• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2015

Quorum sensing (QS) is involved in the process of cell-to-cell communication and as a gene regulatory mechanism, which has been implicated in bacterial pathogenicity. Bacteria use this QS system to control a variety of physiological processes. In this study, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (PPE) was first screened for its ability to inhibit QS in bio-reporter strains (Chromobacterium violaceum and C. violaceum CV026). Next, the ability of PPE to inhibit swimming motility and biofilm formation was examined in Y. enterocolitica. Additionally, changes in the expression of specific genes involved in the synthesis of the N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs; yenI and yenR) and in the flagellar regulon (fliA, fleB and flhDC) were evaluated by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The results show that PPE specifically inhibited and reduced QS-controlled violacein production by 78.5% in C. violaceum CV026, and decreased QS-associated biofilm formation and swimming motility in Y. enterocolitica without significantly affecting bacterial growth. These inhibitory effects were also associated with the down-regulation of gene expression involved in the synthesis of AHLs and in motility. Our results suggest that PPE could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent enteropathogens in humans, as well as highlight the need to further investigate the in vivo properties of PPE for clinical applications.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.86-88
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• 2005

Antifungal activity of the extracts of plants and marine microalgae against Magnaporthe grisea was investigated. Acetone extracts of promegranate rind, leek seed, and maize husk demonstrated high antifungal activity against M. grisea. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of acetone extracts of promegranate rind, leek seed, and maize husk was 100 ng/ml, $50\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Ethanol extract of Amphiprora gigantea showed antifungal activity against M. grisea with MIC of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of Punica granatum L. (PG) ethanol extracts on serum lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. In order to elucidate the effects of PG ethanol extracts on the change of lipid concentration in rats, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to groups as follows: sham-operated rats (sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG seed at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PS50), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG seed at 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PS200), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG peel at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PS50), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG peel at 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-PP200). PG ethanol extracts were orally supplemented at the level of 1mL per day for 7 weeks. The body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different between groups by t-test. The levels of total-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were not changed by supplementation of PG ethanol extracts. The level of HDL-cholesterol on serum of the OVX-PS50 and OVX-PS200 groups were similar to the OVX-control group, but the OVX-PP50 and OVX-PP200 groups were higher than sham group. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of PG peel were more effected than those of PG seed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.511-527
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to impart color to bacterial cellulose (BC) fabric using various natural plant-based dyes-namely, gardenia jasminoides, green tea, and pomegranate peel. A protein pretreatment was also applied to improve the BC fabric's dyeability and mechanical properties. The BC fabric's dyeing and mordanting conditions when using plant-based natural dyes were determined by changes in the K/S values. The dyeability of BC samples dyed with green tea or pomegranate peel improved when they were pretreated with soy protein isolate (SPI) prior to dyeing. Moreover, the SPI pretreatment was efficient in improving the BC fabric's tensile strength and flexibility. This study proposes a method for dyeing BC fabric that uses plant-based natural dyes and confirms the effects of the protein pretreatment on the fabric's dyeability and durability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1063-1072
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• 2011

This study analyzed the functional components and antioxidant activities of pomegranate juice and pomegranate husk, endocarp and seed extracts by comparing Korean and Iranian pomegranates. Korean pomegranate husk (KPH) had the highest total polyphenol content among the pomegranate extracts, and total phytoestrogen content was highest in Korean pomegranate endocarp (KPE). Iranian pomegranate endocarp (IPE) and Iranian pomegranate husk (IPH) showed the highest flavonoid levels. Overall, Korean pomegranate had more functional components than those in Iranian pomegranate. KPE had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase like-activity among all of the extracts, and KPH had the highest nitrite scavenging activity. IPE showed the highest superoxide anion scavenging activity. The ABTS$^+$ assay also indicated that IPH had the highest antioxidant activities. This study also showed that the more total polyphenols, flavonols, and phytoestrogens the pomegranate contained, the higher antioxidant activities. A positive correlation was observed between total polyphenol, flavonol and phytoestrogen levels and antioxidant activities. Korean pomegranates contained more functional components and had higher antioxidant activity than those of Iranian pomegranates. Additionally, pomegranate endocarp and seed extracts were better than pomegranate juice in terms of functional components and antioxidant activity. These results suggest that pomegranate husk, endocarp and seed extracts as well as pomegranate juice may have value as natural antioxidants with their high quality functional components and antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.702-706
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• 2008

Punica granatum (PG) evidences a variety of physiological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidative activities. Using the human basophilic KU812F cells, the inhibitory effects of the methanolic extract of PG seed, shell, and juice on calcium ionophore, A23187-induced degranulation were assessed. All of the PG extracts inhibited A23187-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ levels, ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, and histamine release in a dose-dependent manner. These results showed that all of the PG extracts are potent inhibitors of degranulation in allergic reactions, via the suppression of $Ca^{2+}$ influx.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2010

The pomegranate (Punica granatum), especially its fruit, possesses a vast ethnomedical history and represents a phytochemical reservoir of heuristic medical value. The tree and fruit can be divided into several anatomical compartments, and the fruit juice, peel and oil are known to be weakly estrogenic and heuristically of interest for treatment of menopausal symptoms and sequellae. In this study, analysis of estrogen in pomegranate extract was carried out with LC/MS/MS. Three batches of pomegranate extract samples were used to analysis the target compounds (estrogen). The contents of estrogen derivatives in the samples were 38.6 ppb of estriol, 83.5 ppb of estrone, and 10.9 ppb of estradiol. This result suggests that the pomegranate extract can used for treatment of menopause symptoms in the woman.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.29 no.4 s.330
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• pp.147-151
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• 1997

칼슘과 인은 닭이나 돼지가 요구하는 무기물의 대부분을 차지하며 또한, 무기물공급에 소요되는 비용의 거의를 차지한다. 어린동물에서의 골격성장, 성장한 동물에서의 난질과 골격강도는 경제적으로 매우 중요하듯이, 수많은 연구가 인공급원 이용률의 중요성을 주지했다. 반면에 칼슘공급원의 이용률에 대한 연구는 다소 미약했다. 사료용 인산염의 생체이용률에 관한 일반적인 경향을 이끌어 낼수 있음에도 불구하고, 상업적으로 이용가능한 인공급원에는 커다란 변이가 관찰되기 때문에 고품질의 사료제품을 유지하기 위해서는 인공급원의 꾸준한 평가제도가 요구된다. 현재로는 단위동물을 위한 인 이용률을 추정할 수 있는 실험실적 방법은 없고 동물 실험만이 유일한 방법으로 남아 있다. 인산염공급원의 칼슘 이용률은 인 이용률과 유사한 형태를 보인다. 석회석류와 굴껍질류 칼슘공급원의 입자크기에 크게 영향을 받는다. 사료내 칼슘수준이 적당할 경우에는 차이가 감소된다. 산란계에서 큰입자 석회석이나 굴껍질의 사용은 사료내 칼슘수준의 부적당, 사료 섭취감소 등과 같은 스트레스 상황에서는 난질 향상 효과가 있다. 산성용액에서의 용해도는 칼슘원마다 다르지만, 칼슘공급원에 따른 바람직한 용해속도에 관한 특별한 제안은 할 수가 없다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2006

The present study evaluated the effects of pomegranate peel (Granati pericarpium) extract on the lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet: the measured biomarkers included the TBARS value, GPx, GR, SOD and GST activities. Body fat depositions were significantly decreased in the group that received pomegranate peel. In addition, the activities of GPx, GST and SOD were significantly higher in the liver and plasma of the pomegranate peel group than in the control group. Also, the pomegranate peel diet decreased lipid peroxidation of the liver and kidney. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) showed that the DNA damage in the plasma of the pomegranate peel group was decreased compared to that of control. The present results show that a diet with added pomegranate peel exerts protective effects against oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via effects on the free radical levels in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2017

Functional foods are of great significance since our society is accelerating into aging. An aging society has many physiological metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, dementia and geriatric diseases. Fundamental treatments for the elderly are almost impossible and the social burden is heavy. If these diseases can be prevented or alleviated by improving dietary habits using functional foods, the significance would be very large. Pomegranate has been found to have 124 different kinds of phytochemicals. Polyphenols have a wide range of protective effects including various physiological metabolic diseases and cancers. It is necessary to develop functional foods such as preservatives and food extenders which can contribute to food safety, required in the food industry, by using such bioactive substances. Pomegranates have been reported to decrease the impact of many serious illnesses. There is a considerable amount of bioactive substances in the peel of a pomegranate, which has potent anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties. Unfortunately, the peel is typically discarded after processing. Despite knowledge regarding the bioactive substances in the pomegranate peel and peel extracts, including their functionality and diversity, the knowledge is not well known by consumers in general. The aim of this study was to review up to date research trends for processing and developing new functional foods by utilizing nutritional functional substances, favourite food materials, and materials for processing food contained in pomegranate peels and pomegranate peel extracts. This study will summarize the data found in pomegranate peel and pomegranate peel extract literature mainly recently published in Science Direct. There are polyphenolic compounds (ellagitannins, punicalagin, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, etc.) in the fruit peel, making up about 50% of the pomegranate's weight. The polyphenol content of a pomegranate fruit peel is 149.91 mg/g, which is about 100 times higher than the juice. Paying attention to the fact that the ellagitannin content (14.22 mg/g) in the fruit peel is also twice as high as that of the fruit juice and seeds, that confirms the possibility of utilizing the peel as a food ingredient capable of developing new, functional bioactive foods.