• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1732-1739
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors that influence consumption pattern of snacks of middle school students. The subjects of study were 607 middle school students (male: 316, female: 291) in Ilsan area. The subjects were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire about anthropometrics, mother's employed status, parents' education level, and snack consumption pattern. Male students showed higher consumption in 'milk and milk products' (p<0.05), 'instant noodles' (p<0.01), and 'cereal' (p<0.05). In the other hand, female students showed higher consumption in 'biscuits, cookies' (p<0.01) and 'candy and chocolates' (p<0.01). Subjects in underweight group showed higher frequency in the consumption of 'biscuits, cookies' (p<0.05) and 'candy and chocolates' (p<0.001) compared with normal weight or overweight subjects. The subjects with mother not having a job showed higher consumption of snacks under controlling parents (p<0.001), and higher consumption in 'fruit and fruit juice' (p<0.05) and 'milk and milk products' (p<0.01) compared to the subjects with mother having a job. The subjects with parents having higher education level showed higher of consumption in 'fast food'. These results suggest that general characteristics of the subjects and characteristics of family environment may affect consumption pattern of snacks in middle school students.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.211-240
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• 2010

Gwang-Kuk Wonjong Gongsin-Nokgwon(光國原從功臣錄券) is a book which recorded the titles of position and the names of retainers who corrected the Chosun dynasty's genealogy. This study aims to research into existing 4 books of Gwang-Kuk Wonjong Gongsin-Nokgwon, which were to analyze the reasons of grant, structure and forms, the characteristics of meritorious retainers' official positions and social status. As the result, Gwang-Kuk Wonjong Gongsin-Nokgwon is the metal typologic book which was made up Jaeju-Gapin(再鑄甲寅) letter type. The structure of the Gwang-Kuk Wonjong Gongsin-Nokgwon was composed of the beginning(卷首) the body(本文) the end(卷末). Gwang-Kuk Wonjong meritorious retainers formed the total of 872 persons(1st grade: 137 persons, 2nd grade: 136 persons, 3rd grade: 599 persons) with 354 official titles. Also an analysis of their social status confirmed that 872 persons were "Yang-ban(兩班)" which constituted the largest group(748 persons : 85.8%), "Jung-in(中人)" were second group(103 persons : 11.8%), "Yang-in(良人)" were 13 persons(1.5%) and "Chun-in(賤人)" were 8 persons(0.9%).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.4 s.107
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• pp.549-556
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a system for generating skeleton programs for directly transforming an XML document to another document, whose structure is defined in the target DTD with GUI environment. With the generated code, the users can easily update or insert their own codes into the program so that they can convert the document as the way that they want and can be connected with other classes or library files. Since most of the currently available code generation systems or methods for transforming XML documents use XSLT or XQuery, it is very difficult or impossible for users to manipulate the source code for further updates or refinements. As the generated code in this paper reveals the code along the XPaths of the target DTD, the result code is quite readable. The code generating procedure is simple; once the user maps the related elements represented as trees in the GUI interface, the source document is transformed into the target document and its corresponding Java source program is generated, where DTD is given or extracted from XML documents automatically by parsing it. The mapping is classified 1:1, 1:N, and N:1, according to the structure and semantics of elements of the DTD. The functions for changing the structure of elements designated by the user are amalgamated into the metadata interface. A real world example of transforming articles written in XML file into a bibliographical XML document is shown with the transformed result and its code.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.113-119
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of stepwise education for operation patient care according to nursing satisfaction on the critical thinking disposition and clinical performance. The participants were 192 junior students who signed a consent form with an explanation of the study. Data were obtained from the students on the first day of junior's first semester and the last day of junior's first and second semester. Data analysis was performed using the number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA through the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results showed that nursing students with high nursing satisfaction had higher critical thinking disposition than those with lower nursing satisfaction (F=4.57, p=.012). There were no significant differences according to time (F=0.20, p=.821). The clinical performance was not significantly different according to nursing satisfaction (F=1.08, p=.343) and time (F=1.58, p=.210). This means that increasing nursing satisfaction would be a strategy for increasing the critical thinking disposition that was the core competency of nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.358-368
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• 2011

Responses of plankton populations to nutrient enrichment in mesocosm experiments in Shihwa lake were simulated using FVCOM. Dissoloved oxygen module was added to the FVCOM to simulate impacts of its decreased levels. The ecological model included the major components of the pelagic ecosystem including nutrients, phytoplankton (pico-, nano-, micro-), zooplankton (two groups of protozoa, mesozooplankton), particulate organic matter, dissolved organic matter and bacteria, and was calibrated using trophodynamic data collected from Gyeonggi Bay and Shihwa Lake. The model was able to reproduce major responses of plankton populations to nutrient enrichment, including phytoplankton of different size groups, change of dominance of protozoa from < 20 ${\mu}m$ oligotrichs to scuticociliates, and reponses to bacteria and low levels of dissolved oxygen in water column of the mesocosms.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.714-719
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• 2013

The bent peduncle phenomenon (BPP) is known as a kind of physiological disorders found in cut rose plants, which causes the reduction of cut flower yields. As yet unknown mechanisms, however, it has not been easy to find solutions for BPP. To address this challenge, this study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of floral morphology, growth, and endogenous phytohormone level of BPP shoots in cut rose plants (Rosa hybrida L. 'Beast'). Morphological observation confirmed the fact that BPP was accompanied by the early formation and being phyllody of a specific sepal among five sepals, which gave rise to peduncle bending in the upper part of the phyllody with fasciation. Year-round BPP frequency in 'Beast' cultivar was in the range of 5 to 20% with seasonal change, increasing rapidly with an average temperature rise in summer. Except bent peduncle, the BPP shoots appeared to grow normally in terms of speed and size of floral development in comparison with normal. However, carbohydrate distribution to the floral part in BPP shoots was significantly reduced. The level of endogenous IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) within the floral part in BPP shoots was highly maintained during floral development, in contrast to normal shoots. $GA_3$ contents were not significantly different between normal and BPP shoots. This study indicates that BPP would be induced by a series of courses: abnormally early formation of a specific sepal relative to high temperature, being phyllody of the sepal with fasciation, and continuous supply of endogenous IAA by phyllody.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.27-60
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• 2012

Jeong-Kuk Wonjong Gongsin-Nokgwon(靖國原從功臣錄券) is a book that recorded the titles of position and the names of retainers who helped the King Jung-Jong's revolution. This study aims to analyze the existing two books of Jeong-Kuk Wonjong Gongsin-Nokgwon, in order to figure out the reasons of grant, structure and forms, the characteristics of meritorious retainers' official positions and social status. The result shows that, Jeong-Kuk Wonjong Gongsin-Nokgwon was printed with the Choju-Gapin (初鑄甲寅) letter metal movable types. This book was composed of the beginning(卷首), the body(本文), and the end(卷末). Jeong-Kuk Wonjong meritorious retainers formed the total of 3,340 persons(1st grade: 418 persons, 2nd grade: 1,016 persons, 3rd grade: 1,906 persons) with 432 official titles. Also an analysis of their social status confirmed that 2,376 persons were "Yang-ban(兩班)" which constituted the largest group(2,376 persons: 71.1%), "Jung-in(中人)" were second group(494 persons: 14.8%), "Yang-in(良人)" were 272 persons(8.2%) and "Chun-in(賤人)" were 198 persons(5.9%).

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

The application of sulfur polymer emulsion (SPE) as an acrylate substitute for semi-rigid pavement grout was evaluated, and the performance improvement by employing PVA fibers were also evaluated. The result indicated that the filling ratio of semi-rigid pavement material decreased as the fiber content increased, but it was measured to be 92~94% in every mixing condition, which satisfies the target performance, 90%. The maximum Marshall stability value of semi-rigid pavement material was measured to be 25.4 kN, which is about 4.7 times higher than the Korean Standard required for semi-rigid pavement material, 5.0 kN. The dynamic stability evaluation of semi-rigid pavement material indicated that the resistance to deformation from the wheel tracking test was improved by an SPE substitution, and in every mixing condition, the deformation converged to a constant value after 45 minutes with the same dynamic stability of 31,500 times/mm. The strain at the flexural failure was about 0.53%, which shows superior rigidity to asphalt pavements. The examination of abrasion resistance and impact resistance showed that the loss ratio was 9.8~6.0% in every mixing condition, which indicates a good abrasion resistance. Also, when fiber content ratio was 0.3%, the impact resistance was 2.82 times higher compared to plain (i.e., when fibers were not added). In the limited range of this study, an SPE substitution ratio of 30% was found to be an optimal level considering the mechanical and durability performance. In addition, it is thought that semi-rigid pavement material with superior performance could be manufactured if fiber content ratio up to 0.3% is applied depending on the purpose of use.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.295-313
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• 2002

While the growth of Taegu has occurred through the land readjustment project, the public sector development project and the construction of roads, its growth pattern has been shaped by physical constraints such as mountains, streams and rail roads. The processes of urban growth of Taegu are classified into four stages: the stage of urban embryo in the Chosun Era; the formation stage of the basic urban system after the Japanese Colonial Era up to 1960; the stage of urban growth in the industrialization period from 1960s to 1980; and lastly, the stage of urban expansion and maturation, with construction of extensive newly developed districts, after the 1980s. Since its promotion to a metropolitan city with the inclusion of Seongseo, Wolbae, Gosan, Ansim and Chilgok in 1981, those regions have grown into newly developed residential districts, with its accompanying high density and high rise apartments complexes, through the public sector development project. These newly developed districts are located about six to seven kilometers away from CBD of the city along with main radial roads. The sites are also located on the route of the fourth belt way of the city. While the Sangin, Seongseo and Jisan Beommul newly developed districts have developed contiguously with the existing built-up areas, the Siji and Chilgok districts have developed separately by the green belt and the Geumho River, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to compare the smoking behaviors in adolescents from monocultural and multicultural families and to evaluate the associations between their smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts. Methods: The data used in this study was collected from The Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between the adolescents in the multicultural and monocultural families were analyzed through the ${\chi}^2$-test, and a logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts of the adolescents in multicultural families. The process involved an analysis using a complex sample design. Results: There was significant difference in the weighted rates of the current smoking behavior (13.3% vs. 8.4%, p<0.001), experience of violence (6.8% vs. 2.3%, p<0.001), and number of suicide attempts (5.4% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001) between the adolescents from the multicultural and monocultural families. In both groups, the current smoking behavior was associated with the number of suicide attempts (multicultural families OR=6.5, p=0.005; monocultural families OR=1.5, p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed that the percentage of current smokers in the adolescents from multicultural families was higher than that in the monocultural families and that current smoking behavior is related to the number of suicide attempts in both groups, after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, current smoking behavior, depressive mood and experience of violence.