• 프린팅코리아
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• s.18
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• pp.138-142
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• 2003

우리나라의 옛 인쇄가 언제부터 시작되었는지는 정확히 알 수 없다. 그러나 삼국시대 인장, 비석, 경판 등을 종이에 베끼거나, 나무나 돌에 조작하던 기술이 집적되어 인쇄술로 발전하면서부터 시작되었을 것으로 보인다. 우리나라의 현존하는 가장 오래된 인쇄물은 나무판본으로 1966년 경주 불국사 석가탑에서 발견된 "무구정광대다라니경"이다. 이것은 석가탑 건립 당시인 751년(신라 경덕왕10년)경에 만든 것으로 판각이 정교하고 고졸한 느낌을 준다.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.32
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• pp.391-424
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• 2008

A Buddhist relic deposit was discovered from the three storied stone pagoda which was called as Seokgatap of Bulguksa temple in Gyeongju in 1966. In this relic deposit, several clumped papers written in ink which were found from the pagoda. These manuscripts are one of the most valuable materials for understanding Korean Buddhism and Buddhist Art History. In this paper, I examined several terms for pagoda subsidiaries found in these manuscripts, which have not been known to us up to recently. In addition, I compared these terms to the real pagodas or pagoda images in Korea. The manuscripts from Seokgatap pagdoa were composed of three different kinds of records; (1) "Record for the Repair of Mugujeonggwangtap Pagoda (無垢淨光塔重修記, 1024)"; (2)"Record for the Reconstruction of West Pagoda (西石塔重修形止記, 1038); (3)"Lists of Donors for the Reconstruction of the Pagoda in Bulguksa temple (佛國寺塔重修布施名公衆僧小名記, 1038). The terminology describing pagoda was appeared in the first and the second records. In the "Record for the Repair of Mugujeonggwangtap Pagoda", there are more than ten terms, which are presumed to be the words describing some upper decorative parts of a stone pagoda. However, in the "Record for the Reconstruction of West Pagoda", there are fifteen terms which would describe the body and base parts of the Seokgatap pagoda. These new terms for pagoda subsidiaries appeared in the manuscripts of Seokgatap Pagoda are very significant materials in understanding Korean Buddhist Art, because they show the practical terms which were used in the eleventh century Buddhism of Korea, but never known to the modern academic world. The manuscripts of Seokgatap Pagoda have not been deciphered perfectly yet, so they have to be examined with more precise as well as with wider view of Buddist and Art History.

• Korean Architects
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• no.5 s.99
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• pp.2-14
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• 1977

• Korean Architects
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• no.10 s.187
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• pp.70-75
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• 1984

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.259-275
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a pattern of letter movement that is conatituted between the original of Wu gou jing guang dai tuo luo ni jing and the existence it saw and a letter mobile state of Wu gou jing guang dai tuo luo ni jing that is discovered in Seokga-pagoda at Kyungju in Korea. In view of the results so far achieved, the original of Wu gou jing guang dai tuo luo ni jing was identified that Dunhuang sakyung is the earliest original among the existence it saw and it was changed once at Fang shan seokyung, Zhao cheng jing and koryeojang and was largely changed at Wu gou jing guang dai tuo Iuo ni jing, Zi fu zang, Qi sha zang, Yong le nan zang, Jing shan zang and Qing zang that was discovered in Seokga-pagoda. The bottom book and genealogy of Wu gou jing guang dai tuo luo ni jing were presumed that it was closely connected with the bottom book Zi fu zang because a letter mobile state of Wu gou jing guang dai tuo luo ni jing that was discovered in Seokga-pagoda was exposed without discrimination.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.309-313
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2002

Bulku temple in the city of Kyungju, Korea, built in 791 and reconstructed in the 20th century, is the home of seven national treasures including two three-story stone pagodas, Dabotap (height 10.4m, width 7.4m, weight 123.2ton) and Seokgatap (height 10.8m, width 4.4m, weight 82.3 ton). An earlier archaeological investigation shows that stone pagodas have experienced severe weathering process which will threaten their stability. At the base part of Dabotap, an offset of the stone alignment is also observed. For the purpose of the structural safety diagnosis of two pagodas, we introduce the nondestructive geophysical methods. Site characteristics around the pagodas are determined by the measurement of multiple properties such as seismic velocity, resistivity, image of GPR(ground-penetrating radar). Near the pagodas, the occurrence of high resistivity (up to 2200 Ωm) is obvious whereas their outskirts have as low as 200 Ωm. For the velocity of the P wave, the site of Dabotap has the range of 500~800 m/s which is higher than counterpart of Seokgatap with the velocity of 300~500m/s, indicating the solider stability of Dabotap site. Consequently, in addition to GPR images, the foundation boundaries beneath each stone pagodas are revealed. The Dabotap site is in the form of an octagon having 6-m-long side with the depth of ~4m, whereas the Seokgatap site the 9m × 10m rectangle with the depth of 3m. These subsurface structures appear to reflect the original foundations constructed against the stone load of ~8 ton/㎡. At the subsurface beneath the northeast of each pagoda, low seismic velocity as well as low resistivity is prominent. It is interpreted to represent the weak underground condition.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.49-58
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the overall condition of the foundation for the three storied stone pagoda of Bulguksa temple in GyeongJu. As a research method, exploration of the electrical resistivity, refraction seismic, surface wave exploration, GPR exploration, Reputation loading test. The results of the investigation, the range of the foundation was formed in foundation stone outskirts of 1.5 ~ 2.0m. It was confirmed to be about 2.0m depth. The depth of the foundation becomes shallower from the base portion to the outside. And the bearing capacity of foundation was sufficient conditions to weight. It can sufficiently support the weight of pagoda. And, the result of this investigation becomes basis data for repair work.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2001

We have carried out a nondestructive close examination for the purpose of the structural safety diagnosis of the Three-Story Pagoda(Seokga Pagoda) in Bulkuk temple in the city of Kyungju, Kyungbuk, Korea. Ultrasonic wave velocities were measured at 456 points of the pagoda comprising 44 blocks to estimate the mechanical properties of rock blocks constituting the pagoda. The measured velocities have the range of 1217 to 4403 m/sec with the average of 3227 m/sec. The empirical relationship between the ultrasonic velocity and the uniaxial compressive strength yielded the estimation of strength of each block, ranging from 134 to 844 kg/cm^2 and averaging 463 kg/cm^2. With an assumption that the strength of each block is described as a random variables having a normal distribution, we calculated the probability of failure of rock blocks of the pagoda. Our investigation revealed that the probability of the structural failure due to the weight of higher blocks is very low. However, the probability of partial failure around contact area is substantial, which is consistent with the appearance that edges and the corners of some blocks were broken off. The platform under the body of the pagoda appeared to be structurally weak as the probability of tensile failure of the lower platform is up to 18%, and diagonal fractures are shown where the probability of failure is high.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2003