• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.449-453
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• 2009

This study focused on the content characteristics of regulated hazardous substances in specific wastes. Regulated heavy metal such as Cu, Pb, Cd analyzed the 108 waste samples that it choice from the representative facilities. Analytical method used content test method, suggested on the basis of analytical method of developing country, and the results as compared with limited standard in Austria Petroleum, primary metalworking and electronic industry had high content of Cu more than 100 mg/kg of Austria limited standard. Pb detected high level concentration the sample that dust producted at Primary metalworking industry. In case of total Cr was show that high content at KSIC 18, 19, 23 etc but result analyzed Cr(VI), it was shown that high level at dust producted from sewing clothes and fur industry.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.4 s.66
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• pp.17-21
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• 2005

Deep-sea Manganese nodules was treated with reduction-smelting process with adding the spent Ni-Cd battery or the cobalt contained spent catalyst for recovery of nickel and cobalt metals. The nickel in the spent Ni-Cd battery could be recovered by adding $5\%$ coke as a reducing agent regardless of the amount of battery added. However, to recover cobalt from the spent catalyst, it is require to add more coke for reduction of cobalt oxide in the catalyst. The treatment of metal wastes with manganese nodules can contribute to lower the cost for the processing of nodules and to facilitate the recycling of metal wastes.

• Clean Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

Petcokes is the final product obtained from a refinery process. This petcokes includes high percentage of inorganic and sulfur compounds. Currently, the petcokes produced from domestic refinery plants include more than 6% of sulfur. To use petcokes as valuable raw materials, the weight percentage of sulfur must be lower than 2% of sulfur. Solvent extraction, thermal desulfurization, and hydro-desulfurization have been used to remove the sulfur. In this study, we attempted new approach to remove the sulfur introducing microwave energy. Microwave increase the reaction rates by providing the fast heating and disconnecting the bonding structure of the molecules. The experiments of microwave thermal desulfurization and microwave plus hydrogen gas were carried out to remove the sulfur. We obtained 68.3% of sulfur removal rate with the 2 hours of reaction time and 1835 W of microwave powder. In the experiment of microwave with hydrogen gas, we obtained 86.4% of sulfur removal rate with the 1.5 hours of reaction time and 1835 W of microwave power. If we increase reaction time or decrease the particle size of petcokes, we expect more than 90% of sulfur removal.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1993

Lithium-Carbon Intercalation Compounds(Li-CICs) have been synthesized from various carbon ma-terials by use of the modified stainless steel two-bulbs methods. These compounds had various colours by structural character of starting materials. The synthesized Li-CICs were identified to stage formation process by X-ray diffraction data. At these results, well-oriented natural graphite and graphite fiber are formed lower stages(Stage 1, Stage 2), but poor-oriented carbon fiber and petroleum cokes are also formed higher stages(Stage 3, Stage 4, Stage 5). And when we compared with measured d value and calculated d value, these values agreed with each other. But poor-oriented carbon materials are some difference from them. The stage stability and energy stage of Li-CICs were obtained by UV/VIS Spectrophotometric data. X-ray diffraction and UV/VIS Spectrophotometric data suggested that well-oriented carbon materials has distingushible curve between energy and reflectance. In these results, we know that many charge carriers between carbon layers are related to concentration of intercalants. And then, this paper also provides information on high efficiency energy storing materials at intercalation process of Li-CICs.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.412-420
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• 2018

In this work, phenolic resins containing conductive carbon fillers, such as, petroleum coke, carbon black, and graphite, were used to improve the surface heating elements by impregnating a pitch-based carbon paper. The influence of conductive carbon fillers on physicochemical properties of the carbon paper was investigated through electrical resistance measurement and thermal analysis. As a result, the surface resistance and interfacial contact resistivity of the carbon paper were decreased linearly by impregnating the carbon fillers with phenol resins. The increase of carbon filler contents led to the improvement of electrical and thermal conductivity of the carbon paper. Also, the heating characteristics of the surface heating element were examined through the applied voltage of 1~5 V. With the applied voltage, it was confirmed that the surface heating element exhibited a maximum heating characteristic of about $125.01^{\circ}C$(5 V). These results were attributed to the formation of electrical networks by filled micropore between the carbon fibers, which led to the improvement of electrical and thermal properties of the carbon paper.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.652-656
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• 2018

In this study, effects of the reaction pressure were studied for petroleum-based pitch synthesis. A two-stage reaction process was performed based on different reaction pressure conditions. Each stage experiments for the two-stage reaction were consecutively carried out. The first stage was consisted of three different pressure conditions; high (10 bar), normal and low (0.1 bar). And the second stage was carried out at the normal and low (0.1 bar) pressure. The pitch synthesis was realized at $400^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Thermal properties and molecular weight distributions of each samples were investigated by analyzing the softening point and MALDI-TOF data. Volatilized components during the pith synthesis were measured by GC-SIMDIS. In case of the first-step reaction with the high pressure condition, the low molecular weight component participated to the pitch formation more effectively and the pitch with the low softening point was obtained. However, for the case of the first-step with the low pressure, the low molecular weight component was vent outside and the partial coke formation occurred. Eventually, pitch properties such as the softening point and yield were controlled effectively by changing the pressure in the pitch synthesis reaction.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.237-255
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• 2008

This paper aims to clarify if clustering effects among industries exist and if port-industry clustering effects exist. A knock-down approach was used in a survey and 16 industries were categorized. We defined which industry is more competitive in industry clusters and port-industry clusters. Another survey to experts was carried out to identify which industry is more appropriate to one of the three ports in Sudokwon (Seoul Metropolitan Areas): Incheon port, Pyungtaik port and Dangjin port. Five manufacturing industries are selected considering port-industry clustering relationships in this area and Analytic Hierarch Process was used for a pairwise comparison. Locational, social and economic factors are selected for 1st level. A result shows that Incheon port is more competitive in petroleum manufacturing, primary metal manufacturing and rubber and plastic manufacturing and Pyeontaik port is more competitive in metal assembly manufacturing and automobile and trailer manufacturing. However, sensitivity analysis shows a turnover of ranking in some industries. As there exist slight differences among three ports, cooperation is necessary when the government and Port Authorities make plans.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.78-89
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• 2017

Spontaneous combustion propensity of various coals of carbonization grade as a pulverized fuel of coal fired power plant has been tested from an initial temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$ by heated in an oven with air to analyze an self oxidation starting temperature. This tests produce a CPT(Cross Point Temperature), IT(Ignition temperature) and CPS(Cross Point Slope) by calculated as the slope of time taken a rapid exothermic oxidation reaction at CPT base. CPS show a carbonization rank dependence, whereby wood pellet has the highest propensity to spontaneous combustion of $20.995^{\circ}C/min$. A subbituminous KIDECO coal shows an CPS values of $15.370^{\circ}C/min$ whereas it of pet coke of the highest carbonization rank has $20.950^{\circ}C/min$. The nature of this trend is most likely a concentration of volatile matter and oxygen functional groups of coal surface that governs the available component for oxidation as well as surface area of fuel char, and constant pressure molar heat.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.653-693
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• 2009

Using the Korean environmental input output analysis, this paper provides the emission intensities of the chemicals, especially, the toxic and carcinogenic substances, by linking the structure of demand, and the policy mix to abate these substances emissions. Acording to the results, Industries with the highest total emission intensities(TEI) of toxic substances are ranked : Printing and reproduction of recorded media(21), Other transportation equipment(26), Pulp and paper(11), Leather and fur products(9), Fiber yarn and fabrics(7). And the highest TEI of carcinogenic substances are Wood and wooden products(10), Motor vehicles and parts(25), Plastic and rubber products(15), Audio, video and communications equipment(23), etc.. The economic factors of changing these emissions are emission intensities and final demands. The effective combinations of policy instruments to abate these emissions are varied by the industries and substances. For example, Government need to execute the effective TEI management in the Fiber yarn and fabrics(7) sector, and, in furniture(27) sector, the reduction of final demand is more effective.