• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.105-133
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• 2011

Short Abstract: This study investigates the effects of price and other variables on consumers' purchasing decision for eco-friendly foods. This study pays particular attention to the effect of price that may influences consumers' decision to buy eco-friendly foods. The empirical findings are summarized as follows. First, the descriptive results of the survey show that "detailed explanation for the products," "distribution channel," "reliability of the labeling for eco-friendly foods" are more important than price and other factors. Second, the ordered logit analysis vindicates that such situational factors as number of children and existence of patient in the family are the most important variables to explain the degree of satisfaction level when considering the price level of eco-friendly foods. Finally, the results of the conjoint analysis indicate that consumers regard distribution channel as the most important factor, and reliability of labeling system and level of price position second and third, respectively. The present study concludes with suggesting some policy implications and directing future studies.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.237-260
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• 2015

This study sought to explain the process of conflict between early childhood teacher and parent (T-P conflict) and was guided by the following three questions: (a) how does a T-P conflict begin? (b) how does a T-P conflict develop over time? and (c) how does a T-P conflict end? One hundred cases were provided by private kindergarten teachers with experiences of T-P conflict. A qualitative grounded theory design was used for analysis of the data. Open coding and axial coding resulted in six categories: (a) "causes of conflict" (b) "conditional context of conflict" (c) "state of conflict" (d) "amplification of conflict" (e) "problem solving strategies of conflict", and (f) "cease of conflict". The stage of selective coding drew out three core categories: (a) "prelude with tuneless instruments" (b) "duet for discords and concords, and (c) "splendid finale vs. unplanned intermission". Additionally the study raised the doubts about current early childhood education policies based on neo-liberalism and their impacts on relationships between teachers and parents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.465-479
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• 2016

Some groups do ethical activities (such as ethical slogan t-shirt campaigns) only to complete the requirements for ethical duty; consequently, some people question the effectiveness of those products. The attributes of ethical slogan t-shirts should be considered seriously to reduce skepticism when planning a campaign. Researchers can also suggest a new purpose for ethical t-shirts using an ethical message. In study 1, we conduct a conjoint analysis that suggests realistic multi-attribute choice decisions. The suggested multi-attributes wear design aesthetic (high/low), price (high/low), where we donate (close/far), and the size of firm (big/small). In addition, participations were divided into two groups according to eco-friendly attitudes to confirm differences in choices between two groups. Study 1 showed that price is the most important attribute, but design aesthetic also remains important. In addition, a group that has a high eco-friendly attitude thought "where we donate" was more important than other groups. In study 2, a pre-post approach investigated wearers' attitude changes. We also divided participants into two groups and one group wear high level design aesthetic t-shirts (and vice-versa) to measure the attitude change difference. As a result of study 2, the wearers partially changed their eco-friendly attitudes. The group that wore high design aesthetic t-shirts showed a greater difference than other groups. Through this study, we conclude that customers seriously considered the design aesthetic. Finally, wearing ethical slogan t-shirts can change the attitudes of wearers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.8B
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• pp.549-561
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• 2005

As Internet and network technologies have been developed, e-commerces are getting more complex and more various. This paper, for meta-data and data exchange between heterogeneous database systems, uses XML schema proposed in W3C, and XML schema can present meta-data and data of relational database system as XML document format which is structural. It supports various primitive data formats, so that it uses the structure which reflects adequately data formats which relational database system offered. However, current e-commerces use heterogeneous platforms, so difficulties that is mutual interchange and management exist. For the solution for these problems, a standard ontology which defines relations of product classifications and the standard of property expression and the location ontology which offers e-commerce's information about products are constructed. Applying these ontology information to search system, by offering information which customers need efficient search is performed. Combining these ontologies and product classification category information, called XMDR, this XMDR is introduced into product search system, so this paper proposes to construct ontology server method for efficient search.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.14 no.3 s.37
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

In this contribution, an integration of seamless navigation system for the pedestrian is introduced. To overcome the GPS outages in various situations, multi-sensor of GPS, INS, electronic barometer and compass are considered in one Extented Kalman filter. Especially, the integrated system is designed for low-cost for the practical applications. Therefore, a MEMS IMU is considered, and the low quality of the heading is compensated by the electronic compass. In addition, only the pseudoranges from GPS measurements are considered for possible real-time application so that the degraded height is also controlled by a barometer. The mathematical models for each sensor with systematic errors such as biases, scale factors are described in detail and the results are presented in terms of a covariance analysis as well as the position and attitude errors compared to the high-grade GPS/INS combined solutions. The real application scenario of GPS outage is also investigated to assess the feasible accuracy with respect to the outage period. The description on the current status of the development and future research directions are also stated.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2021

Due to the rapid growth of the online fashion market and the resulting expansion of online choices, there is a problem that the seller cannot directly respond to a large number of consumers individually, although consumers are increasingly demanding for more personalized recommendation services. Images are being tagged as a way to meet consumer's personalization needs, but when people tagging, tagging is very subjective for each person, and artificial intelligence tagging has very limited words and does not meet the needs of users. To solve this problem, we designed an algorithm that recognizes the shape, attribute, and emotional information of the product included in the image with AI, and codes this information to represent all the information that the image has with a combination of codes. Through this algorithm, it became possible by acquiring a variety of information possessed by the image in real time, such as the sensibility of the fashion image and the TPO information expressed by the fashion image, which was not possible until now. Based on this information, it is possible to go beyond the stage of analyzing the tastes of consumers and make hyper-personalized clothing recommendations that combine the tastes of consumers with information about trends and TPOs.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.219-224
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• 2022

Q-Learning is a technique widely used as a basic algorithm for reinforcement learning. Q-Learning trains the agent in the direction of maximizing the reward through the greedy action that selects the largest value among the rewards of the actions that can be taken in the current state. In this paper, we studied a policy that can speed up agent training using Q-Learning in Frozen Lake 8×8 grid environment. In addition, the training results of the existing algorithm of Q-learning and the algorithm that gave the attribute 'direction' to agent movement were compared. As a result, it was analyzed that the Q-Learning policy proposed in this paper can significantly increase both the accuracy and training speed compared to the general algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2021

가뭄관련 의사결정 시 필요한 정보는 기상 현황 및 전망, 수원현황, 생공·농업 수요현황, 공급계통 등으로서 지자체담당자가 일일이 취득하기에는 번거롭고 어려운 업무라고 할 수 있다. K-water 국가가뭄정보분석센터에서는 이러한 지자체의 업무지원을 위하여 통합 가뭄의사결정 종합상황판을 개발하고 2021년 3월부터 정식오픈하였다. 2019년부터 서비스했던 이전 상황판에서 제공하지 못했던 정보들을 보다 상세하게 제공함으로써 지자체 담당자가 지역에서 발생되는 가뭄을 보다 효율적으로 파악하고 적절한 대응을 하는데 도움이 될 수 있도록 구성하였다. 통합 가뭄의사결정 종합상황판은 국가가뭄정보포털(https://www.drought.go.kr)에 접속하고 GPKI 인증서로 로그인을 하면 접근할 수 있다. 접속한 인증서의 지역을 기준으로 초기 정보가 제공되고 사용자가 선택한 지역을 기준으로 제공되는 정보가 동시에 변경되도록 되어 있어 원하는 지역의 가뭄 관련 정보를 획득하는데 매우 편리하다. 상황판은 다양한 분야의 정보를 요약해서 제공하는 메인화면과 각 분야의 상세 정보를 차트와 통계 형태로 제공하는 3개의 상세화면으로 구성되어 있다. 메인화면에서는 기상현황, 생활 및 공업 현황, 가뭄현황 및 전망, 가뭄대응과 관련된 통계정보와 현황정보를 제공하여 사용자는 해당지역의 가뭄현황을 통합적으로 판단할 수 있다. 특히, 중앙화면에 수원현황, 용수공급체계, 시설현황, 가뭄119정보를 GIS 인터페이스로 제공하여 사용자가 편리하게 속성정보를 획득할 수 있도록 되어 있다. 또한, 4개의 화면에서 제공하는 모든 정보는 Excel 파일로 다운로드하여 활용할 수 있도록 구성하여 담당자가 보고서 등 작성 시 매우 유용하게 활용할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 지자체담당자는 개선된 상황판을 활용함으로써 가뭄관련 업무 시 보다 손쉽게 관련 정보를 획득하고 대응할 수 있을 것으로 예상되며, 이는 가뭄을 실제 담당하는 지자체의 가뭄 대응능력 향상으로 귀결되어 국가적인 가뭄정책 추진 시 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6D
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• pp.935-943
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• 2006

Key factors affecting the mode share of Soul metro are investigated. The log-regression model, which can describe the elasticity of the factors with ease, is established rather than the conventional mode choice model is used. The log-regression model requires lower level of data availability for calibration and identifies the impact of the factors on mode share straightforwardly. As a result, it is found that the main reasons why the current mode share of railway is low are due to several problems such as winding lines, inconvenient transfers and unnecessary bypasses. The calibrated model is adopted to evaluate the network reshuffling alternatives. The network reshuffling is to rearrange the existing inefficient railway lines that have frequent transfers and many winding segments. The proposed network reshuffling, which includes straightening winding lines and changing grade separated transfers into cross-platform transfers, turned out to be a good measure to tackle the problems.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.612-628
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• 2001

This paper presents a methodology to extract classes and inheritance relations from procedural software. The methodology is based on the idea of generating all groups of class candidates, based on the combinatorial groups of object candidates, and their inheritance with all possible combinations and selecting a group of object candidates, and their inheritance with all possible combinations and selecting a group with the best or optimal combination of candidates with respect to the degree of relativity and similarity between class candidates in the group and classes in a domain model. The methodology has innovative features in class candidates in the group and classes in a domain model. The methodology has innovative features in class and inheritance extraction: a clustering method based on both static (attribute) and dynamic (method) clustering, the combinatorial cases of grouping class candidate cases based on abstraction, a signature similarity measurement for inheritance relations among n class candidates or m classes, two-dimensional similarity measurement for inheritance relations among n class candidates or m classes, two-dimensional similarity measurement, that is, the horizontal measurement for overall group similarity between n class candidates and m classes, and the vertical measurement for specific similarity between a set of classes in a group of class candidates and a set of classes with the same class hierarchy in a domain model, etc. This methodology provides reengineering experts with a comprehensive and integrated environment to select the best or optimal group of class candidates.