• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.846-854
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• 1995

Background: Cytokeratin 19 is a subunit of cytokeratin intermediate filament expressed in simple epithelia such as respiratory epithelial cells and their malignant counterparts. An immunoradiometric assay is available to detect a fragment of the cytokeratin, referred to as Cyfra 21-1 in the serum. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of this new marker in the diagnosis of lung cancer compared with established markers of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag) and carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA). In addition, we compared the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Cyfra 21-1 with those of SCC Ag in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. We also measured the level of Cyfra 21-1 in the different stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Method: We measured Cyfra 21-1(ELSA-CYFRA 21-1), SCC Ag(ABBOTT SCC RIABEAD) and CEA(ELSA2-CEA) in 79 patients with primary lung cancer and in 78 persons as a comparison group including 32 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 23 patients with benign lung disease and 23 cases with healthy individual. Cyfra 21-1 is measured by a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay(CIS Bio International, France) based on the two-site sandwich method. SCC Ag is measured by a radioimmunoassay(Abbott Laboratories, USA). CEA is measured by a immunoradiometric assay(CIS Bio International, France). All data were expressed as the mean$\pm$standard deviation. Results: 1) The mean value of Cyfra 21-1 was $18.38{\pm}3.65\;ng/mL$ in the lung cancer and $1.l6{\pm}0.53\;ng/mL$ in the comparison group(p<0.0001). SCC Ag was $3.53{\pm}6.06\;ng/mL$ in the lung cancer and $1.19{\pm}0.5\;ng/mL$ in the comparison group(p<0.01). CEA was $35.03{\pm}13.9\;ng/mL$ in the lung cancer and $2.89{\pm}1.01\;ng/mL$ in the comparison group(p<0.0001). 2) Cyfra 21-1 level in squamous cell carcinoma($31.52{\pm}40.13\;ng/mL$) was higher than that in adenocarcinoma($2.41{\pm}1.34\;ng/mL$)(p<0.0001) and small cell carcinoma($2.15{\pm}2.05\;ng/mL$)(p=0.007). SCC Ag level in squamous cell carcinoma($5.1{\pm}7.68\;ng/mL$) was higher than that in adenocarcinoma($1.36{\pm}0.69\;ng/mL$)(p=0.009) and small cell carcinoma($1.1{\pm}0.24\;ng/mL$) (p=0.024). 3) The level of Cyfra 21-1 was not correlated with the progression of stage in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 4) Using the cut-off value of 3.3ng/mL, the diagnostic sensitivity of Cyfra 21-1 was 83% in squamous cell carcinoma, 22% in adenocarcinoma and 17% in small cell carcinoma. The sensitivity of SCC Ag and CEA were 39% and 20%, respectively in squamous cell carcinoma, 11% and 39% in adenocarcinoma, and 0% and 33% in small cell carcinoma. 5) Comparison of the receiver operating characteristics curves(ROC curve) for Cyfra 21-1, SCC Ag and CEA revealed that Cyfra 21-1 showed highest diagnostic sensitivity among them in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Conclusion: Cyfra 21-1 is thought to be a better tumor marker for the diagnosis of lung cancer than SCC Ag and CEA, especially in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.382-386
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• 2007

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare disorder that is characterized by personality changes, irritability, depression, seizures, memory loss and dementia, and is commonly associated with small cell lung cancer. The cause is unknown but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder that develops secondary to a carcinomatous process. We report a patient with the clinical feature consistent with limbic encephalitis. A 64-year-old women developed disorientation, memory loss and general weakness. She was diagnosed with NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) with a brain metastasis 1 year earlier and was treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Although the lung mass and brain metastatic lesions had improved, the brain T2-weighted MRI showed high signal intensity in the right temporal region. This lesion consisted of with limbic encephalitis and was negative to the other viral and immune markers. The patient's symptoms did not improve after steroid treatment. Our case demonstrated that a NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) also can be associated with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.92-95
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• 2004

Biological activities and anticarcinogenicity of Korean Pear peel were investigated, Electron donating activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of fraction II, III were up to 80% and 50-60% at 50 ppm, respectively, Inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase were about 80% at 50 ppm, breast adenocarcinoma was about 60% at 2,000 ppm, higher III than II Inhibitory effect on prostate adenocarcinoma was about 23% at 500 ppm. In conclusion, Korean pear peel was expected to use as a functional material.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 1993

Various sizes of dolerite sills occur in the Mungyong area, one of well-exposed areas in Okchon belt. All of previous geochemical studies concluded that chemical variations of basic rocks, so-called Sangnae-ri amphibolite, result from the fractional crystallization. The second sill, which is a well differentiated one in the Sangnae-ri area, displays systematic compositional variation associated with gradual change of grain size in vertical sections. In order to clarify the chemical variation in the sill, whether chemical composition of each part of the sill is appropriately derived from the original liquid (represented by the average composition) by addition or subtraction of initial phenocystic minerals are tested(Iwamori program, 1989). According to the calculation, it is shown that major vertical chemical variation of the sill resulted from the accumulation of phenocrysts(olivine, clinopyrxoene, plagioclase, titanomagnetite) which already existed at the time of emplacement or formed just after the emplacement.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1995

Sebaceous carcinomas of the eyelids are uncommon but lethal tumors. Lesions are usually seen in the elderly, predominantly women. The meibomian glands of the tarsus are the most frequent site of origin. Less commonly, the tumor arises in other sebaceous glands, e.g., the gland of Zeis, eyebrow or caruncle. Regardless of the location, sebaceous malignancies must be considered aggressive neoplasms with a potential for regional and distant metastasis. Diagnosis may be difficult, given the low incidence and inconsistencies in histopathologic classification. Treatment requires wide surgical excision with removal of involved regional lymph nodes and exenteration is reserved for those patients with orbital involvement or diffuse intraepithelial neoplasia. Opinions are divided regarding the use of postoperative irradiation or chemotherapy. Recently we experienced 46-year-old male patient with a 12-month history of painless, firm nodule and conjunctivitis due to sebaceous carcinoma of the left upper eyelid. After surgery, serial sections of the entire conjunctiva and eyelids showed a positive cut margin in medial and lateral border. We report herein this patient that supports irradiation as the postoperative treatment of these tumors in selected patients with a review of literatures.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.388-391
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• 2009

Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA) of the lung is a rare lung tumor that's composed of glycogen rich neoplastic glands and tubules that resemble the fetal lung at 10 to 15 weeks of gestation. Although WDFA is classified as a subtype of pulmonary blastoma or pulmonary adenocarcinoma, its prognosis is better than conventional pulmonary blastoma (biphasic blastoma) or pulmonary adenocarcinoma. It is important to identify this low grade malignancy tumor in younger patients because it is associated with low mortality. We report here on 3 cases of WDFA and the patients are all currently alive without tumor recurrence.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2010

The effectiveness of 3.0T phase array coil images was tested by comparing signal-to-noise ratios for the same coil images relative to 1.5T endorectal coil images. Signal intensities were measured in the three regions of prostate, central and peripheral (right and left) after 40 patients with prostate cancer were imaged during the period between Jan. 2008 and Oct. 2009 with T2 W, T1 W, and DW images obtained respectively using endorectal coil on a 1.5T MR scanner and phase array coil on a 3.0T MR scanner. For quantitative analysis, comparisons of average SNRs for the same ROIs were made between groups scanned with a 1.5T and a 3.0T MR scanner. The signal-to-noise ratios were shown to increase more sharply when using a phase array coil at a 3.0T MR scanner compared to using an endorectal coil at a 1.5T MR scanner.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.361-364
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• 2009

Purpose: Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor derived from the adnexal epithelium of sebaceous glands. This tumor usually occurs on the eyelids, but uncommonly it may occur on the extraocular sites. It is characterized by a tendency of local recurrence and occasional metastasis. Surgical excision is appropriate treatment for patients with sebaceous carcinoma. Because this kind of case is rare, we report two cases of sebaceous carcinoma developed on scalp. Methods: Case 1 was a 69 - year - old woman. She visited the hospital with a $1.5{\times}2.5cm$ sized reddish yellow - colored, slowly growing mass on left parietal scalp. The mass began at birth and started growing at 5 years ago. Case 2 was a 67 - year - old woman. She had $2.5{\times}3.0cm$ sized yellow - colored mass on right parietal scalp. It occured at birth and started growing at 3 years ago. And the masses had erythematous ulcer with sanguineous discharge. In the beginning, the masses were miliary nodule. Results: CT scan and fine needle biopsy were done. Case 1 and 2 were diagnosed as sebaceous carcinoma. Wide excision with safety margin of 10 mm and split thickness skin graft was done. Histological examination revealed well demarcated, irregular, variable sized tumor lobules. Each lobule was composed of sebaceous and undifferentiated cells. Postoperatively, the patients did well and the lesion had not recurred. Conclusion: Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive malignant tumor. It often can be mistaken for other skin tumors. Authors experienced two rare cases of sebaceous carcinoma developed on scalp. We recommend early wide excision with enough safety margin as treatment of sebaceous carcinoma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.136-139
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• 2004

In this study, we used the rectal balloon to overcome the dose limit of the radiation therapy in the prostate cancer. Using the rectal balloon, we could minimize the planning target volume (PTV) by minimizing the internal motion of prostate and increased the gap between the rectum wall and the high dose region. To this purpose, we analyzed the position reproducibility of rectal balloon during the patient setup. Moreover, we studied the clinical feasibility of rectal balloon by performing the IMRT plan.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 1988

폐암은 비록 그 예후가 나쁜 것으로 되어 있으나, 각 환자에서의 정확한 병기결정은 치료방침과 예후결정에 중요하다. $^{99m}Tc-MDP$를 이용한 골스캔은 단순 방사선학적 검사보다 골전이의 조기진단에 예민하므로, 병기결정에 유용하다고 인정되어 왔다. 저자들은 최근 2년간 조직학적으로 확진된 폐암 환자중 치료전의 골스캔을 구할 수 있었던 202예를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 1) 전체적인 골스캔의 골전이 양성율은 43%(87/202)였으며, 비소세포폐암에서 44%(60/135), 소세포폐암에서 40%(27/67)로 나타났다. 2) 비소세포폐암 중에는 선암이 61%(19/31)의 가장높은 골전이 양성율을 보였고, 비소세포폐암의 임상적 stage II에사 29%, stage II에서 50%의 골전이 양성율을 보였다. 3) 87예의 골전이 양성중에서 고립성인 경우가 18예였으며, 다발성 69예의 골분포양상는 늑골이 가장 빈번했으며 요추, 대퇴골, 흉추 그리고 골반 순서로 나타났다. 4) 골통증이 있었던 환자 67예중 골스캔상 골전이가 양성인 경우가 57예, 골통증이 없었던 107예증 골전이 양성인 경우가 17예였고, 혈청 alkaline phosphatase가 증가되었던 65예중 47예에서 골스캔 양성이었고, 그 수치가 정상이었던 137예중 40예서 골스캔상 전이 소견을 보였다. 5) 전체적으로 증가추세에 있는 폐암 환자에 있어서 치료전의 골 스캔은 병기결정에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있는 유용한 검사라 하겠다.