• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.403-414
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• 2004

In the accompanying paper, we proposed a real. time volumetric imaging method using a cross array based on receive dynamic focusing and synthetic aperture focusing along lateral and elevational directions, respetively. But synthetic aperture methods using spherical waves are subject to beam spreading with increasing depth due to the wave diffraction phenomenon. Moreover, since the proposed method uses only one element for each transmission, it has a limited transmit power. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new real. time volumetric imaging method using cross arrays based on synthetic aperture technique with linear wave fronts. In the proposed method, linear wave fronts having different angles on the horizontal plane is transmitted successively from all transmit array elements. On receive, by employing the conventional dynamic focusing and synthetic aperture methods along lateral and elevational directions, respectively, ultrasound waves can be focused effectively at all imaging points. Mathematical analysis and computer simulation results show that the proposed method can provide uniform elevational resolution over a large depth of field. Especially, since the new method can construct a volume image with a limited number of transmit receive events using a full transmit aperture, it is suitable for real-time 3D imaging with high transmit power and volume rate.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

This study is to develope a phantom for MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductors Field Effect Transistors) dosimetry and compare the dosimetric properties of standard MOSFET and microMOSFET with the phantom. In this study, the developed phantom have two shape: one is the shape of semi-sphere with 10cm diameters and the other one is the flat slab of $30{\times}30cm$with 1 cm thickness. The slab phantom was used for calibration and characterization measurements of reproducibility, linearity and dose rate dependency. The semi-sphere phantom was used for angular and directional dependence on the types of MOSFETs. The measurements were conducted under $10{\times}10cm^2$ fields at 100cm SSD with 6MV photon of Clinac (21EX, Varian, USA). For calibration and reproducibility, five standard MOSFETS and microMOSFETs were repeatedly Irradiated by 200cGy five times. The average calibration factor was a range of $1.09{\pm}0.01{\sim}1.12{\pm}0.02mV/cGy$ for standard MOSFETS and $2.81{\pm}0.03{\sim}2.85{\pm}0.04 mV/cGy$ for microMOSFETs. The response of reproducibility in the two types of MOSFETS was found to be maximum 2% variation. Dose linearity was evaluated In the range of 5 to 600 cGy and showed good linear response with $R^2$ value of 0.997 and 0.999. The dose rate dependence of standard MOSFET and microMOSFET was within 1% for 200 cGy from 100 to 500MU/min. For linearity, reproducibility and calibration factor, two types of MOSFETS showed similar results. On the other hand, the standard MOSFET and microMOSFET were found to be remarkable difference in angular and directional dependence. The measured angular dependence of standard MOSFET and microMOSFET was also found to be the variation of 13%, 10% and standard deviation of ${\pm}4.4%,\;{\pm}2.1%$. The directional dependence was found to be the variation of 5%, 2% and standard deviation of ${\pm}2.1%,\;{\pm}1.5%$. Therefore, dose verification of radiation therapy used multidirectional X-ray beam treatments allows for better the use of microMOSFET which has a reduced angular and directional dependence than that of standard MOSFET.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 2012

The Varian PORTALVISION (Varian Medical Systems, US) shows significant overresponses as the off-center distance increases compared to the predicted dose. In order to correct the dose discrepancy, the off-axis correction is applied to VARIAN iX linear accelerators. The portal dose for $38{\times}28cm^2$ open field is acquired for 6 MV, 15 MV photon beams and also are predicted by PDIP algorithm under the same condition of the portal dose acquisition. The off-axis correction is applied by modifying the $40{\times}40cm^2$ diagonal beam profile data which is used for the beam profile calibration. The ratios between predicted dose and measured dose is modeled as a function of off-axis distance with the $4^{th}$ polynomial and is applied to the $40{\times}40cm^2$ diagonal beam profile data as the weight to correct measured dose by EPID detector. The discrepancy between measured dose and predicted dose is reduced from $4.17{\pm}2.76$ CU to $0.18{\pm}0.8$ CU for 6 MV photon beam and from $3.23{\pm}2.59$ CU to $0.04{\pm}0.85$ CU for 15 MV photon beam. The passing rate of gamma analysis for the pyramid fluence patten with the 4%, 4 mm criteria is improved from 98.7% to 99.1% for 6 MV photon beam, from 99.8% to 99.9% for 15 MV photon beam. IMRT QA is also performed for randomly selected Head and Neck and Prostate IMRT plans after applying the off-axis correction. The gamma passing rare is improved by 3% on average, for Head and Neck cases: $94.7{\pm}3.2%$ to $98.2{\pm}1.4%$, for Prostate cases: $95.5{\pm}2.6%$, $98.4{\pm}1.8%$. The gamma analysis criteria is 3%, 3 mm with 10% threshold. It is considered that the off-axis correction might be an effective and easily adaptable means for correcting the discrepancy between measured dose and predicted dose for IMRT QA using EPID in clinic.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.1 s.116
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• pp.62-75
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• 2007

This paper describes a shaped-beam antenna for increasing the antenna gain of a radiating element. The proposed antenna structure is composed of an exciting element and a multi-layered disk array structure(MDAS). The stack micro-strip patch elements were used as the exciter for effectively radiating the electromagnetic power to the MDAS over the broadband, and finite metallic disk array elements - which give the role of a director for shaping the antenna beam with the high gain - were finitely and periodically layered onto it. The efficient power coupling between the exciter and the MDAS should be carried out in such a way that the proposed antenna has a high gain characteristic. The design parameters of the exciter and the MDAS should be optimized together to meet the required specifications to meet the required specifications. In this study, a shaped-beam antenna with high gain was optimally designed under the operating conditions with a linear polarization and the frequency band of $9.6{\sim}10.4\;GHz$. Two methods constructed using thin dielectric film and dielectric foam materials respectively were also proposed in order to implement the MBAS of the antenna. In particular, through the computer simulation process, the electrical performance variations of the antenna with the MDAS realized by the thin dielectric film materials were shown according to the number of disk array elements in the stack layer. Two kinds of antenna breadboard with the MDAS realized with the thin dielectric film and dielectric foam materials were fabricated, but experimentation was conducted only on the antenna breadboard(Type 1) with the MDAS realized with the thin dielectric film materials according to the number of disk array elements in the stack layer in order to compare it with the electrical performance variations obtained during the simulation. The measured antenna gain performance was found to be in good agreement with the simulated one, and showed the periodicity of the antenna gain variations according to the stack layer number of the disk array elements. The electrical performance of the Type 1 antenna was measured at the center frequency of 10 GHz. As the disk away elements became the ten stacks, a maximum antenna gain of 15.65 dBi was obtained, and the measured return loss was not less than 11.4 dB within the operating band. Therefore, a 5 dB gain improvement of the Type 1 antenna can be obtained by the MDAS that is excited by the stack microstrip patch elements. As the disk array elements became the twelve stacks, the antenna gain of the Type 1 was measured to be 1.35 dB more than the antenna gain of the Type 2 by the outer dielectric ring effect, and the 3 dB beam widths measured from the two antenna breadboards were about $28^{\circ}$ and $36^{\circ}$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.908-913
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• 1997

플라즈마 화학 증착 방법에 의해 corning 7059 유리기판위에 비정질 실리콘 박막을 만들고 고온열처리, 다단계급속열처리, 일차원 선형빔(line shape beam)의 가우스 분포를 가지는 엑시머 레이저 열처리를 이용하여 고상 및 액상의 재결정화를 통해 다결정 실리콘 박막을 제작하였다. 편광된 라만 분광학(Raman spectroscopy)을 통하여 여러 가지 열처리 방법과 기판온도에 따른 다결정 실리콘 박막의 잔류응력을 조사하였다. 레이저 열처리에 의하여 결정화된 실리콘 기판의 경우, 높은 결정화된 체적량과 잔류응력을 갖으며 equaxial결정성을 갖는다. 그러나 이러한 고상 재결정화된 다결정 실리콘 박막은 라만스펙트럼에서 480$cm^{-1}$ /주위에 넓게 퍼져있어 비정질상(amorphous phase)이 함께 존재함을 알 수 있다. 고온열처리와 다단계급속열처리의 경우 잔류응력의 크기는 각각 4.07x$10^{9.}$과 4.56x$10^{9 dyne}$ $\textrm{cm}^2$이다. 또한 엑시머레이저 열처리의 경우 기판온도가 상온에서 40$0^{\circ}C$로 증가할수록 열적인 완화에 의해 잔류응력이 1.35x$10^{10}$에서 8.58x$10^{9}$dyne/$\textrm{cm}^2$으로 감소하는 것을 알 수 있다.다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.152-159
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• 2005

The dynamic properties between catenary and pantograph of high-speed train are very important factors to affect the stable electric power supply. So as to design the reliable current collection system, a multibody simulation model is needed. In this paper, the dynamic analysis method for a pantograph-catenary cable system of high-speed train is presented. The very deformable motion of a catenary cable is demonstrated using nonlinear continuous beam theory, which is based on an absolute nodal coordinate formulation, and the pantograph is modeled as a rigid multibody. The proposed method might be very efficient, because this method can present the nonlinear properties of a flexible catenary cable and set a various boundary conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2013

최근 발수 특성은 자동차 표면, 건축 구조물, 가전제품 및 모바일 기기 등 여러 분야에서 사용되고 점차 그 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 발수성의 표면은 연 잎이나 곤충의 날개, 도마뱀의 발바닥 등 자연계의 여러 곳에서 관찰 할 수 있다. 특히 연 잎의 표면에서 나타나는 초발수 특성이 마이크로와 나노 크기의 돌기 구조와 표피 왁스 성분에 기인한다는 것이 밝혀지면서 이를 응용한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 물리적인 표면처리로 마이크로와 나노 구조물을 형성하고 그 위에 표면에너지를 낮출 수 있는 물질을 증착하여, 발수 특성을 가지는 표면을 개발하였다. 알루미늄 표면에 마이크로 크기의 알루미나(Al2O3) 분말을 이용한 블라스트(blast) 공정으로 마이크로 구조를 형성하고, 선형 이온 소스(LIS)를 이용한 Ar 이온 빔 에칭으로 나노 구조를 형성하였다. FE-SEM 분석을 통해 수~수십 마이크로 구조 위에 나노 크기의 구조가 형성 된 것을 관찰하였다. 마이크로와 나노 구조가 형성된 알루미늄의 표면에너지를 낮추기 위해 trimethylsilane (TMS) 및 Ar을 이용한 플라즈마처리로 표면에 기능성 코팅막을 형성하였다. 그 결과 TMS처리 전에 비해 표면에너지가 99.75 mJ/m2에서 9.05 mJ/m2으로 급격히 낮아지고 접촉각이 $54^{\circ}$에서 $123^{\circ}$로 향상되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.435-450
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• 2006

Free electron lasers (FELs) are promising sources of coherent radiation that can provide users with radiations having a wide-range frequency-tunability and good spectral characteristics for basic science and industrial applications. Especially in Terahertz or X-ray ranges of spectrum, FELs can generate much stronger radiations than conventional light sources. In this paper, we introduce the working principles and key technologies of FELs, the status and the prospects of FEL developments.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.186-190
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• 1998

We fabricated a diode-side pumped high power Nd:YAG laser with a gold coated flow tube(diameter of 10mm) and three sets of 140W diode bar. The diameter of Nd:YAG rod was 6mm and its length was 130mm. We obtained 130W cw power from a linear resonator with an 11% output coupler, which corresponds to the slope efficiency of 43% and the optical efficiency of 31%. The measured beam quality factor(M$^2$) reached about 85 which is fairly large due to the large size of the rod. Thermal lensing of the rod was measured to be 5.3-7.4D/$kW_{pump}$ when the laser was operating.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.350-356
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• 2012

The tension effect on fiber Bragg gratings was analyzed and the linearity of 1.24 nm/10kpsi was obtained when Bragg wavelength was varied within 3 nm by applied tension. Using tension control method, different center wavelength fiber Bragg grating(FBG) were fabricated by only single period phase mask. These serially connected four FBGs showed the transmission spectrum of 1.5 nm linewidth as a 3 dB bandwidth which was twice that of a conventional FBG.