• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.626-631
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• 2006

본 연구는 2006년 7월 집중호우에 의해 많은 인적.물적 피해가 발생한 강원도 지역의 피해 현장을 조사하였으며, 그 중 성토사면붕괴를 붕괴유형별로 구분하고 발생원인과 특성을 분석하여 그에 따른 적절한 대책방안을 제시하였다. 집중호우에 의한 성토사면의 붕괴유형 중 토석류에 의한 도로횡단 배수구조물의 기능상실로 유수가 노면으로 침출되고 수압이 발생하여 도로가 유실된 유형과 하천선형 불량으로 만곡수충부(물이 직접 부딪히는 부분)에서 유속이 빨라져 세굴에 의한 붕괴가 전체성토붕괴사면의 83%를 차지하였다. 이에 대한 대책방안으로는 토석류를 계곡상부에서 부터 예방할 수 있는 방법으로 사방댐 및 그물망 공법 등이 좋은 대책방안이 될 수 있으며, 토석류에 의한 유송잡물을 모두 통과할 수 있도록 충분히 큰 배수시설을 설치하는 방법도 좋은 대책방안이 될 수 있다. 무엇보다 열대성 국지 폭우를 이제 일상의 한반도 기후현상으로 받아들여 주먹구구식의 일회성 대책방안을 지양하고 바뀐 강우특성과 빈도를 고려하여 계획 홍수위를 재산정하고 그에 따라 하천정비계획을 재검토해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop prediction model for fill slope failure of forest road in igneous rock area using fuzzy theory which is non-linear model. The results were summarized as follows. The importance weight of factors on fill slope failure was ranked in the order of fill slope length, fill slope gradient, soil type, aspect, road position and longitudinal slope form. The degree of potential slope failure was high mainly under the such conditions as fill slope length greater than 8m, fill slope gradients steeper than $40^{\circ}$, constituent material with weathered rock, aspect of NE and road on ridge position. The optimal prediction model was developed with 0.15 of optimal coefficient(c) and 3.1165 of ${\lambda}$-value when fuzzy integral value of slope failure possibility is more than 0.5. And the discriminant accuracy was 86.8%, which shows the high availability for discrimination.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the fill slope failure possibility of forest road in Metamorphic rock area using fuzzy theory which is non-linear model. The results were summarized as follows. The potential slope failure by nine factors was mainly occurred under the such conditions as the total road width ranging from 4m to 5m, longitudinal gradients below $2^{\circ}$, fill slope length greater than 8m, fill slope gradients steeper than $40^{\circ}$, road on ridge position, soil types with weathered rock, slope gradients steeper than $40^{\circ}$, aspect of NW, and longitudinal slope form in convexity. The weight of importance by factors on fill slope failure was ranked in the order of fill slope length, fill slope gradient, road position, soil type, aspect and longitudinal slope form. The analysis showed that the fill slope failure possibility was low with less than 0.485 of the fuzzy integral value and high with more than 0.620 of the value. And the discriminant accuracy was 74.6%. The analysis with six out of nine factors indicated that the possibility was low with less than 0.441 of the fuzzy integral value and high with more than 0.583 of the value. In this case, the discriminant accuracy was slightly increased to 78.0%.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the suitable gradient and length of the slope from the landslide of banking slope and cutting slope caused by rainfall. The survey was carried out on forest road built in 1986. And the period of survey was from June, 1989 to August, 1989 after dividing the forest road into A and B. The survey plots consisted of the 12 banking slopes and 6 cutting slopes. The results obtained from the study were summarized as follows; 1. The rate of landslide appeared 75% in A forest road, 50% in B forest road, and then the average 67% in A and B forest road. But the value of landslide showed considerably low. 2. Because of landslide chiefly occuring on banking slope of $36^{\circ}{\sim}38^{\circ}$ and on cutting slope of $42^{\circ}{\sim}43^{\circ}$, it is suitable to decide the banking slope and cutting slope below each $36^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. 3. Landslide was the same on banking slopes through the length of slope. The best suitable length of slope is below 4m in cutting slope.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.240-248
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• 1999

On the basis of data obtained from five forest roads collapsed due to a heavy rainfall of 1995 in Chunchon, Kangwon-do, this study was carried out to evaluate and predict the fill slope failure of forest roads with four factors of forest road structure and those of location condition by using Quantification theory(II). The results were summarized as follows ; In the structure factors of forest road, the fill slope failure was mainly occurred in longitudinal gradients less than $2^{\circ}$ or more than $4^{\circ}$, distance of surface-flow longer than 80m, fill slope length greater than 6m, and fill slope gradients steeper than $35^{\circ}$. In the factors of location condition, the failure was mainly occurred in ridge portion of road position, weathered rock and soft rock of constituent material, slope gradients in the range from $35^{\circ}$ to $45^{\circ}$, and concave and convex of longitudinal slope forms. The priority order for factors influencing on fill slope failure was ranked by fill slope length, constituent material, road position, and so on. And the rate of correct discrimination by analysis of fill slope failure was estimated at the high prediction of 86.5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2007.09a
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• pp.581-587
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• 2007

작년 7월 태풍 에위니아와 집중적인 호우는 강원도 지역에 많은 피해를 주었으며, 특히 강원도 인제, 양양, 평창 등의 지역에서 수십 명의 인명피해와 재산피해를 발생시켰다. 이로 인해 집중호우로 인한 사면 붕괴 및 산사태, 토석류 발생사례 및 하천과 인접한 도로 성토사면 붕괴 사례 등의 조사가 실시되고 수집된 자료를 분석, 문제점 제시 및 많은 대책방안들이 도출되었다. 이에 본고는 작년 수해현장들을 다시 찾아 수해복구 방법들을 조사하였으며, 수해복구사례를 소개함으로써 매년 여름철 발생되는 집중호우에 의한 자연재해 예방에 몸 담고 있는 관련자 및 토목기술자들에게 수해 저감 및 대책방안에 대한 일례를 전하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2004

The study of seepage behavior is very important to slope stability of road landfill for heavy rainfall season. This study is done to propose more stable of road landfill based on analysis of seepage behavior and slope stability for some cases of road landfill. The selected sections of collapsed road landfill are most general case of road landfill, a case is landfill on the ground area and another case is on the slope area. The results of this study is summarized as follows. It is founded that the road landfill on the ground area is increased saturation region due to rainfall infiltration, and the seepage behavior of road landfill is solved by theory of unsaturated flow. The road landfill is more unstable due to rainfall infiltration at the slope surface, especially during heavy rainfall. The case of road landfill on the slope area is analyzed in consideration of slope surface infiltration, and it is founded that the slope instability is increased because of rainfall infiltration. The drain layer located on the original ground which made by more permeable materials could be good action of slope stability in the case of road landfill on the slope area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.354-365
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• 1993

The purpose of this investigation is to point out the physical fixation and stability of banking slopes of forest roads by invasion of trees. We investigated the situations of sediment discharge and coverage of invaded trees at banking slopes of forest roads. The coverage of invaded trees were calculated from crown injection based on the stable slope and was compared with length of slope, slope gradient, and passage years after construction of forest road. 1. We investigated on the sediment discharge and the invasion of trees at banking slopes, which were actually observed 8 forest roads of Kyonggi-Do and Kangwon-Do. 2. There was no physical stability of the banking slope due to the surface erosion and slope failure, but the tree invasions were active at the stable plots. 3. The length of slope was constructed to 4.0m to 61.0m and recent forest road was mainly constructed to the slopes longer than 30m. There was strong regional effect between the length of slope and the coverage of invaded trees and the above two factors were inversely proportional to each other. 4. There was no significant relationship between the slope gradient and the coverage of invaded trees and the slope constructed within the angle of repose showed the relatively high coverage of invaded trees. 5. There was no significant relationship between the passage years and the coverage of invaded trees in the same investigative region after the construction of forest road. But there was a gradually increasing relationship of tree invasion between above two factors. However, there was some limitation to expect the invasion of the tree species. 6. In the light of the above results, we suggest that the construction of forest road may need foundation work and vegetation work simultaneously for the physical stability to make the environment of tree plantation and that the reasonable increase of construction cost of forest road may be prior to the other factors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1241-1245
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• 2006

절 성토사면에 구조물을 설치할 경우 가장 중요하게 고려되어야 하는 점은 사면의 안정성 여부이다. 특히, 절 성토사면에 설치된 구조물이 붕괴되는 가장 큰 원인은 뒷채움재 내에 존재하는 수압의 영향이라는 것을 우리는 이미 많은 연구와 경험을 통해 알고 있다. 만일 지하수위가 존재하는 상태에서 단시간에 발생되는 집중호우로 인해 수위가 갑자기 상승하였을 경우, 구조물을 통해 전혀 배수되지 않는다면 절 성토사면의 안정성은 급격히 저하될 것이다. 이러한 사면의 배수압을 소산시킬 수 있는 공법은 여러 가지가 있으나, 본 연구에서는 특히 제주도의 지역적 특성을 고려하여 화산석을 채움재로 사용한 Mattress/Filter를 절 성토사면에 설치함으로써 배수압을 소산시킬 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. Mattress/Filter는 제방 또는 절 성토사면의 파괴와 침식을 방지하기 위해 사면에 설치하는 육각형의 철망구조로서 유연성, 다공성, 배수성 및 식생성과 같은 특징이 있으며, 콘크리트 구조물과 달리 별도의 배수시설을 필요로 하지 않는 장점이 있다. 또한 본 연구에 사용된 Mattress/Filter의 채움재인 화산석은 현재 제주도 지역에 방대하게 분포되어 있다. 특히 현무암은 제주도 암석 전체의 90%이상을 차지하고 있으며, 투수성이 매우 큰 암석이다. 현무암의 공극률은 그 종류에 따라 $0.02{\sim}0.36$의 범위로 나타난다. 특히, 표선리현무암의 경우 평균 공극률이 0.23으로 나타나 모래의 공극률인 $0.3{\sim}0.8$에 비교하여 볼 때, 연구에 사용된 재료는 아주 우수한 투수성을 가진 것으로 판명된다. 또한 현무암의 경우 암석의 겉 표면이 미세한 다공질 조직으로 이루어져 있다. 따라서 암석자체에 물이 정체될 수 있어 구조물을 통해 배수될 때 암석이 머금고 있는 물로 인해 추가적으로 발생하는 중력은 다른 재료가 가지지 못한 화산석의 또 다른 장점이라 할 수 있다.서는 자료변환 및 가공이 필요하다. 즉, 각 상습침수지구에 필요한 지형도는 국립지리원에서 제작된 1:5,000 수치지형도가 있으나 이는 자료가 방대하고 상습침수지구에 필요하지 않은 자료들을 많이 포함하고 있으므로 상습침수지구의 데이터를 인터넷을 통해 서비스하기 위해서는 많은 불필요한 레이어의 삭제, 서비스 속도를 고려한 데이터의 일반화작업, 지도의 축소.확대 등 자료제공 방식에 따른 작업 그리고 가시성을 고려한 심볼 및 색채 디자인 등의 작업이 수반되어야 하며, 이들을 고려한 인터넷용 GIS기본도를 신규 제작한다. 상습침수지구와 관련된 각종 GIS데이타와 각 기관이 보유하고 있는 공공정보 가운데 공간정보와 연계되어야 하는 자료를 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 단계별 구축전략이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 상습침수구역관련 정보를 검색, 처리 및 분석할 수 있는 상습침수 구역 종합정보화 시스템을 구축토록 하였다.N, 항목에서 보 상류가 높게 나타났으나, 철거되지 않은 검전보나 안양대교보에 비해 그 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전략을 개발 및 활용할 수 있으며, 특히, 한국주식시장에 적합한 거래전략은 반전거래전략이고, 이 전략의 유용성은 투자자가 설정한 투자기간보다 더욱 긴 분석기간의 주식가격정보에 의하여 최대한 발휘될 수 있음을 확인하였다.(M1), 무역적자의 폭, 산업

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1987

Forest road (10 Km) constructed for the demonstrational purpose by Forest Work Training Center (F.T.C.) in 1984 was partly damaged through the roadside landside and ditch erosion by the typhoon in 1986. The causes were investigated to apply for protecting against the damage of mountain forest road. The damaging length caused by roadside landside is around 3% out of total length of 10 Km forest road, and mostly coming from the curve road filled up more than 10 m slope length on the concave mountain slope, partly from the foot of fillslope along the ever-following valley and from the both side of fillslope under the outlet of culvert with ever-flowing water. In case of ditch erosion, the big damage at V-type ditch is coming from the overflow of valley water flowing down along the inside slope. Other problem is also showing in the steepness of longitudial gradient, which is felt as a problem in road to be constructed under more than 10 persent of gradient. Other cause of ditch erosion is coming from the bury of sand basin (water collecting wall) by the debris in small diameter culvert zone, namely less than 400mm, in diameter and by the soil mass slumped down from steep wall slope. From above results the causes of F.T.C. model road damage is showing to come from no-following the general guide or little experience to protect against the forest road damage. When improved above mentioned mistakes, F.T.C. Method of mountain forest road type could be developed as a model of Mountain forest road.