• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-82
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• 2019

In Korea surrogate medical decision makings happen without legal grounds. The purpose of this article is to research the issues in preparing policies for decision-making on behalf of unrepresented patients. As aspects of comparative law, there are two approaches. One of them is to regulate default surrogate list. If no agent or guardian has been appointed, some legislatures provide that members of patient's family who is reasonably available, in descending order of priority of not, may act as surrogate: (1) the spouse, unless legally separated; (2) an adult child; (3) a parent; or (4) an adult brother or sister. If none of them is eligible to act as surrogate, some legislatures allow close friends to make health-care decisions for adult individuals who lack capacity. On the other hand there are other legislatures which provide no surrogate decision maker list but oblige the responsible authority to determine with advice of family members or friends of the patient. In the end the first approach can not guarantee that the surrogate decision maker like family members or friends will determine in the best interest of the patient.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2006

Melody is defined as adding spatial dimension to the rhythm which is temporal concept. Being able to understand melodic pattern and to reproduce the pattern also requires cognitive skills. Since 1980, there has been much research on the relationship between academic skills and music cognitive skills, and how to transfer the skills learned in music work to the academic learning. The study purported to examine various research outcomes dealing with the correlational and causal relationships between musical and academic skills. The two dominating theories explaining the connection between two skills ares are "neural theory" and "near transfer theory." The theories focus mainly on the transference of spatial and temporal reasoning which are reinforced in the musical learning. The study reviewed the existing meta-analysis studies, which provided evidence for positive correlation between academic and musical skills, and significance of musical learning in academic skills. The study further examined specific skills area that musical learning is correlated, such as mathematics and reading. The research stated that among many mathematical concepts, proportional topics have the strongest correlation with musical skills. Also with reading, temporal processing also has strong relationship with auditory skills and motor skills, and further affect language and literacy ability. The study suggest that skills learned in the musical work can be transferred to other areas of learning and structured music activities may be every efficient for children for facilitating academic concepts.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1990

In most of studies on market efficiency, the stability of risk measures and the normality of residuals unexplained by the pricing model are presumed. This paper re-examines stock splits, taking the possible violation of two assumptions into accounts. The results does not change the previous studies. But, the size of excess returns during the 2-week period before announcements decreases by 43%. The results also support that betas change around announcements and the serial autocorrelation of residuals is caused by events. Based on the results, the existing excess returns are most likely explained as a compensation to old shareholders for unwanted risk increases in their portfolio, or by uses of incorrect betas in testing models. In addition, the model suggested in the paper provides a measure for the speed of adjustment of the market to the new information arrival and the intensity of information contents.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

As the Internet developed, various and complex cyber attacks began to emerge. Various detection systems were used outside the network to defend against attacks, but systems and studies to detect attackers inside were remarkably rare, causing great problems because they could not detect attackers inside. To solve this problem, studies on the lateral movement detection system that tracks and detects the attacker's movements have begun to emerge. Especially, the method of using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is simple but shows very good results. Nevertheless, previous studies did not consider the effects and relationships of each logon host itself, and the features presented also provided very low results in some models. There was also a problem that the model could not explain why it predicts that way, which resulted in reliability and robustness problems of the model. To address this problem, this study proposes an interpretable RDP-based lateral movement detection system using page rank algorithm and SHAP(Shapley Additive Explanations). Using page rank algorithms and various statistical techniques, we create features that can be used in various models and we provide explanations for model prediction using SHAP. In this study, we generated features that show higher performance in most models than previous studies and explained them using SHAP.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2018

In a formal speech, the speaker's voice has a variety of effects on the listener. Depending on the voice characteristics, the effectiveness and efficiency of the speech change as well. In the presidential election, the candidate's voice characteristics will affect the cognition of voters. Thus, we need to understand about the a more effective voice of candidate. This study proves whether voters will change their cognition if the candidate changes owe voice. If the cognition of voters can be changed according to the changed voice characteristics of the candidate, we will be able to explain what voices are needed for the candidate. We will also be able to suggest the necessary voice change strategies for effective speech. We describe cognition change of the voters according to the change of the voices of the presidential candidates by the dimension of the sori-engineering and the cognitive dimension. Hence, this study explains the voice characteristics and change strategies needed for candidates for effective speech.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.70-83
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• 2017

Traditionally, economic growth has been uneven over the space. It has also been true for the recovery from social and economic crisis in old industrial areas of the advanced economies. Even if many of such old industrial areas were seriously affected by de-industrialization, some areas have been showing progress, while others have not been so. While interpreting this phenomenon used to be a key issue in economics, main stream liberal economic theorists' explanation was uneven distribution of economic resources, such as raw materials, labour and money. However, some revolutionary economic theorists have brought in the concept of "history" in explaining the phenomenon. Path dependence theorists, for example, interpretate the emergence of different growth paths with the concept of historical accidents. This contrasts to the recent argument of the group of scholars suggesting the concept of "regional resilience," who argue that uneven growth and different growth paths are originated from different regional resilience. This paper introduces the backgrounds, characteristics and utilities of the two theories: path dependence theory and the concept of regional resilience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.101-111
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• 2005

Various urban transport policies have an effect on urban transit riderships and accessibility. This study reports variations of metropolitan subway travel patterns affected by an enormous change in bus routes and transfer discount fare policy between subway and bus mode conducted by Seoul city in July 1st of 2004. In an effort to see the difference between the before and the after policies, two data sets are prepared. Firstly, on a daily bassis. an origin-destination trip table of May of 2004 is used. Secondly, on a daily bassis, an origin-destination trip table of August-September of 2004 is used as a counter measure. Even if seasonal variation was not considered, Seoul metropolitan area have experienced increasing riderships and accessibility. Finally, the effects of accessibility in spatial interaction model by rall service changes such as random shocks were scrutinized and interpreted in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1021-1026
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• 2017

Mixture experiments are commonly encountered in many fields including food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In mixture experiments, measured response depends on the proportions of the components present in the mixture and not on the amount of the mixture. Statistical analysis of the data from mixture experiments has mainly focused on a continuous response variable. In the example of quantal response data in mixture experiments, however, the tumor incidence data have been analyzed in Chen et al. (1996) to study the effects of 3 dietary components on the expression of mammary gland tumor. In this paper, we compared the logistic regression models with linear predictors such as second degree Scheffe polynomial model, Becker model and Akay model in terms of classification accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2000

Learning by examples has proven to be an efficient method in mastering various subjects including programming languages. This study hypothesizes that the number of examples and the type of examples are two significant dimensions that influence the performance of learning programming languages by examples. A set of experiments was conducted to investigate the impacts of the two dimensions in the domain of JAVA programming. The results showed that providing two examples is more effective than providing only one example even though significantly more explanations are attached to the single example. Among the 'two-example' groups, the group that was given functionally similar examples performed better than those with functionally dissimilar examples. Explanations for these results are provided in this paper based on the behavioral patterns of individual subjects in terms of time and frequency. This paper concludes with the implications of the study results for the development of effective tutoring systems for programming languages.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 1995

This paper is concerned with the method of estimating lifetime distributin from field data for products with multiple modes of failure. When product failures occur within warranty period, a manufacturer can obtain failure-record data; failure times, causes of failure, and covariates. Since these data are seriously incomplete for satisfactory inference, that is, only failures occured during warrantly period may be recorded, it is usually necessary to incoporate the failure-record data by taking a supplementary sample of items obtained following up a portion of products that survive warranty time. The log linear function is considered as a model for describing the relation between failure time of a product and covariates. General methods for obtaining pseudo maximum likelihood estimators(PMLEs) for the parameters are outlined and their asymptotic properties are studied, and specific formulas for exponential or Weibull distribution are obtained. Effects of follow-up percentage on the PMLEs are investigated. Extensions to calendar time warranty or calendar and obtaining time warranty are also considered.