Soil Characteristics of the Saprolite Piled Upland Fields at Highland in Gangwon Province

강원도 고랭지의 석비레 성토지 토양 특성

  • Park, Chol-Soo (National Institute of Alpine Agriculture, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Yeong-Sang (Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Joo, Jin-Ho (Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yang, Jae-E (Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University)
  • 박철수 (농촌진흥청 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 정영상 (강원대학교 생물환경학부) ;
  • 주진호 (강원대학교 생물환경학부) ;
  • 양재의 (강원대학교 생물환경학부)
  • Received : 2003.12.07
  • Accepted : 2004.01.08
  • Published : 2004.04.30

Abstract

As one of the typical farming practices in the sloped upland in Pyeongchang and Hongcheon area, application of piling with coarse saprolite materials has been practiced by farmers for several reasons such as reduction of damage by monocropping, better development of plant roots, and better drainage. However, adverse effect on application of coarse saprolite soil materials to environmental aspects should not be ignored. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties of coarse saprolite materials in upland fields in Pyeongchang area. According to particle size distribution of coarse saprolite materials, averaged gravel contents for Pyeongchang and Hongcheon county were 16.7 and 25.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in gravel contents by soil depth, and CV values for each particle size ranged from 20 to 40%, which implied that application of coarse material with similar properties. When we compared CEC values of dressed soil with or without considering gravel content, CEC values decreased as increasing gravel contents. The penetration resistances were 0.04-7.48 MPa at the 0 to 10 cm surface soil, and 0.10 to 8.80 MPa at the depth below 11 cm. The bulk density of the soil was $1.15g\;cm^{-3}$ at the surface soil and 1.29 to $1.35g\;cm^{-3}$ at the soil depth below 10 cm. The organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, and avaliable $P_2O_5$ concentrations of soil in upland where piling with saprolite materials of Pyeongchang area applied were $12.4g\;kg^{-1}$, $7.1cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $526mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Cation exchange capacity was lower than that of averaged Korean upland soil, while available $P_2O_5$ concentration was relatively higher than that of averaged Korean upland, which indicated high input of various fertilizers.

강원도 고랭지 원예작물 재배지 일대에 성행하고 있는 화강암류의 풍화모재(석비레) 성토 밭토양은 일종의 인위토(Anthrosols)를 이루고 있고. 이들은 환경훼손과 토사 및 양분유출의 문제점을 안고 있다. 이들의 이화학을 조사한 결과, 고랭지 석비 성토 밭토양의 자갈함량은 평창지역이 평균 16.7%, 홍천지역이 25.3%로 조사되었다. 평창지역 석비레 성토지의 토양 경도는 0-10 cm 깊이에서 0.04-7.48 MPa이었고, 11-40 cm 깊이에서 0,10-8.89 MPa로 표토와 심토 모두 변이가 매우 심하게 나타났으며, 용적밀도는 0-10 cm 깊이에서 평균 $1.15g\;cm^{-3}$이었으며, 11-40 cm 깊이에서 $1.32g\;cm^{-3}$이었다. 그리고 양이온교환용량과 유기물 함량은 각각 $7.1cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$$12.4g\;kg^{-1}$으로 낮았고, 유효인산의 함량은 $526mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 다소 높게 나타났다. 홍천지역 석비레 성토지의 양이온치환용량은 $7.0cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$으로 낮았고, 유기물함량과 유효인산은 각각 $462mg\;kg^{-1}$$27.4g\;kg^{-1}$으로 적정 수준이었다. 강원도 고랭지의 석비례 성토지의 이화학성을 전국 밭토양의 평균치와 비교한 결과, 유기물, 교환성양이온과 점토의 함량이 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 교환성양이온은 차이가 없었으며, 유효인산의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 화강암 풍화모재 성토지는 양이온교환용량이 낮은 입자로 이루어져 있고, 점토의 함량이 낮아서 응집력과 양분을 보유할 수 있는 능력이 대단히 취약하기 때문에 토사와 양분유실을 일으키므로 토양관리와 수질에 대한 관리가 시급한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 모재성토지에 대한 화학적 물리적 평가가 정밀하게 이루어져서 모재 성토에 대한 대안을 마련하고, 토양의 유실과 양분의 손실을 저감시킬 수 있는 방법의 개발이 빠른 시일 내에 적용되어야 모재를 성토하여 영농활동을 하는 고랭지 밭에서 환경친화형 지속농업이 실현될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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