfall takes place within a short period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter yield and forage quality according to the seed mixture of annual legumes and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, IRG) on paddy field at the experimental field of Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services from 2007 to 2008. The five treatments used in this experiment were IRG single (cv. Kowinearly), IRG+Chinese milk vetch mixture, IRG + Crimson clover (cv. Linkarus) mixture, IRG + Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense cv. forage Pea) mixture and IRG + Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa. cv. Oregon Common) mixture. And the mixing ratio of Italian ryegrass + annual legumes were 70 : 30 as based mono seed rate. The dry matter (DM) percentage at harvest was 23.6~26.8%. The DM percentage among IRG single and mixture treatments were similar. The yields of fresh and CP were high in IRG + Forage pea mixtures as a 40,100 kg and 625 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). The yields of dry matter were high in IRG + Forage pea and IRG + hairy vetch pea mixtures as a 9,470 kg and 9,500 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). But the forage quality did not show difference between Italian ryegrass mono-culture and annual legumes mixture. The Av. $P_2O_5$ in IRG+Forage pea mixture was 78 mg/kg and concentration of K were 0.52~0.88. In conclusion, the mixture of IRG and Forage pea, dry matter yield, protein yield increased, and was effective in enhancing the stability of cultivation.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbicidin, new natural herbicidal substances, derived from soil actinomycetes Streptomyces scopuliridis. Several weed species were subjected to examine the germination inhibition and herbicidal activity at the concentration from 100 to 2,000 ppm. There was no selectivity in germination inhibition and herbicidal activity against crops. Germination of Echinochloa oryzoides, Digitaria ciliaris, Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus was inhibited completely when 7.81 ppm of extract was treated in petri dish. Pre-emergence application of herbicidin in soil condition showed low inhibition against weeds. However, post application of herbicidin in green house resulted in the necrosis of weeds at the concentration of 2,000 ppm. A. retroflexus was sensitive to herbicidin at the low concentration of 62.5 ppm, whereas E. oryzoides was tolerant to lower concentration of herbicidin until it became withered at the concentration of 2,000 ppm. In conclusion, herbicidal substances derived from S. scopuliridis herbicidin, which is consisted with herbicidin A and B, have dominant effect on germination and growth inhibition. On the other hand, herbicidin was insufficient to control gramineous weeds. In future, it will be needed to develop the combination of herbicidin with other herbicide or compounds to control gramineous weeds as well.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2013

'Mogwoo', a new high yield and whole crop silage rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea, from 1999 to 2009, and was released in 2010. It was derived in 1999 from a cross between Dasanbyeo, having a high yield, and Suweon431/IR71190-45-2-1. A promising line, SR25848-C99-1-2-1, selected by the pedigree breeding method, was designated the name of 'Suweon 519' in 2007. This cultivar has about 155 days of growth period from seeding to heading, and is tolerance to lodging, with erect pubescent leaves as well as a long and thick culm. This cultivar has the same number of tillers per hill and higher spikelet numbers per panicle compared to Nokyang. 'Mogwoo' has longer leaves compared with other Tongil-type varieties. This new variety is resistant to grain shattering, leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight, and small brown planthopper. The biomass yield of 'Mogwoo' was 1,956 kg/10a in a regional test over three years. The result shows that 'Mogwoo' is adaptable to central and south-east plain areas of Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.412-416
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• 2011

Taste sensation plays a crucial role in selecting and ingesting foods with different qualities which convey information about their nutrient content and/or safety. Sweetness is one of the five modalities in humans and serves as an energy resource for metabolism. There are reports on allelic polymorphisms which influence perception of sweetness in mice and humans. Since the influence of genetic factors on taste disorder has not been studied, we investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms in TAS1R3 and guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 3 (GNAT3) genes and taste disorder. A total of 150 individuals composed of 50 patients with taste disorder and 100 healthy controls were recruited for the study and PCR-mediated directing sequencing method was used to genotype for two different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) - rs307355 (T>C) and rs35744813 (T>C) in the TAS1R3 gene, and rs7792845 (T>C) and rs1524600 (C>T) in the the GNAT3 gene. The allele and genotype frequencies of rs307355 and rs35744813 in the TAS1R3 gene showed a significant association between patients with taste disorder (p=0.022 and p=0.013 in both of SNPs, respectively). In addition, the frequency of T-T haplotype in the TAS1R3 gene was higher in taste disorder cases than in the controls (OR, 1.93: 95%. CI, 1.09-3.39, p=0.022). In the GNAT3, the genotype frequency of rs7792845 in the patients was also different from the controls (p=0.048), but allele frequency was not significantly associated in either group. Our result provides the frequencies of SNPs and haplotypes of the TAS1R3 and GNAT3 genes for the fundamental information of nutrigenetics in perception of the taste of sweetness in the Korean population. Also, the study suggests that the allelic polymorphisms of TAS1R3 and GNAT3 genes may be useful as a molecular marker for evaluating patients with taste disorder. Further studies with large samples are required to clarify our observation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.747-756
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• 1999

Background: Acid-fast stain and cultures for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis are primary and essential method, but have their limitation : low sensitivity and time consuming. The objective of this study is comparison of amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test(MTD) by the conventional AFB smears and cultures in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens. Methods: During the period between November, 1997 and May, 1998 a total of 267 respiratory specimens (sputum 173, bronchial washing 94) from 187 patients suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were subjected to AFB smears, cultures and MID test. MID is based on nucleic acid amplification. We compared the MID with 3% Ogawa culture method. In positive AFB smear and negative MID specimen, positive culture identification between nontuberculous mycobacterium and M.tuberculosis was assesed by using Accuprobe M.tuberculosis complex probe. In negative AFB smear and negative AFB culture, MTD results are assessed by clinical follow-up. Results : 1) Compared with culture in sputum and bronchial fluid specimens, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in positive AFB smear is 79.7% and 20.0%, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in negative AFB smear specimens is 75.0% and 79.7%. 2) Discrepant analysis is assessed by clinical follow-up and other specimen results beyond study. Culture negative but MTD positive specimens were proved to be true positive and gave MTD sensitivity 79.2%, specificity of 84.4%, positive predictive value 80.5% and negative predictive value 83.2%. 3) 14 out of 31 specimens in negative AFB smear, negative AFB culture and positive MTD showed pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed on clinical follow-up and sensitivity is 45.2%. 4) 2 out of 13 specimens in positive AFB smear, positive AFB culture and negative MID diagnosed as non tuberculous mycobacterium by Accuprobe culture. Conclusion: This study suggested that MID in respiratory specimens is simple and rapid diagnostic method, but considered adjuvant method rather than replace the conventional AFB smear and culture.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2003

Purpose : The present study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of cerebral diffusion (DWI) and perfusion MR imaging (PWI) in rabbit models with hyperacute cerebral ischemic infarction. Materials and Methods : Experimental cerebral infarction were induced by direct injection of mixture of Histoacryl glue, lipiodol, and tungsten powder into the internal cerebral artery of 6 New-Zealand white rabbits, and they underwent conventional T1 and T2 weighted MR imaging, DWI, and PWI within 1 hour after the occlusion of internal cerebral artery. The PWI scan for each rabbit was obtained at the level of lateral ventricle and 1cm cranial to the basal ganglia. By postprocessing using special imaging software, perfusion images including cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) maps were obtained. The detection of infarcted lesion were evaluated on both perfusion maps and DWI. MTT difference time were measured in the perfusion defect lesion and symmetric contralateral normal cerebral hemisphere. Results : In all rabbits, there was no abnormal signal intensity on T2WI. But on DWI, abnormal high signal intensity, suggesting cerebral infarction, were detected in all rabbits. PWI (rCBV, CBF and MTT map) also showed perfusion defect in all rabbits. In four rabbits, the calculated square of perfusion defect in MTT map is larger than that of CBF map and in two rabbits, the calculated size of perfusion defect in MTT map and CBF map is same. Any rabbits do not show larger perfusion defect on CBF map than MTT map. In comparison between CBF map and DWI, 3 rabbits show larger square of lesion on CBF map than on DWI. The others shows same square of lesion on both technique. The size of lesion shown in 6 MTT map were larger than DWI. In three cases, the size of lesion shown in CBF map is equal to DWI. But these were smaller than MTT map. The calculated square of lesion in CBF map, equal to that of DWI and smaller than MTT map was three. And in one case, the calculated square of perfusion defect in MTT map was largest, and that of DWI was smallest. Conclusion : DWI and PWI may be useful in diagnosing hyperacute cerebral ischemic infarction and in e-valuating the cerebral hemodynamics in the rabbits.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2009

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the clinical results of the Latarjet procedure for treating anterior shoulder instability combined with a glenoid bone defect. Materials and Methods: Between Oct. 2006 and May. 2007, fourteen patients underwent a Latarjet operation to treat their anterior shoulder instability combined with a glenoid bone defect. The mean follow-up period was 15 months (range: 12 to 19 months), and the average age at the time of surgery was 29.9-years-old (range: 19 to 44 years). There were 13 males and 1 female. Eight patients exhibited involvement of the right shoulder. The dominant arm was involved in 8 patients. Six patients had undergone a previous arthroscopic Bankart repair before their Latarjet operation and 2 patients had a history of seizure. Results: The average Rowe score improved from 51.8 to 80.2 with 9 excellent, 4 good, and 1 fair results. The average Korean shoulder score for instability improved from 61.6 to 82.1 postoperatively. The active forward flexion and external rotation at the side of the involved shoulder was an average of $8^{\circ}$ and $16^{\circ}$ less than that of the uninvolved shoulder. The muscle strength of the involved shoulder measured 78.7% in forward flexion and 82.5% in external rotation, as compared with that of the uninvolved shoulder. There was 1 case of dislocation, 1 transient subluxation, 2 fibrotic unions, 1 resorption of the transferred coracoid process, 1 intraoperative broken bone, 1 transient musculocutaneous nerve injury and 1 case of stiffness. Conclusion: The Latarjet procedure for treating anterior shoulder instability combined with a significant glenoid defect effectively restores function and stability through extending the articular arc at the expense of external rotation. We should be cautious to avoid or detect complications when performing coracoid transfer.