• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.1 s.107
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• pp.53-59
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• 2006

Recently, 8,000TEU class containerships has started operating the shipping service and the mega-containership of over 10,000TEU is on planning. A unit cost in relation to shipping service is decreased by the bigger ship based on the economy of scale. Most of the previous studies have been performed and focused on the total operation cost from mega port to mega port. However, the purpose of this paper is to estimate economic efficiency of selected hub ports from point of view of total cost such as service cost(or operation cost), port charge and feeder cost, etc. First, the service-network of mega containerships is based on data of a domestic shipping company operated main line and economic analysis of individual scenarios on the cost and traffic when 10,000TEU mega containerships offer the services. The three scenarios presented in this paper set up the hub ports which are the port of Busan, Shanghai and Yokohama The results show that port of Busan is economically the most efficient one among others.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.709-714
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• 2004

This paper first tries to analyze total sea transport costs for the transshipment in Busan Port in comparison with direct transport to 4 Chinese Ports, Dalian, Tinajin, Qingdao and Shanghai, based on vessel operation scenarios. The results found that the transshipment in Busan port for the 4 Chinese ports are more expensive than the direct calling to the 4 ports, which implies that Busan port needs to make compensation as an incentive to the carriers providing transshipment service to it in order to keep their royalty. For the compensation, it suggested a method of calculating the Container Terminal Facilities Leasing Fee to levy additional revenue by port authority.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2015

Arctic Ocean has rapidly melted due to global warming, by this, commercial ship has been operating through the area. Reason to develop the Northern Sea Route(NSR) even in extreme conditions, the distance than the existing route is shortened, which bring economic benefits. For these reason, the International Maritime Organization(IMO) established safety standards of the Arctic navigation(Polar Code) in order to ensure safe operation in the Northern Sea Route. In this study, it has been described ice types and safety standards of Artic vessel what officer needs to know for safe navigation on the Arctic Ocean. And It was verified by simulation the theoretical knowledge for the safe operation of the Arctic vessel. As a result, it was found that ship needs to reduce speed and analyze ice for safe operation before enter into the ice, it is necessary to enter at right angle to break ice safety and efficiently. Also according to the result of the simulation of navigation entering in ice channel(Lead), it was difficult to change course, it is believed that require emergency training for passing Vessel. In the future, It shall be analyzed precisely under various conditions of scenario.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

As an alternative to environmental pollution generated from fossil fuels currently in use, research is being actively conducted to use hydrogen that does not cause air pollution. As fire and explosion accidents caused by hydrogen leakage have occurred until recently, research on safety is needed to commercialize hydrogen on ships, which are special environments. In this study, a seasonal alternative scenario for each season and the worst scenario were assumed in the event of a leakage accident while a hydrogen fuel cell propulsion ship equipped with a hydrogen storage tank was navigating at JangSaengPo port in Ulsan. In order to consider environmental variables, the damage impact range was derived through ALOHA and probit analysis based on the annual average weather data for 2021 by the Korea Meteorological Administration and on geographic information data from the National Statistical Office. Radiation showed a wider damage range than that of Overpressure and Flame in both the alternative and worst-case scenarios, and as a result of probit analysis, a fatality rate of 99% was confirmed in all areas.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

In this study, a conceptual study was performed for the leisure boat simulator used for navigation training. The aim of this work was to secure the basic operational capability of a leisure boat as a simulated driving device for a general novice operator. A leisure boat simulator was designed to support a user more efficiently regarding navigation proficiency and safety training, as well as to minimize the limitation of place and time and it conveniently and cheaply. A cockpit for navigation status display and operational input, 3D visualization graphic device, and parallel display device were designed to give the trainee a maximum sense of reality by applying a motion platform with six degree of freedom, in which disturbance movement such waves, winds, and tide were simulated for the operator. Leisure boat simulator training scenario was developed by analysis of water-related leisure activities act and sea traffic safety act.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.137-139
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• 2023

MARPOL (Maritime Pollution Treaty) 부속서 (Annex VI) 경우 대기오염 규제 내용이며, 최근 선박 배기가스 배출규제 강화 목적 개정됨에 따라 관련 규정을 충족하기 위한 적극적인 조치가 요구된다. 예를 들어 Sulfur Dioxide (SOx, 황산화물) 경우 2020년 기준 전 세계 해역 내 운항하는 선박은 황 함유량 0.5% 기준의 배출 요구 기준을 충족해야 한다. 배출규제 해역 지정 시 해당 해역 선박 배기가스 배출량 계산 산정 기준 확립이 필요함에 따라 대기환경에 대한 종합적인 분석이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 황산화물 배출량 산출 방법론으로써 그리드 셀 내 선박 점유시간을 계산한다. 점유시간이 길수록 선박 통항 및 배기가스 배출이 밀집되어 있음을 의미한다. 밀집도 분석에 더불어 선박의 특성이 반영된 시간당 배출량을 적용하여 배출 공간 인벤토리를 구축하였으며 분석 결과를 GIS (Geographical Information System) 환경에서 공간 지도로 시각화하였다. 기존 국내 황산화물 배출규제 해역의 효과 평가에 더불어 외항 범위까지 규제 확대 시나리오확립 후 비교 평가를 통하여 배출량 감소 효과를 정량적으로 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.252-261
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• 2022

The present study concerns assessing the operability of a surface combatant, based on the Percent-Time-Operable (PTO). For validation of the seakeeping analysis in the regular waves, the model test is first conducted in a towing tank. The seakeeping analysis results in the regular waves are expanded to the irregular waves, considering the wave spectra around the Korean peninsula and in North Pacific. The seakeeping criteria of the surface combatant in transit, combat, replenishment operation, and survival condition are defined by the literature review. An annual operation scenario of the surface combatant in two operation areas, i.e., advance speed and wave direction, are combined with the seakeeping analysis results to assess PTO. The main constraints of operability of the surface combatant are identified as the pitch angle and vertical velocity at the helicopter deck.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Most q the domestic container terminals are inferior to throughput q container. The reason why they have the difference between the handling capacity q planed quay and its real. By putting into quay handling equipment, the productivity of quay can be improved, waiting rate q the ship can be lowed. This paper suggests more resonable terminal construction, throughout comparing with previous construction way, improved handling capacity and the economical efficiency of equipment costs, labor costs, construction costs, operation costs on change of terminal size by adding the equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.767-776
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• 2020

Due to the recent climate change caused by global warming, weather changes in a different pattern from the past have occurred, and the increase in seawater temperature has led to an increase in the size and intensity of typhoons. Accordingly, there is an increasing need for bitts that can be used to secure mooring safety of the ship when a sudden gust occurs. Based on 12 scenarios of a mooring safety evaluation program, this study analyzed the criteria for arranging bollard and bitt, and analyzed the sensitivity of mooring safety when using storm bitts. As a result of the evaluation, it was analyzed that the mooring factor value decreased compared to the general mooring line arrangement when the fore and stern breastline were added to the bitts for gusts. The results of this study can be used as basic data for proposing storm bitts arrangements for gusts in consideration of the characteristics of berth ships and ports. From the perspective of ship operators, storm bitts at the pier will be an effective method for securing the ship's mooring safety in case of a gust of wind.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2009

This paper describes empirical approach methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of maritime transportation accident (MTA) of a merchant ship. The principal aim of this project is to estimate the risk of MTA that could degrade the ship safety by analyzing the underlying factors contributing to MTA based on the IMO's Formal Safety Assessment techniques and, by assessing the probabilistic risk level of MTA based on the quantitative risk assessment methodology. The probabilistic risk level of MTA to Risk Index (RI) composed with Probability Index (PI) and Severity Index (SI) can be estimated from proposed Maritime Transportation Accident Model (MTAM) based on Bayesian Network with Bayesian theorem Then the applicability of the proposed MTAM can be evaluated using the scenario group with 355 core damaged accident history. As evaluation results, the correction rate of estimated PI, $r_{Acc}$ is shown as 82.8%, the over ranged rate of PI variable sensitivity with $S_p{\gg}1.0$ and $S_p{\ll}1.0$ is shown within 10%, the averaged error of estimated SI, $\bar{d_{SI}}$ is shown as 0.0195 and, the correction rate of estimated RI, $r_{Acc}$(%), is shown as 91.8%. These results clearly shown that the proposed accident model and methodology can be use in the practical maritime transportation field.