• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to Investigate the effect of environmental conditions on the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH) in soil. The soil used for this study was sandy loam. Target contaminant, diesel oil, was spiked at 10.000mgTPH/kg dry soil. Moisture content was controlled to 50%, 70%, and 90% of field capacity of the soil. Temperature was controlled to $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$. The active degradation of TPH was observed at the moisture contents of 50% and 70% of field capacity, and temperature of $10^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$. Degradation rate of n-alkanes was about two times greater than that of TPH. Volatilization loss of TPH was about 2% of initial concentration. Biocide control and no aeration experiments indicated that removal of TPH was primarily occurred by biodegradation under aerobic condition.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

Two extraction methods for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from contaminated soil were evaluated. The soil used for this study was sandy loam. Diesel oil was selected as representative petroleum hydrocarbons and was spiked at 100, 10,000, 50,000mg TPH/kg dry soil. Percentage recovery of TPH by shaking method was higher compared to Soxhlet extraction. At extraction time of 2 hours and sample to solvent ratio of 1 : 5, the highest percentage recovery was obtained. In this condition, percentage recovery of TPH in soil contaminated with 100mg/kg and 50,000mg/kg as TPH was 95.9% and 95.5%, respectively The volume of solvent lost by volatilization in shaking method was relatively small compared to Soxhlet extraction.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

In this study, the soil remediation by landfarming was carried out using microbial activators. Feasibility studies and reduction capacity of TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) were investigated in order to find out how fast and eco-friendly the contaminated soil can be recovered. The lab-test confirmed not only the performance and degradation efficiency of microbial activators but also the effect of TPH reduction in the contaminated soil. The optimum growth conditions for indigenous microorganisms were identified using microbial activators. Based on the results of TPH removal, although there had been a little of difference in between natural decomposition and microbial activators until 20 days, the sample groups of microbial activators were higher than the control ones after 20 days. Microbial activators were applied to the field experiments on landfarming. Based on the results of removal rate in each floor of soil, it was found that the removal rates were 85.8 % in the upper, 84.4 % in the middle, and 66.10 % in the bottom. Considering that the reduction rate of TPH for the control group averaged 71.1%, the microbial activators might not be fully transferred into the bottom, which resulted from the piles of soil. As the piles have already reached 1 m in the field experiments, the low piles of soil under 0.6 m may enhance the treatment efficiency of TPH.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.249-262
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• 2010

Regulatory test method for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the marine sediment and biota has not still been established even though TPHs are one of the major pollutants in marine environment. Based on the Korean Soil Standard Method (SSM) for TPHs, we considered a new treatment method for determining TPHs in marine environmental samples by using a Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometric detector. We suggested an improved recovery test for quality control procedures and introduced analytical procedures of removing sulfur, polar organic materials, water and saponification for removing neutral lipids in marine bottom sediments and biota.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2017

This study proposes a newly developed dry washing method for removing pollutants such as total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and oxidized iron from the surface of ballast gravel. A batch-type dry washing method showed a good performance in a previous study. In this study, a continuous-type dry washing system, instead of a batch-type system, was prepared to improve the efficiency of the system. A drier and a separator were also applied to this system as pre-treatment process, and the performance of this system was evaluated. In this experiment, blasting media was blasted on the polluted gravels through 12 nozzles by a pressure of $5-6kg/cm^2$ for 20-30 mins to remove TPH and oxidized iron. It was found to be possible to remove 80-90% of TPH and oxidized iron by using this system. Several ways to improve the performance were suggested in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.721-730
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• 2006

The effects of compost amendment on the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons and the activities of microorganisms in soil ecosystem have been studied in bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil. The relation between biological activities and removal of petroleun hydrocarbon was determined by ATP(Adenisine Triphosphate), n-alkanes and TPH concentration analysis. After 80 days of bioremediation, the removal of TPH in soil amended with compost increased more than 10% compared with control soil which was tilled in the same condition without compost addition. The biodegradations of n-alkanes having 12 to 20 moles of carbon were distinctive. As the soil was contaminated with more diesel, the ATP has decreased rapidly. When the TPH amounted to 80,000 mg diesel/kg, the ATP decreased to 4 ng/g from initial concentration of 65 ng/g. While the ATP in the compost amended soil increased to 112 ng/g after tilling for 6 days, the ATP in the control increased to merely 36 ng/g after tilling for 14 days. Also while the control soil showed a lag time in ATP increase, the compost amended soil did not show that but showed a rapid ATP increase within a short time. The patterns of changes in ATP concentration were similar to those in daily removals of TPH with time difference of about 7 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.552-557
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• 2015

Ballast gravel in a railroad field is often polluted by grease and heavy metals. In this paper, the performances of a dry cleaning method for polluted ballast gravel in which pollutants on the gravel surface can be physically removed was extensively studied. A polluted ballast cleaning device able to shoot emery blasting media onto the surface using compressed air was prepared. Polluted ballast gravel was put into this device for cleaning, with the treatment time varied from 1 to 10 min. The cleaning efficiency of the total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals were studied. The total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency was 70-80% for gravels sampled from a locomotive waiting line, while it was 40-60% for gravels sampled from a turnout area. The heavy metal removal efficiency exceeded 90% for copper and lead, while it was 65-80% for nickel and zinc. This system was found to be effective for the remediation of polluted ballast gravels.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.17-23
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• 2011

In this study, a series of experiments were carried out to remove total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH) and toluene by soil flushing. In batch experiments, Triton X-100 and SWA 1503 showed TPH removal efficiency of 79.0% and 69.0%, respectively. Although the TPH removal efficiency increased as the surfactant was increased in the concentration range 1-11mmol/L, the optimum concentration was 1mmol/L, considering the ratio of the removal efficiency to the amount of surfactant injected. In column experiment, the optimal velocity was 0.3mL/min. The physical aquifer model(PAM) result revealed that the soil flushing removed as much as 5.5% of the toluene under 3 pore volume(PV) conditions. To improve the soil flushing efficiency, it is necessary to find optimal condition through recirculation or reuse of surfactant.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.441-451
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• 2013

Samples for estimating concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocargons(PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPHs), and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene(BTEX) were collected at the tidal flat sediments of 8 coastal sites in Incheon, at seventy-two sampling stations for the surface sediment and twenty-four stations for the sediment core, twice in the spring and fall in 2011. This study was performed to evaluate the distributions of seasonal and spatial concentrations of PAHs, TPHs, and BTEX in the tidal flat sediments. The source origin of PAHs were carried out. The total average concentration of PAHs in the tidal flat sediment was $95.62{\mu}g/kg$. The characteristic of PAHs concentration distributions was observed that the average concentration in the autumn was lower than that in the spring, and higher concentration in the sediment core than the surface sediment, and greater vertical concentration at the top rather than the bottom in the sediment core. The total average concentration of TPHs at all sampling sites was in the value of 46 mg/kg. The characteristic of the TPHs concentration distribution was observed that the average concentration in the fall was much higher than that in the spring, and higher concentration in the surface sediment than the sediment core. The possible source of PAHs inputs were mainly derived from both pyrogenic and petrogenic origin at the surface sediment at Janghwari site and the sediment cores of both Sorae and Okyeon sites, while the rest sites of study areas originated with pyrogenic combustion.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.618-623
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• 2012

The significance of soil environment has been gradually increased because of petroleum leak accidents. Comparing with wastewater clean treatments and air pollutant controls, the soil purification requires a long-term process and it is very expensive. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated in soil. This could be applied to deciding the source of petroleum when a soil contamination accident occurs.