• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

The ship's signal sound dispersed by air, obstacles, and noises due to absorption, reflection, and disturbances, respectively. It is one of the factors of marine casualties by misjudgment if receiving direction The last target of this study is to prevent inherent marine casualty using the analysis-evaluation techniques if the interferences of ship's signal sound. In this work, three-dimensional sound field control model is proposed to simulate various sound transmitting characteristics according to sea environments at sea The efficiency test of the model was carried out using VR-based ship simulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.452-454
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• 2012

현대 기술의 발전에 따라 다양한 항해 장비들이 개발되고 있으나, 인적 오류에 의한 해양사고는 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 인적 오류에 의한 해양사고는 항해사의 상황 인지오류 또는 현상 착각 등 많은 상황에서 일어나고 있다. 선교에는 각종 항해 장비로부터 나오는 많은 물리적 음향 신호들이 존재하며, 위험을 전파하는 경보음은 항해사에게 위험상황을 정확하게 전달하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 경보음을 항해사가 직관적으로 인지할 수 있는 선교경보관리시스템의 경보음 개발을 위한 연구를 실시하였다. 연구를 위해 기존에 선교에서 사용하는 경보음에 대해 음향학적 분석을 수행하였으며, 음성 경보음과 청각아이콘을 활용한 경보음 개발에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 그리고 현재 해양연구원에서 제작한 선교경보관리시스템(BAMS)을 간략히 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.5-7
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• 2012

선교에는 항해사에게 정보를 전달하기 위하여 다양한 신호가 존재한다. 항해 및 통신 장비로부터 나오는 음향 신호 등 다양한 청각 신호들이 존재하지만 이러한 청각 신호, 청각 경고음에 대한 인간의 인지능력에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 청각 경고음은 크게 음성(speech), 함축적 소리(abstract sound), 청각 아이콘(auditory icon)으로 구분 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 청각 경고음 중 청각아이콘을 활용하여 5가지의 경보상황(엔진, 화재, 조타, 전기, 충돌)에서 청각아이콘에 대한 감성평가를 통해 각 상황에 적합한 청각아이콘을 선별하였다. 본 연구 결과는 선교 내 청각표시장치와 통합선교알람관리시스템을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2002

바다 속에서의 소음은 해풍, 파랑, 강우 등 자연소음과 어류의 생식음, 신호음, 식이음 등 생물이 내는 음과 선박의 엔진 등과 같은 인공음이 있는데 수중가청음을 이용한 어군의 유집은 어장 조업 시에는 조업 능률을 향상시키고, 축양 어업에서는 음향 제어에 의한 자동급이와 치자어의 육성단계에서부터 음향순치를 통해 어류를 일정한 해역에 정착, 서식하도록 할 수 있어 해양목장화 등 여러 면에 응용이 되어지고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2001

The characteristics of echolocation signals of the Common Dolphin, Delphinus Delphis was observed by the hydrophone in order to detect exactly distribution and migration on whales and dolphins in Korean Coastal waters. It's observation was carried out at the position of 13 mm off Gam-Po of Korean east-southern sea at 3rd-5th. April and 13th-15th. October, 1999. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The frequency range of ship's noise and ambient noise in the observed station was 0.5-0.3 kHz, that ones could be influenced to the behavior of common dolphins which carry out echolocation using low-frequency. (2) The common dolphin was radiated single click of 8.6 ms and double click of 4.8 ms pulse width during these observation (3) The high click frequencies of common dolphin were 5.10 kHz, 7.22 kHz, 10.60 kHz with the click pulse width of 4.0 ms, 2.6 ms, 1.0 ms, respectively. In case of low-frequency 1-2 kHz, that is, 1.12 kHz, 1.38 kHz, 1.82 kHz, pulse width were 22.4 ms, 2.05 ms, 11.9 ms, respectively and they showed a tendency using triple click signal. (4) The pulse width, pulse recurrence interval and frequency range of the observed echolocation signals were 2.4-8.4 ms, 9.0-40.0 ms, 0.60-10.63 kHz respectively, and frequency spectrum level was 100-125 dB for single, double, triple click signals.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2013

In parallel with the development of ship equipment, bridge systems have been improved, but marine accidents due to human error have not been reduced. Recently, research in nautical bridge equipment has focused on suitable ergonomic designs in order to reduce these errors due to human factors. In a bridge of a ship, there are numerous auditory signals that deliver important information clearly to the sailors. However, only a few studies have been conducted related to the human recognition of these auditory signals. There are three types of auditory signals: voice alarms, abstract sounds, and auditory icons. This study was conducted in order to design more appropriate auditory icons using a sensibility evaluation method. The auditory icons were rated to have five warning situations (engine failure, fire, steering failure, low power, and collision) using the Semantic Differential Method. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for auditory displays inside bridges and for integrated bridge alarm systems.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.449-454
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• 2004

These days ships medical treatment is under unfavorable circumstances, because there is no professional doctor who can diagnose and treat the patients accurately on the ships. Therefore, ship's telemedicine should be urgently actualized to elevate the crew's my of boarding life and welfare. A purpose of this research is to develope the telemedicine system which can acquire the patient's informations like ECG and phonocardiogram used for the diagnosis and transmit those to the doctors of shore medical center. In this paper, we designed the communication part which could transmit the bio-signals acquired from the developed ship's digital ECG and stethoscope based on personal computer by the INMARSAT Also we inspected data errors through the comparison between the sent and received data And we confirmed the possibility and compatibility of the telemedicine using ship's communication system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.493-496
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 선박에서 사용하는 유수 경계면 및 온도 검출기 센싱 모듈을 설계하였다. 설계된 모듈들은 구체적으로 세부분으로 나눌 수 있다. 첫째는 유수 경계면 검출부분이고, 둘째는 온도 건출부분, 셋째는 전체를 제어하는 제어부분으로 나눌 수 있다. 처음으로 유수 경계면 검출부분은 각 물질의 고유한 유전율을 이용하여 설계하였다. 이것을 이용하여 추출된 경계면의 값은 제어부에서 스피커를 통해 사람이 들을 수 있는 신호음으로 나타난다. 두 번째는 온도 검출부분이다. 기름이나, 가스는 온도에 따라 부피가 변하게 된다. 이러한 온도를 측정함으로써 실제 부피를 정확하게 계산할 수 있다. 마지막으로 전체를 제어하는 제어부분이다. 위에서 언급한 것처럼 제어부는 PIC16F84를 사용하여 유수면 경계검출부분과 온도 검출부분을 통합적으로 제어한다. 설계된 모듈들의 결과를 보면 우선 유수 경계면 검출을 오차 $\pm$2mm 내에서 거리 측정이 이루어지며, 온도 검출은 0.2$^{\circ}C$의 정확도를 가지는 성능을 보였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2009

A moving surface vessel generates a ship wake which contains a cloud of micro-bubbles with radii ranging between $8{\sim}200{\mu}m$. Such micro-bubbles can be detected by active sonar system for more than ten minutes depending on the size and speed of the surface vessel. In this paper, a reverberation model for the ship wake is presented. The developed model consists of the acoustic scattering model due to the distribution of the micro-bubbles and the kinematic model for the moving active sonar. The acoustic scattering model is based on the volume integration, where the volume scattering strengths are obtained from the spatial distribution of micro-bubbles. Since the directivity and look-direction of active sonar are important factors for moving active sonar, the kinematic model utilizes the Euler transformation to obtain the relative motion between the global and local coordinates. In order to verify the developed model, a series of sea experiment was executed in September 2007 to obtain the spatial-temporal distribution of a bubble cloud, and analyzed to be compared with the simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.1 s.22
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

A ship can be considered as a large human-machine system and the interaction between worker and system affects the work performance and its efficiency. In the bridge if a ship, there exist many auditory signals as well as visual signals. However, only a few studies have been performed related to human recognition to alarm systems in the bridge. In this study, auditory icons and abstract sounds are compared to find more effective means if alarm systems. The study result shows that auditory icons are recognized faster than n abstract sounds. The result is expected to be use as a basic data for developing performance criteria q auditory display inside bridge and for designing integrated ship bridge alarm system.