• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.595-598
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• 2015

오늘날 선박, 항공, 자동차산업 등의 복합화로 인하여 내장형 소프트웨어의 중요성이 크게 대두되고 있다. 중요도가 높아질수록 고장 현상 발생률이 증가하고 이에 따른 오류나 고장에 대한 영향도 급증하기 때문에, 신뢰성이 그만큼 중요하게 되었다. 신뢰성의 부특성에는 성숙성, 오류허용성, 회복성, 준수성이 있고, 이에 따라 품질평가 항목 메트릭이 제시되어 있다. 신뢰성 평가 기준은 수리적 난해함과 데이터 수집에 관한 문제에 부딪혀 적용하는 데에 어려움이 따르는 실정이다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 품질평가 메트릭의 새로운 방안을 제시하였다. 기존에 제시되어 있는 대표적인 신뢰성 모델 두 가지 NHPP(Non-Homogeneous Poisson process) Model과 Jelinski-Moranda Model의 결과 값과 제시한 방법을 토대로 나온 결과 값을 비교하여 타당성을 입증한다. 기존의 난해한 방법을 이용하지 않고도 정확한 평가 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.58-74
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• 1983

요꼬가와흡충을 수감염시켰을 태의 탕병증을 관찰하고자 은어로부터 분리한 피예유충을 모두 20마리의 개를 복용하여 인공감염 실험을 실시하였다. 이들 개를 대조군, 감염군, 재감염군으로 나눈 다음 18마리의 개에 10,000개씩 피설유충을 일차감염시켜 그중 5마리는 5일, 1주, 4주 및 6주에 도살하였으며 9주후에 다시 5,000개의 피예유충을 먹인 재감락수의 개 13마리는 1일, 3일, 5일, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주 및 8주에 각각 도살하였다. 일차감염군과 재감염군에 있어서 충체회수률과 분포를 관찰하였다. 또한 이들 사병변의 소견을 호오적, 광학현미경 및 주사현미경적으로 관찰하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 충체회수률은 일차감염군에서 19.8%∼37.8%로 평균 충체회수률은 28.9%이었다. 한편 재감염상의 1일, 3일 및 5일에서의 미성숙 충체회수률은 6.3%∼16.3%로 평균 충체회수률은 12.9%이었으며, 성숙 충체회수률은 21.4%∼26.2%로 평균 충체회수률은 23.6%로 나타나 미성숙충체와 성숙충체 회수률의 비는 1 : 1.83이었다. 충체의 기생부위는 일차감염군에서 십이지장, 공장 및 회장상부에 한정되었으나 재감염군에서는 회장하부까지 연장되었다. 2. 상한적 병리소견으로 장관의 확장, 가로주름의 소실, 개수상의 장내용물, 장막림프절 및 Peyer씨 림프조직의 고대가 일차감영군의 5일 및 1주에 나타났으나 4주후에는 거의 소실되었다. 재감염군에서도 이들 소견이 초기에 나타났으나 일차감염군과 비교하면 그 소견이 농징하였으며 2주후에는 소실되었다. 3. 현징경적 병리소견으로 초기의 병변은 소정막에 국한되었으며 선와상피의 비후를 동반한 융모위축과 기질와 변화, 염증세계침윤 및 부종형성이 관찰되었다. 한편 재감염군에 있어서 정막 특히 섬모의 변화는 일차감염군과 비교할 때 그 소견이 경미하였다. 4. 주사현미경적으로 일차감염군에 있어서 섬모위축이 재확인되었으며 융모사이에서 충체를 발견할 수 있었다. 6주후에는 섬모가 거의 정상상태로 회복되었다. 그러나 재감량변에서 융모변화는 그 정도가 심하지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 소위 자가치유 또는 자연치유 현상은 개의 요꼬가와흡충의 일차감염군과 재감염군에서 나타나지 않았다. 장병변의 경시적 관찰을 통하여 숙주면역은 요점막 회복에 관여하는 것 같았으며 특히 미성숙충체의 Lieberkiihn씨 선준 침입이 융모의 병적 변화에 일차적 원인일 것으로 추측하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2003

최근 연안 자원이 급격하게 감소하고 있고 새로운 양식 대상종으로 평가되고 있는 말쥐치의 대량 종묘생산을 위해서는 수정난 대량확보와 자어기 먹이생물 구명 등의 문제점이 해결되어야 한다. 본 연구자들은 우선 호르몬 처리에 의한 산란유도, 조기성숙유도에 의한 조기산란유도 및 수정난 확보방법을 개발하고, 위내용물 분석을 통한 자어의 초기먹이생물을 구명하고자 하였다. 산란유도를 위하여 hCG, LHRH-a 및 hCG+LHRH-a를 다양한 농도로 처리하여 실험한 결과 모든 실험구에서 67~76%의 수정률을 나타내었으나, 대량의 성숙란을 얻지는 못하였다. 따라서 본 종의 산란특성이 다회성인 점을 감안한다면 500 g 전후의 친어 200~300마리를 1개의 수조에 수용하여 자연산란된 수정란을 수거하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단되었다. 평균 450 g 정도의 말쥐치 친어를 12월부터 6개월동안 천천히 수온을 상승시켜 자연산란을 유도한 결과, 자연산란기 (6월)보다 2개월 빠른 4월 15일(17$^{\circ}C$로 가온한 지 15일)에 첫 산란이 이루어졌고 1개월간 지속되었다. 초기 사육환경을 구명하기 위한 실험에서는 일반적으로 해산어 종묘 생산에 이용하는 클로렐라＋rotifer 실험군이 클로렐라 단독, 규조류 단독, 규조＋rotifer, 녹조＋copepods등이 번식된 환경보다 생존율에 있어 월등히 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 위 내용물 분석에 의한 사육기간 중 섭식한 주요 먹이생물종은 부화 후 5일부터 20일째까지는 rotifer egg, 부화 10일째는 rotifer egg와 small rotifer, 부화 20일째는 rotifer, Artemia sp., copepods, 부화 25일째부터는 copepods였다. 초기성장은 부화직후 전장 1.95 mm였던 것이 10일째는 2.96 mm, 20일째는 3.89 mm, 30일째는 12.9 mm, 50일째는 35.1 mm를 나타내었다. 그러나 말쥐치 자ㆍ치어가 성장함에 따라 발생하는 지속적인 폐사와 종묘의 수송시 발생하는 폐사를 줄일 수 있는 방법이 추후에 해결되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2005

This study was comducted to examine the effects of culture medium, and the osmolarity and osmotic change of the culture medium on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and developement of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. In Experiment 1, cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in NCSU-23, mWM and mKRB, respectively, There was no difference in maturation rate($62.1\~71.3\%$) among groups. In Experiment 2, matured oocytes in each medium were activated and cultured for 6 days in the same media. Blastocyst formation rate was higher in NCSU-23($22.9\%$) than those of others($0\~0.6\%$, P<0.05). In Experiment 3, parthenogenetic embryos were cultured for 6 days in NCSU-23 with different osmolarity(300, 280 and 256 mOsmols) adjusted by NaCl. There were no differences in development rates to the blastocyst stage($11.0\~14.4\%$) among groups. In Experiment 4, activated oocytes were cultured for 2 days in NCSU-23 with 300, 280 and 256 mOsmols and then transferred to increased or decreased osmotic condition. Blastocyst formation rate was higher in a group which was transferred from the higher osmotic condition to the lowe. osmotic condition($21.0\%$) than a contrary group( $11.8\%$, (P<0.05). This result shows that the culture medium and the osmolarity of the culture medium affect the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, and the change of osmolarity from the higher condition to the lower condition at a certain developmental stage can enhance the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigative the effects of retinol supplement to IVM and/or IVC medium on maturation, fertilization and development of pig oocytes. North Carolina State University (NCSU) 23 medium containing porcine follicular fluid (pFF) was used as base medium. Each 1 uM, 5 uM and 10 uM concentration of retinol was supplemented to IVM and /or IVC medium. When the retinol was supplemented to maturation medium, the maturation rates were not different (p>0.05) among treatment groups ($66.7{\pm}6.0{\sim}69.2{\pm}5.3%$), but the developmental rate to blastocyst stage was higher (p<0.05) in $5{\mu}M$ group ($20.4{\pm}2.6%$) than in 0 uM ($13.6{\pm}2.1%$) and 10 uM groups ($9.7{\pm}1.7%$). Moreover, total cell number was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the 5 uM group ($37.0{\pm}1.6$) than in the other groups ($29.8{\pm}1.0{\sim}33.2{\pm}1.0$). Retinol supplement to maturation medium did not significantly affect the rates of fertilization and polyspermy (p>0.05). When the retinol was supplemented to culture medium or both maturation and culture medium, the rates of cleavage, and develop to morula and blastocyst stage were not affected, while those of 10 uM group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). These results indicate that 5 uM retinol supplement in maturation medium significantly stimulates embryo development, also improves the total cell number of blastocyst stage in pig.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of three different porcine IVM media, TCM-199, mSOF and NCSU-23 on early development of porcine spontaneous parthenogenotes. Spontaneous parthenogenotes were induced by a prolonged culture of porcine oocytes in each medium. In Experiment 1, oocytes derived from gilts were matured in three IVM media and maturation of oocytes was evaluated by the status of chromatin configuration. Oocytes matured in mSOF, NCSU-23 and TCM-199 showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in maturation. Maturation rates at 48h after IVM were 83.1$\pm$2% (mSOF), 78.0$\pm$3% (NCSU-23) and 83.5$\pm$2% (mSOF), 78.0$\pm$3% (NCSU-23) and 83.5$\pm$2% (TCM-199). In Experiment 2, pronucleus formation and development to 6~8 cell stage of pig oocytes activated spontaneously. Pronucleus formation, cleavage rate and development to 6~8 cell embryos of porcine spontaneous parthenogenotes were assessed at 55~58 h, 96 h and 168h after IVM, respectively. Pronucleus formation (5.4$\pm$2% and 3.7 $\pm$ 1% vs 1.7 $\pm$ 3%) and development to the 6$\pm$8 cell (3.2$\pm$3% and 4.0$\pm$1% vs 1.4$\pm$3%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in mSOF or NCSU-23 than TCM-199. In conclusion, the present study showed that oocytes matured in mSOF and NCSU-23 were spontaneously activated with higher frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to cluster according to the bone age of elementary school students in order to analyze the physique, physical fitness, and skeletal maturation of each cluter group and to provide basic data for the balanced development of elementary school students through data analysis. The subjects of this study were 2243 students aged 8 to 13 years, and the skeletal maturation were calculated by applying them to the TW3 method score conversion table after the X-ray films were taken. A total of 2 components in physique were measured using a stadiometer(Hanebio, Korea, 2021) and the Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019), and a total of 7 components in physical fitness, which included muscular strength(Hand Grip Strength), balance(Bass Stick Test), agility(Plate Tapping), power(Standing Long Jump), flexibility(Sit&Reach), muscular endurance(Sit-Up), and cardiovascular endurance(Shuttle Run) were measured as well. K-Means clustering method, cross-tabulation analysis, and one-way variable analysis(ANOVA) were conducted for data processing using the SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0) and Bristics Studio Tool, and it was considered significant at the level of p< .05. The results of this study may be summarized as follow. First, as a result of clustering using three components of skeletal maturation: retarded, normal, and advanced, cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in muscular strength, balance, and agility. cluster 2(Normal) showed poor flexibility, whereas cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in muscular strength. Second, as a result of analyzing the differences in physique according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in height, weight, and body fat percentage. Third, as a result of analyzing the differences in physical fitness according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Hand Grip Strength(Left, Right), whereas cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in Bass Stick Test, and cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Standing Long Jump.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2002

Species of Genus Trichoderma are commercially applied as biological control agents against fungal Pathogens. A powerful biocontrol agent, Trichoderma sp. SJG-99721 was isolated from 305 isolates by morphological characters, chitinase activities and antifungal activities against Phytophthora capsiei. The isolate was identified as Trichoderma harzianum from various features such as growth rate at $27^\circ{C}$, significant growth ratio of $27^\circ{C}$ to $17^\circ{C}$, amount of aerial mycelium, types of branching: system, and disposition patterns of phialide and phialospore. Trichoderma harzianum SJG-99721 have been shown to act as a powerful biological agent against fungal phytopathogens; Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora capsiei, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Mycoshaerella melonis, Alternaria sotani, Fusarium oxysporum, Collectotrichum gloesporioodes, Alternaria alternata, Phythium ultimum, Phytophthora drechsleri, Pyricularia grisea.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

To assess the radioprotective effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on ovarian follicles, 3 week-old female mice were irradiated with 8.33 Gy of ${\gamma}$-ray (group R) and followed by 5 IU ip-injection of FSH (group RF). For control groups, 5 IU of saline (group C) or 5 IU of FSH (group F) was ip-injected. Ovaries were collected 0h, 6h, 12h, 14, 2d, 4d, and 8d after irradiation or saline/FSH injection, and followed by fixation in neutral buffered formalin for routine histochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the status of follicles and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis for total DNA. Staining specific for apoptotic follicles showed high intensity at 6h and 12h in group R and RF On the other hand, staining specific for proliferating follicles showed noticeably high intensity at 8d in group R and Rf. DNA fragmentation of 185bp increased with time in all experimental groups. Especially 370bp appeared at 6h in group R, then disappeared after 1d. In case of group RF, it appeared at 12h and disappeared after 1d. From the above results, the irradiated antral follicles become completely disappeared from 4d to 8d, and then new follicles started to grow again at 8d. FSH had delaying or suppressing effects on follicular atresia after irradiation. In addition, it became clear that radiation-induced follicular atresia was mediated by granulosa cell apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2017

This study investigated the growth and maturation of free conchocelis of Pyropia yezoensis under monochromatic light of blue light(480 nm), green light(550 nm), yellow light(600 nm) and red light(730 nm) which measured the colony diameter, content of chlorophyll a and conchosporangium formation. In the result, the most of colony diameter and chlorophyll a showed under the blue light, $2,472.6{\pm}27.0{\mu}m$ and $1.55{\pm}0.03mg\;g.dw^{-1}$. Also, the chlrophyll a content of conchocelis was under the blue light. Therefore, the blue light might be favorable for the growth and maturation of conchocelis of P. yezoensis. This study will lead development of indoor culture technologies.