• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2004

Integumentary structures of the rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopy. Stratified epidermal layer consists of supporting cells, unicellular glands, granular cells and mitochondria-rich cells. The epidermal layer could be classified into superficial, intermediate and basal layer by morphology and structure of the supporting cells. Mucous cells of unicellular gland were observed in the superficial and intermediate layer of the epidermis. The mucous materials were identified as acidic and carboxylated mucosubstance by histochemical methods. Club cell has well-developed central vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi complex in the cytoplasm. Granular cells were observed in the superficial layer and contained numerous granules of high electron density. Mitochondria-rich cells are characterized by well-developed microfilaments in cortex and numerous tubular mitochondria in medullar cytoplasm. Three types of pigment cells in the dermal layer could be distinguished with electron density of cytoplasmic inclusions.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2005

Present study was performed to observe the tegumental ultrastructures by the developmental stages which derived from the experimental life cycle of Spirometra erinacei in laboratory conditions. In SEM view, coracidium was spherical in shape with numerous cilia, and its surface was covered with long cilia, tuberclelike projections with millet-like processes, and small holes. The body surface of procercoid was covered with numerous pointed microtriches except that of frontal pit with stout spine-like ones. However that of cercomer was covered with somewhat sparse blunt-tiped microtriches. Plerocercoids of 3 days old resembled the mature procercoid in shape, and their frontal pits were covered with numerous stout spine-like microtriches. However frontal pit and body surface in more than 5 days old ones were covered with conoid microtriches. On the surface of adult scolex, hairly long filamentous and stout short microtriches were mixedly distributed. Filamentous microtriches were more densely distributed in the anterior portion than in the posterior of scolex. The neck and immature proglottid were covered with only stout short conoid microtriches. In TEM view of coracidia, embryophore and oncosphere were obviously distinguished. The embryophore contained numerous glycogen particles, mitochondria and lipid granules. The cilia on the surface of embryophore rooted in the coracidial sheath, and consisted of 9 pairs of microtubules and 2 core complex. The oncosphere was covered with a thin and unarmed tegument, and was multi-nucleated. The protoplasmic layer of procercoid and plerocercoid consisted of disc-shaped bodies, vacuoles and mitochondria. Their tegumental cells commonly retained a nucleus, granular endoplasmic reticulums and secretory granules. The protoplasmic layer of plerocercoid was more compacted than that of procercoid. From the above results, it was confirmed that the tegumental ultrastructures are something different according to the developmental stages of S. erinacei.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-233
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• 2013

Spherulitic rhyolite occur as part of ring dyke which showing a vertical flowage of $60^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$, of the Jangsan cauldron was studied. The spherulites range in diameter from a few millimeters to 2.8 centimeters or more, and average 5~10 millimeters. It belongs to radiated simple spherulite type. They consist of a core of moderate brown dense material encased by a thin crust, a few millimeters thick at most of white grey material. The spherulites frequently have a radiating fibrous structure, which are thought to have formed as a consequence of rapid mineral growth caused by very fast cooling of the dykes in shallow depth near the surface. EPMA examination of the concentric-zoned core of spherulites show that they are mainly composed of cryptocrystalline-fibrous intergrowth of silica minerals and alkali feldspars which have $SiO_2$ 82% or more, $Al_2O_3$ 7~10%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ less than 8%. The feldspar compositions of the spherulites lie essentially within the sanidine field. XRD examination show that spherulites are mainly composed of quartz, sanidine, albite with minor mica, kaolinite and chlorite. According to X-ray mapping, the spherulites are enriched in $SiO_2$ in the core and partly enriched $Na_2O$ or $K_2O$, $Al_2O_3$ in the shell that reflect in compositional zoning with increasing spherulitic devitrification. The feathery and non-equant crystal shapes of spherulites from rhyolite dyke of Jangsan cauldron suggest that they may have formed during the rapid cooling of dyke under the static state, or faster velocity of devitrification from glassy materials than movement velocity of the magma intrusion. The spherulitic rhyolite originated from high-silica(75.4~75.7 wt.%) rhyolite magma.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

Most of studies on existing strengthening methods were mainly on increase of stiffness and strength of shear strengthening to rectangular beam. As concrete of beam and slab is poured simultaneously on the characteristics of construction in reinforced concrete beam-slab structure, adjacent slab uniformed after hardening has T-shaped beam cross section which makes the flange of beam, enhances the stiffness of the beam and widens the area supporting compressive strength, but available data of flexural behavior of T-shaped beam are lacking. In this research the T-shaped beams would be made, then the reinforced effects and structural properties can be estimated according to the kinds of reinforced materials and reinforced position. The conclusions are shown as below. To sum up the experimental results, The specimen which was reinforce by CB embedded inside of concrete indicated excellent resistive behavior, internal force and stiffness when it was destroyed. The steel plate reinforced specimen of stiffness and internal force were increase but it expressed lower reinforce effects because of lowering anchored force between concrete. Fiber sheet strengthening showed superior effects but the interfacial delamination was found due to the lack of anchored force in destruction. So the measure is needed now.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of chitosan-trimer (CT) on the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation in the rate model. All animals divided into PBS (control), 1% CT, 3% CT, and chitin treated group. The mean adhesion score in 1% CT group (1.03$\pm$0.63), 3% CT group (0.64$\pm$0.53) and chitin group (1.67$\pm$0.71) was found to be lower than that in control group (2.07$\pm$0.81). More favorable adhesion prevention was achieved in 3% CT group (0.64$\pm$0.53) in comparison with the control group, 1% CT group, and chitin group without any hemorrhagic complications. A statistically significant difference was observed in adhesion formation between control group and 3% CT group (p<0.001). In control group, 44 of 45 sites (97.7%) formed adhesions between the intestine defects. In contrast, 3% CT was effective in reducing the incidence of adhesion formation to 17 to 45 sites (62.2%) (p<0.05). The locations of adhesions were observed in serosa-serosa (60%), serosa-mesentery (13.3%), serosa-connective tissue of testis (10%), omentum-liver (10%), serosa-omentum (3.3%), serosa-cecum (3.3%), and serosa-incision (0%). On the results of histological analysis, grade of inflammation and fibrosis at the sites of postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation were not significantly different in all groups. But, 3% CT showed the lowest score of inflammation and fibrosis. In 3% CT group, the rate of increase of plasma fibrinogen was significantly lower compared with that in control group from pre-operation to 10 days later (p<0.05). There were no appreciable difference in the CBC, leukocyte differential counts and total protein concentrations among four groups. In conclusion, our data suggested that CT should be effective on reducing adhesion formation in experimental rat models. The results also showed that 3% CT does not adversely affect normal wound healing and healthy recovery after operation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2013

The most frequently encountered problems at fixture-implantation sites are lack of adequate bone and proximity to anatomic structures. It is generally accepted that growth factors play an essential role in the healing process and tissue formation, and they have become the focus of grafting materials research. The granules in platelets contain high concentrations of various growth factors. In particular, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate that allows the production of fibrin membranes enriched with platelets and growth factors from an anticoagulant-free blood harvest. This study investigated the in vitro effects of PRF on osteoblasts, in terms of the key cellular functions, and especially the effects on two growth factors, the homodimer of platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (BPDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$, which are associated with wound healing and regeneration (i.e., proliferation and differentiation). The following parameters were investigated: PDGF-BB and TGF-${\beta}1$ levels in PRF, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type 1 collagen synthesis, and the expressions of osteoblast differentiation markers (ALP and runt-related transcription factor 2) and bone matrix proteins (type 1 collagen). The release of autologous growth factors from PRF was maintained for a reasonable period of time, and exerted positive effects on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. The use of PRF thus appears to be a promising method for enhancing bone healing and remodeling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2012

3종 복합소재인 양모와 나일론, 레이온의 염색공정은 먼저 알칼리 욕에서 반응성염료로 레이온을 염색한 후, 산성욕에서 산성염료로 양모와 나일론을 염색하는 것이 일반적이다. 그런데 양모, 나일론, 레이온은 알칼리에 민감하므로 면 염색 시 적용되는 강알칼리인 수산화나트륨을 사용하면 섬유의 취화로 인하여 강도와 촉감저하 등의 문제가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 알칼리 중 탄산나트륨과 중탄산나트륨을 사용하여 염료를 투입하지 않고 염색공정을 거친 후 백도와 인장강도를 측정하여 황변 및 강도 변화 여부를 알아보았다. 레이온 70%, 양모 19%, 나일론 11%의 혼용율을 가지는 전처리 된 편물(130$g/m^2$, 32 inch, 18 gauge)에 탄산나트륨(시약 1급) 20g/l과 중탄산나트륨(시약 1급) 20g/l 각각을 투입하고 반응성염색공정($60^{\circ}C$, 60 min)으로 처리한 경우와 반응성 염색 후 산성염색공정($98^{\circ}C$, 60 min)으로 처리한 경우로 나누어 측색을 통해 백도와 L, a, b값을 측정하고 KS K 0521에 따라 인장강도 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 탄산나트륨 투입시 백도 값이 중탄산나트륨에 비해 10% 정도 낮아지고 L, a, b값도 상대적으로 yellow 방향으로 이동해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 황변이 일어남을 의미하며 육안으로 확인하였다. 또한 인장강도 측정결과를 통해 소다회 처리 시 중조에 비해 30% 정도의 강도 저하가 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 반응성염색 후 산성염색을 거치게 되면 황변과 강도 저하 현상이 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, 천연/나일론 편물을 반응성염색 시 알칼리로 탄산나트륨을 사용하면 염색공정 상에서 중탄산나트륨에 비해 황변이 일어나 염료 고유의 색상 발현에 영향을 줄 수 있고 강도 또한 30% 정도 저하되지만, 후에 산성염색 공정을 거치면 산 조건과 욕중 효과를 통해 일부 개선됨을 확인하였다. 이와 별도로 이번에는 시판되는 반응성염료 5종과 산성염료 3종을 조합하여 탄산나트륨과 중탄산나트륨 투입에 따른 염색실험을 실시하고 측색(DataColor SF600 광원D65, Strength)을 통해 염착량을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 중탄산나트륨으로 염색하면 탄산나트륨에 비해 모두 염착량이 저하되었으며, 염료의 구조적 차이와 컬러별로도 그 차이는 다양하였다. 그 중 저온에너지형 반응성염료는 탄산나트륨 투입에 비해 47~60% 정도로 가장 양호하였으며, 일부 반응성염료는 20%까지 떨어지는 값을 나타내었다. 이것은 탄산나트륨보다 중탄산나트륨의 알칼리 정도가 낮으므로 반응성염료의 염착이 적은 것으로 생각되며, 저에너지형 반응성염료의 경우에는 낮은 온도나 알칼리 조건에서도 상대적으로 높은 고착률을 나타내므로 적절한 반응성염료의 선택을 통해 그 차이를 극복할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과를 통해 탄산나트륨과 중탄산트륨의 알칼리 정도가 강도와 염착량에 미치는 영향의 차이를 고려하여 최적의 현장 처방을 선정해야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2000

To provide basic information on the integumentary system of the blenny, Pholis nebulosa, ultrastructures of epidermal and dermal layer were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscope. The skin of the blenny consisted of epidermal and dermal layer. Epidermal layer consisted of supporting cell and unicellular gland. The supporting cells were classified into superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell, and the gland cells were classified into mucous secretory cell and club cell. The cytoplasm of supporting cells was divided into cortex and medullar part. In the cortex and medullar part, microfilaments and cell organelles were well developed, respectively. Superficial cell of epidermal layer was cuboidal and contained nucleus of horseshoe shape. Intermediated cell had a nucleus of irregular form and the electron density was higher than the other supporting cells, Basal cell was columnar, but nucleus was situated in the upper cytoplasm. Cell organelles of the basal cell were poor than the other supporting cells, but membrane interdigitations were well developed. The cytoplasm of mucous secretory cell had a well-developed ovoid secretory granules, which reacted to red with AB-PAS reaction. The club cell had a we31-developed round secretory granules and endoplasmic reticulum. figment cells were classified into two type. The one contained pigment granules of electron dense, and the other contained reflecting platelets. The cytoplasm of fibrocyte had n well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2002

Histology and ultrastructure of the mantle epidermis in the ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii are described using light and electron microscopy. The mantle of the ark shell is composed of outer epidermis, connective tissue and inner epidermis. Both epidermis are simple and consists of supporting cells, ciliated cells and secretory cells. Connective tissue is composed of mainly collagen and muscle fibers. The supporting cells in the inner epidermis are usually columnar and covered with microvilli. The ciliated cell have cilia and microvilli on the free surface, and numerous tubular mitochondria are observed in the apical cytoplasm. Secretory cells are mainly observed in the outer epidermis, and it can be divided into four types of A, B, C and D with morphological features of the secretory granules. Type A cells of mucous cell are found in the marginal and central mantle. And these cells contains numerous secretory granules of non-bounded and low electron density. Type B cells contains numerous rough endoplasmic reticula, well-developed Golgi complex and secretory granules of membrane-bounded and high electron density. Secretory granules of type C cells are divided into fibrous core layer and homogeneous peripheral layer. Type D cells are found in the outer epidermis of the central and umbonal mantle. And secretory granules of these cells are divided into homogeneous core layer and granular peripheral layer. This results suggest that the outer and inner epidermis of the mantle are related with shell formation and cleaning of the mantle cavity, respectively.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.323-328
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• 2015

Poly(${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers and PCL/silica membranes were synthesized by sol-gel derived electrospinning and casting, respectively. Smooth PCL nanofibers were obtained from the precursor containing N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). PCL/silica membranes were prepared by varying the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) contents from 0 to 40 vol% to investigate the effect of silica addition on mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the membranes. Although the strength of the membranes decreased from 12 to 8 MPa with increasing the silica content, the strength remained almost constant 7 weeks after dipping in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS). The strength reduction was attributed to the presence of a patterned surface pores and micro-pores present in the walls between pores. The crystal structure of the membranes was orthorhombic and the crystallite size decreased from 57 to 18 nm with increasing the silica content. From the agar overlay test, the PCL/silica membranes exhibited neither deformation and discoloration nor lysis of L-929 fibroblast cells.