• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.575-586
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• 2001

Stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers can be transformed into quasi-carbon fibers with different properties depending on heat-treatment processing parameters at lower temperatures than temperature for the fabrication of carbon fibers. It has been investigated from the preliminary work that appropriate quasi-carbonization processes at about 1100$^{\circ}C$ strongly influence various properties of quasi-carbon fiber/polymer composite as well as quasi-carbon fiber itself. The objective of the present work is to prepare quasi-carbon fibers from stabilized PAN fibers using various quasi-carbonization cycles and to examine their properties. Two temperature regions, up to 800$^{\circ}C$ and above 1000$^{\circ}C$, were used for quasi-carbonization processes. The chemical composition, physical properties, thermal stability, microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical resistivity of the quasi-carbon fibers prepared with different final heat-treatment temperatures, heating rates, holding times, heating steps, and purging gas purity were extensively examined. The results were also compared with those from stabilized PAN fiber and commercial PAN-based carbon fiber. The present study showed that a variety of properties of quasi-carbon fibers significantly depended on several quasi-carbonization process parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.263-271
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• 2015

Commercial AR(Alkali Resistant)-glass fiber has a good chemical resistant property, but also has a problem of difficulty in fiberizing process because of high viscosity in melted glass compare with E-glass fiber which is the most widely used for reinforced fiber of composite materials. In this study, we fabricated AR-glass fiber with low zirconia contents compare with commercial AR-glass fiber relatively, and measured properties against E-glass fiber. We obtained transparent clear glass with zirconia contents of 0.5~16 wt% by melting at $1600^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. These AR-glass samples had high visible transmittance of 89~90 %, softening temperature of $703{\sim}887^{\circ}C$. And softening temperatures of them were increased according to the increasing zirconia contents. Compare with E-glass, AR-glass contains 4 wt% zirconia has different value of $-94^{\circ}C$ in softening temperature, $+68^{\circ}C$ at Log3 temperature and $-13^{\circ}C$ at Log5 temperature in viscosity. We could verify good alkali resistant property of the AR-glass fiber with SEM after dipping in alkali solution for 48~72 hours, and also high tensile strength, 1.7 times compare with E-glass fiber at 48 hours and 2.2 times at 72 hours. We conclude that this AR-glass fiber can be widely used as general alkali resistant glass fiber because of easy manufacturing condition and good properties even though it has low zirconia contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.518-522
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• 2004

In this study we examined effects of a new dietary supplement on the lipid level and body weight. The efficacy of this weight-reduction supplement, based on natural ingredients consisting of Phaseolus vulgaris, Garcinia cambogia, and microstalline cellulose, was investigated by randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. The 36 subjects were assigned evenly into weight-reduction supplemented (Active) and placebo groups (Placebo). The supplement could reduce the absorption of different types of sugar from the gastro-intestinal tract. A significant difference in weight reduction was shown in the active group (3.5 kg). Body composition measurements indicated that about 34% of fat loss in the active group could be achieved. These findings suggest that this dietary supplement could reduce body weight and fat gains, and its inhibitory effects might lead to obesity improvement.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.196-196
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• 2003

현재 PDP(Plasma Display Panel) 상판의 유전체층은 저온에서 소성이 가능한 저융점 유리가 요구되기 때문에 융점을 낮추기에 용이한 PbO계가 주 성분으로 사용되어 오고 있으나. 최근 환경오염 등의 문제점으로 인해 Pb-free을 추구하는 새로운 유리조성의 연구가 많이 수행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 이미 PDP의 격벽과 봉착용 조성으로 많이 연구되어진 비스무스계 유리를 고려하여 PDP의 투명유전체용 조성을 찾고자 한다. Bi$_2$O$_3$-ZnO-SiO$_2$3원계를 기본으로 하는 유리조성에 유리망목형성제등을 첨가하여 열적특성과 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 열적특성은 DTA를 이용하여 유리 전이 점(Tg) 및 융점(Tl)등을 측정하였고 TMA를 이용하여 선팽창계수(CTE)를 측정하였으며 유리섬유를 제조한 후 Littleton softening point (Ts)를 측정하였다. 광학적 특성은 페이스트를 제조하여 스크린프린팅 후 54$0^{\circ}C$~$600^{\circ}C$에서 1-2 h동안 소성하여 투광성을 조사하였다. 그 결과로, 열적특성으로는 400~5$50^{\circ}C$의 Tg, 450~$600^{\circ}C$의 Ts 및 5~11$\times$$10^{-6}$K의 CTE 값을 나타 내었고 광학적 특성으로 투광성은 양호한 특성(60% 이상)을 나타내었다. Bi$_2$O$_3$ 계를 현재 PDP의 투명유 전체에 적용시키기에는 유리용융시에 높은 점도와 환원 등의 문제점을 갖고 있지만 열적특성과 광학특성면에서는 가능성을 제시하여 향후 연구를 할 가치가 있다고 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.79-91
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• 2016

Geosynthetic-reinforced and Pile-supported (GRPS) embankment method is widely used to construct structures on soft ground due to restraining residual settlement and their rapid construction. However, effect of cyclic loading has not been established although some countries suggest design methods through many studies. In this paper, cyclic loading tests were conducted to analyze dynamic load transfer characteristics of pile-supported embankment reinforced with geosynthetics. A series of 3 case full scale model tests which were non-reinforced, one-layer-reinforced, two-layer reinforced with geosynthetics were performed on piled embankments. In these series of tests, the height of embankment and pile spacing were selected according to EBGEO (2010) standard in Germany. As a result of the vertical load parts on the pile and on the geosynthetic reinforcement measured separately, cyclic loads transferred by only arching effect decreased with strength geosynthetic-reinforced case. However, final loads on the pile showed no differences among the cases. These results conflict with previous studies that reinforcement with geosynthetics increases transfer load concentrated on piles. In addition, it is observed that the load transferred to pile decreases at the beginning of cycle number due to reduction of arching effected by cyclic loading. Based on these results, transferred mechanism for cyclic load on GRPS system has been presented.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2012

Recently developed polyketone fiber has various applications in the mechanical rubber goods as reinforcement because of its good mechanical properties. However, its surface is not suitable for good adhesion with the rubber matrix. Thus, a surface modification is essential to obtain the good interfacial adhesion. Plasma treatment, in this study, has been conducted to modify the surface of the polyketone fiber. The morphological changes of the fibers by oxygen plasma treatment were observed by using SEM and AFM. The chemical composition changes of PK fiber surface treated with oxygen plasma were investigated using an XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Finally, the effect of these changes on the interfacial adhesion between fiber and rubber was analyzed by using a microdroplet debonding test. By the plasma treatment, oxygen moieties on the fiber surface increased with processing time and power. The surface RMS roughness increases until the proper processing condition, but a long plasma processing time resulted in a rather reduced roughness because of surface degradation. When the treatment time and power were 60 s and 80 W, respectively, the highest interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was obtained between the PK fiber and natural rubber. However, as the treatment time and power were higher than 60 s and 80 W, respectively, the IFSS decreased because of degradation of the PK fiber surface by severe plasma treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2003

The composition of muscle proteins and free amino acids in the mudskipper (hibernant fish) were investigated before and after hibernation (maturity period: August, hibernation period: November thru. April). It was found that crude proteins were 17.6% in August, 17.5% in November and 16.9% in April, while among the muscle proteins, sarcoplasmic proteins were constituted up to 19.2～20.4%, 58.8～61.3% for myofibrilla proteins, 11.2～13.2% for intracellular proteins and 7.5～8.3% for stroma proteins. Composition changes of the muscle proteins were hardly noted until November but during the hibernation(from Nov. to Apr.) the amount of the sarcoplasmic proteins and the myofibrillar proteins decreased pronouncedly. As for the sarcoplasmic proteins, 14 subunits were found and among them, the amount of 30 kDa and 46 kDa subunits were found to increase slightly in April compared with those in November, while the amount of 35 kDa and 65 kDa subunits were decreased slightly. As for the myofibrilla proteins, 13 subunits were found and detectable changes in their composition were not observed until November but in April the amount of myosin heavy chain was increased by 3%, while the amount of actin decreased by 3% when those are compared with the results in November. The composition of amino acids in the muscle proteins was hardly changed during the observation period. But there were considerable changes of composition of free amino acids. Glycine and alanine were found to be the major free amino acids. The most striking feature was the changes in the glycine and arginine content: the former, which is a dominant free amino acid, was increased by two-fold in April compared with that in August and the latter was increased by two-fold in November and by four-fold in April. It was also found that the amount of essential amino acids (i.e., lysine and histidine) and others (alanine, glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and valine) increased significantly during the hibernation period.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 1999

The cure properties of rubber compounds containing different adhesive compositions were examined. As the amounts of tannin were increased in the adhesive composition, the scorch time was increased and cure rate was decreased due to the size and shape of tannin molecules. Also, the effect of adhesive composition on the adhesion between rubber and fiber was examined by TCAT(Tire Cord Adhesion Test), The reinforcing cords used in this study were mon ofilaments of nylon 610 and nylon 66. According to the results, the optimum adhesion strength between rubber and fiber could be obtained with adhesives whose molar ratios of formaldehyde/resorcinol were above 5/1 in the recipes. Although the level of dip pick-up(DPU) on the reinforcing cord affects the adhesion strength, the DPU of nylon 610 monofilament did not affect the adhesion strength because the level of DPU was constant regardless of the adhesive compositions. In this case, the adhesion strength with the adhesive composition could be explained with the behavior of tannin in the adhesive.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2003

PP-g-(AN/Sty) was synthesized by grafting with acrylonitrile (AN) and styrene (Sty) onto PP staple fiber using an electron beam accelerator and followed by amidoximination and phosphorylation. Mole fraction of AN in the graft chain increased with the increase of the AN content in the monomer mixture. The highest AN grafting yield of 45% was obtained at a monomer ratio of 40 vol% AN/60 vol% Sty. Mole fraction of AN in the graft chain decreased with the increase of methanol amount used its solvent. As reaction temperature increased, the grafting yield of copolymer increased and reached equilibrium at 50$^{\circ}C$. Amount of amidoxime group in fibrous ion exchanger was increased as increasing amount of hydroxylamine, and the maximum content of amidoxime group was observed at 5.8 mmol/g with the 9 wt% hydroxylamine concentration. Content of phosphorous group in fibrous ion exchanger increased up to 0.5 N phosphoric acid concentration, and then leveled off. The adsorption ability of the copolymer for uranyl ion by the chelating adsorbents was in the following order : bifunctional PP-g-(AN/sty) > amidoximated PP-g-(AN/Sty) > phosphorylated PP-g-(AN/Sty).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2013

In order to incorporate silver ions into the alginate, silver-alginate was prepared with aqueous solutions of silver nitrate. In the study, the silver-alginate was prepared by blending with poly vinylpyrrolidone solutions and the electrospinning was performed by using this blend solution. Antibacterial properties of silver-alginate/PVP solutions were estimated for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by the colony counting test. Electrospinning conditions of silver-alginate/PVP solution were the tip-to-collector distance of 22 cm, the flow rate of the solution at 0.01 mL/min, and the voltage at 26 kV. The form and size of silver-alginate/PVP nanofibers were estimated by SEM and Image J. The average diameter of the electrospun SA5P15 fibers was 124 nm and showed a narrow diameter distribution. The reduction of bacteria for SA5P15 exhibited 99.9% after 24 h.