• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.39-45
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• 1994

스치로폴은 발포폴리스티렌(EPS : Expanded Poly-Styrene)을 말하며, 이것은 스티렌모노머(Stone Monomer)를 중합하여 만든 플리스티렌과 여기에 첨가한 발포제가 주원료로 되어 있다. 폴리스티렌은 1930년대에 미국과 독일에서 공업화되었고 스치로폴은 1943년 초에 미국에서 공업화가 이루어져 건물의 단열재, 물품포장재 등으로 이용되어 왔다. 1972년에는 노르웨이에서 연약지반상 교량의 접속도로 보수공사에 처음 스치로폴 성토공법이 이용되어 교대의 측방유동 방지대책으로 성공을 거둠에 따라 연약지반상의 경량성 토재 및 토압을 받는 옹벽, 교대 등 구조물의 경량 뒷채움재로서 각광을 받게 되었다. 한편 우리나라에서는 1994. 6월에 한국지반 공학회 주최로 개최된 "발포폴리스티렌(EPS) 이용 성토공법 국제심포지엄"에서 양산-구포간 고속도로성토(L=70m) 및 서해안고속도로의 교대 뒷채움에 스치로폴 경량성토재가 이용된 문헌이 발표된 바 있으며, 시중에서 단열재용으로 판매되고 있는 스티로폴 평판의 규격은 표 1과 같다. 스치로폴은 그 가격이 비싼 편이지만 단위중량(20-40kgf/m$^3$)이 흑의 50/1-100/1 밖에 안되는 초경량재로서 강도, 내구성 및 시공성이 우수한 성토용 신재료이기 때문에 연약지반상에서 구조물 시공시 지반의 과대한 침하, 측방유동 및 사면활동 등이 생길 경우 도로성 토재 또는 교대, 옹벽 등 구조물의 뒷채움재로서 스치로폴을 사용하면 이를 방지할 수 있으므로 매우 효과적인 토목자재라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 지금까지의 연구결과, 시험시공 및 시공실적 등을 토대로 발표된 참고문헌을 중심으로 연약지반상 스치로폴 성토공법의 설계방법에 대하여 간단히 소개하고자 한다. 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.190-194
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• 1982

The differences in soil productivity between the cut site and the fill site in a newly reclaimed land were compared with the experimental results conducted during 1978 to 1980 under soybean-barley and sweet potato-barley cropping systems. The results were summerized as follows; The bulk density of the cut site was near $1.5g/cm^3$ with the hardness above 23mm by Yamanaka method and that of the fill site was $1.3g/cm^3$ with the hardness of 14mm at the first year of reclaiming. The bulk densities and soil hardnesses asymptotically approched to $1.4g/cm^3$ and 19mm, respectively. The chemical productivity of the fill site was also significantly higher than that of the cut site. Differently from the bulk density and hardness, chemical compositions of the fill site maintained high untill the third year of cropping. The yields of soybean, sweet potato and barley from the cut site at the first year were very poor and, thereafter, were remarkably increased by 2 to 9 times at the third year of cropping while those from the fill site maintained high from the first year to the third year of cropping.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2004

Farmers typically apply the dressed soil (coarse saprolite) for various reasons in the sloped upland with high altitude in Kangwon province. However, little researches on the impacts of application of dressed soil in uplands were conducted. Therefore, it is necessary to assess soil quality in this area and to study adverse effects on soil and water due to application of dressed soil. Coarse saprolite itself showed signiScantly poor chemical properties, Particularly P and organic matter contents were not enough for crops to grow. With respect to biological qualities such as enzyme activity and microbial population, coarse saprolite itself showed poor qualities. For example, bacterial population in coarse saprolite contains six times or ten times smaller populations. Based on survey at Jawoon-ri in Hongchon-gun, this region is susceptible for soil erosion due to massive amounts of coarse saprolite application, undesirably long slope length, etc. When weestimated soil loss, more than 40% of farming field in this region exceeded $11.2MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. According to experiment by installing sediment basins. the sediment basin with up-down tillage and application with dressed soil had the highest soil loss and runofT, while the sediment basin with contour tillage and without soil dressing showed the lowest soil erosion and runoff.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2004

As one of the typical farming practices in the sloped upland in Pyeongchang and Hongcheon area, application of piling with coarse saprolite materials has been practiced by farmers for several reasons such as reduction of damage by monocropping, better development of plant roots, and better drainage. However, adverse effect on application of coarse saprolite soil materials to environmental aspects should not be ignored. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties of coarse saprolite materials in upland fields in Pyeongchang area. According to particle size distribution of coarse saprolite materials, averaged gravel contents for Pyeongchang and Hongcheon county were 16.7 and 25.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in gravel contents by soil depth, and CV values for each particle size ranged from 20 to 40%, which implied that application of coarse material with similar properties. When we compared CEC values of dressed soil with or without considering gravel content, CEC values decreased as increasing gravel contents. The penetration resistances were 0.04-7.48 MPa at the 0 to 10 cm surface soil, and 0.10 to 8.80 MPa at the depth below 11 cm. The bulk density of the soil was $1.15g\;cm^{-3}$ at the surface soil and 1.29 to $1.35g\;cm^{-3}$ at the soil depth below 10 cm. The organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, and avaliable $P_2O_5$ concentrations of soil in upland where piling with saprolite materials of Pyeongchang area applied were $12.4g\;kg^{-1}$, $7.1cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $526mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Cation exchange capacity was lower than that of averaged Korean upland soil, while available $P_2O_5$ concentration was relatively higher than that of averaged Korean upland, which indicated high input of various fertilizers.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2009

When embankments are constructed on soft clay deposit, unsymmetrical surcharges due to embankments may generate the excessive vertical settlement and lateral deformation of soft clay foundation. The excessive deformations in soft grounds cause not only stability problem of the embankment itself but also that of the adjacent structures. The objectives of this research are to study the deformational behavior of soft ground due to the embankment load with different loading and soil conditions. Five model tests are carried out with different test conditions. From the results of the model tests, it is concluded that the lateral displacement induced by the embankment load occurs in the range of two times of the embankment width from a toe. In addition, the relationship between loading rate, v, and the vertical settlement of the soft ground, ${\Delta}s$, and the lateral displacement at the toe of embankment, ${\Delta}y_m$, is investigated based on the model test results.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.83-96
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• 2001

선행압밀공법에서 지반으로부터 배출되는 물을 신속히 배수시키기 위해 연약지반상에 수평배수층을 설치한다. 종전의 연구에 의하면(예, Giroud(1981), 한국도로공사(1998)), 배수층의 통수능은 성토하중의 성토기간 또는 압밀속도의 영향을 받으며, 성토기간이 짧을 때에는 과다한 배수능이 요구된다. 이 논문에서는 선행압밀공법에 적용 가능한 새로운 압밀해석방법을 사용하여 소요통수능을 재검토하고 새로운 실용공식을 제안하였다. 전반적인 압밀침하량이 5%이내에서 지연될 때에는 소요통수능은 성토기간의 영향을 받지 않는다는 것을 알게 되었다. 또한 소요통수량은 압축지수, 압밀계수 및 수평배수층의 배수거리의 제곱에 비례한다는 것도 밝혀졌다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 1997

This study was conducted to select appropriate woody species and to propose appropriate woody species and to propose appropriate mounding hight through analysis of soil characteristics, planting state, draining state, growth amount and injured index of woody species. Soil acidity was pH 5.9~7.4, as alkaline soil. The state of draining was proved to be inappropriate for the growth of woody species because of bad draining state. Injured index of woody species were Prunus serrulata var, spontanea in deciduous tree because of polluted water leaked from sanitary landfill and density of planting tree. Appropriate mounding heignt of the planted area which was itensive injured wood species was not less than 80cm. Appropreate woody species in wanggyoi-dong apartment complex were Zelkova serrata, Acer trifloum, Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Ailanthus altissima and appropriate mounding height was not less than 50~60cm.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

In this study, the centrifuge tests were performed to investigate the lateral flow behavior and stability of the ground improved by SCP. The centrifuge tests were fulfilled in the case of the back of abutment filled by EPS (case 1) and soil (case 2), and the potentiometer was installed on the abutment and embankment to measure the vertical and horizontal displacement at the top of abutment. As a result, the vertical displacement measured at the back of abutment was maximum 2.1 m, which was about 12% if compared with the height of embankment. In the case of the back of abutment filled by soil, the vertical and horizontal displacement measured at the top of abutment was 10 cm and 1.1 m, respectively, which exceeded the allowable horizontal displacement. On the other hand, in the case of the back of abutment filled by EPS, the vertical displacement of abutment did nor occur and the horizontal displacement was 1.4 cm. Therefore, the effect of SCP improvement with EPS method adopted to prevent the lateral flow and assure the stability of embankment on the soft ground was far superior.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 2006

Light weight filling method prevents settlement of ground by decreasing the weight of fills. This method is increasingly used for it's convenience and workability. Styrofoam is increasingly used as a lightweight filling material in soft ground. The beneficial effects of the use of EPS derive from minimizing the stress increment, increasing the bearing capacity and reducing the settlement. For this study, model test and FEM analysis of bearing capacity is carried out composing two-layered ground with clay in the lower layer and lightweight filling material in upper layer. Based on the results obtained here in this study, it is concluded that the use of recycled EPS beads is acceptable lightweight fill. Light weight fills used for disposal is superior to typical embankment fills in bearing capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.207-220
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• 1999

Model tests were performed to investigate the failure modes in embankments on soft ground supported by piles with cap beams. In the model tests, Jumunjin standard sand was placed on simulated cap beams and soft ground. The cap beams are placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the embankment. The colored sand and the Jmniin standard sand were placed one after the other above cap beams and soft ground to make lateral stripes with 3mm thickness in the embarkment. The colored sand was prepared by coating the Jumunjin sand with black lead powder. The photographs illustrate the two characteristic modes of failure in embarkments. One is the soil arching failure and the other is the punching shear failure. The failure mode depends on the height of embankment and the space between cap beams. That is, if the embankment is high enough compared with the space between cap beams, it will fail in arching failure. On the other hand if the embarkment is relatively low or the space between piles is too wide, it will fail in punching shear failure. The soil arching develops in embarkment as a semicylindrical arch with a thickness equal to the width of the cap beam. And the soil wedge developed above the cap beams remains intact during both arching and punching failures. The boundary of punching shear failure of the displaced soil mass can be defined on the basis of observation of the photographs.