• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.2 s.29
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• pp.20-44
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• 2005

통과한의학화서양의학적원리연구심신적상호관계(通過韓醫學和西洋醫學的原理硏究心腎的相互關係), 득도료여하결론(得到了如下結論) 경연구심신지간재한의학상구유(經硏究心腎之間在韓醫學上具有): 심양여신음유'심신상교'적'수화기제'관계(心陽與腎陰有'心腎相交'的'水火旣濟'關係). 차외환유신양(명문화)여심양(심화)적상호의존관계(此外還有腎陽(命門火)與心陽(心火)的相互依存關係). 우유심장신여신장정적상호의존관계이지유신정충족시(又有心藏神與腎藏精的相互依存關係而只有腎精充足時), 재가이사심주신지적공능유지정상(才可以使心主神志的功能維持正常). 경연구심신지간재서양의학상구유(經硏究心腎之間在西洋醫學上具有): 제일(第一), 심장여신장재해부학상밀절연계(心臟與腎臟在解剖學上密切聯係), 즉종심장좌심실분지출신동맥(卽從心臟左心室分枝出腎動脈), 진이형성신소구등신장적혈관구화모세혈관강(進而形成腎小球等腎臟的血管球和毛細血管綱). 제이(第二), 심장향신장공응혈액(心臟向腎臟供應血液), 신장시인체중접수혈공최다적장기(腎臟是人體中接受血供最多的臟器). 제삼(第三), 심장통과심납소(ANP)적분비(的分泌), 증가신혈류양급신소체여과율(增加腎血流量及腎小體濾過率). 제사(第四), 신장통과신소(腎臟通過腎素)(renin)적분비조절혈압(的分泌調節血壓). 제오(第五), 신공능부전대심장구성부면영향(腎功能不全對心臟構成負面影響). 제육(第六), 심장여신장지간종서양의학적각도고려(心臟與腎臟之間從西洋醫學的角度考慮), 야존재착상생화상극관계(也存在着相生和相克關係). 경연구심신적상호관계재수행중적작용(經硏究心腎的相互關係在修行中的作用), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論): 제일(第一), 수행영인안정심지(修行令人安定心志), 사심화하강(使心火下降). 제이(第二), 수행시적호흡조절조폐금생신수(修行時的呼吸調節助肺金生腎水), 저시소유적수행법도재중시호흡조절적근본이유(這是所有的修行法都在重視呼吸調節的根本理由). 제삼(第三), 수행시발생수승화강(修行時發生水昇火降). 저실제상시의뢰심화중적일음효여신수중적일양효적발동내완성(這實際上是依賴心火中的一陰爻與腎水中的一陽爻的發動來完成). 제사(第四), 통과수행(通過修行), 가이달도보정적목적(可以達到保精的目的), 유차보장생명적지보(由此保藏生命的至寶). 제오(第五), 통과수행(通過修行), 가이달도연정화기(可以達到煉精化氣), 약능주도연정화기(若能做到煉精化氣), 가사인체불누설정액(可使人體不漏泄精液), 반이화기이증강인체기능(反而化氣以增强人體機能), 시보정적유효수단(是保精的有效手段). 수행적관건시'남자수성불누정(修行的關鍵是'男子修成不漏精), 여자수성온불누경(女子修成不漏經)'.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1008-1017
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• 2010

The current study aims to determine the effects of descriptive menu labels on customers' purchase intentions in a restaurant setting. The research identified the importance of information provided by the menu labels as well as how the different types of descriptive menu labels affect patrons' purchase intentions in an American-style restaurant. The subjects evaluated in this study were foreign clients who frequented the Western cuisine restaurant in the United States Forces Korea. A total of 351 questionnaires were analyzed by factor analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis by means of SPSS 15.0. As a result, it was found that comprehension of menu and price were the most necessary pieces of information for customers encountering menu labels, and sensory type of descriptive menu labels was the most preferred. In addition, differences in the purchase intentions of customers in response to different types of descriptive menu labels suggests that there were more statistically significant differences in the perception of purchase intention among descriptive labels as compared to usual menu labels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.463-466
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to analyze the process of lighthouse in the Daehan Empire. It has been considered that the lighthouse of the Daehan Empire had been built by Japanese lighthouse engineer Ishibashi Ayahico. But in this study, the rule of John Reginald Harding as an light house engineer in Korea from 1899 to 1906 will be said. It was considered that the first lighthouses in Korea were built in Incheon in 1903. But because John Reginald Harding came and designed lighthouse at Mokpo 1899, we need to research more carefully. And also many lighthouses have been placed along the coastline by selection by John Reginald Harding. So Korean Lighthouses had been developed by Ishibashi Ayahico as well as John Reginald Harding.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2023

The purpose of this research is to investigate Korean architects' perception of the Modern Movement in architecture in the West during the Japanese colonial period, by analyzing two Korean publications in the 1930s: Park Dongjin's 'Present Architectural Tendency' (Dong-A Ilbo, March 1931) and Hong Yunsick's 'Trend in the Thought of Moderne Baukunst' (Chogwang, September 1937). As a result of the investigation, it is confirmed that the two men welcomely accepted the universal modernity, regarding the rational and functional - rather than subjective expressions of the individual - as the key to modern architecture. Although their perception of the Modern Movement in Western architecture was inevitably superficial due to the limited condition of the Japanese colonial period in Korea, there was an obvious advancement in the latter's perception from the former's, reflecting the progress in knowledge of it over the six and a half years between the two. Therefore, it is argued that their 1930s' writings are meaningful as the first Korean publications that illustrate how Korean architectural circles perceived the contemporary architectural movement in the West.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.333-374
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• 2009

Korean traditional education emphasizes moral education than any other country or culture. Education is recognized as practical task for self-realization and self-transcendence in traditional Confucian community. This study starts from two questions. First, how moral education in Korea from late in the 19th, when the modernized schooling started, to now can be classified according to social and political circumstances? Second, what is the main issue of moral education in the progress of Korean education after independence from Japanese imperialism? Especially, this study focuses on reflecting and reviewing these issues by context of Eastern moral education. After late in the 19th century, moral education in Korea is divided into three types: "Education for loyalty and filial piety and Moral cultivation", "Citizenship education and Education for anti-communism", and "Moral education and Character education". This study mainly insists these types of moral education distort the sprit by political interests rather than inherit and develop sprit or basic value of moral education. Furthermore, this study discusses characteristic of moral education and way to improve based on important two issues in Korean society; "Nationalism in moral education" and "Western biased education" Making individual's free will into group consciousness in accordance with political power group's interests rather than developing moral community based on each one's character building, nationalism in moral education deepens self-alienation. Western biased education makes self-negation as it considers western as core, and Korea and other traditional ideas as side. This study emphasizes reanalysis Eastern moral education and need effort for understanding of Eastern moral education to overcome Western biased education in Korean moral education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2011

This study is about the governor general's official residence and its garden in Yongsan that were constructed during the Japanese occupational time. The garden design drawing was also made while planning such Neo-Baroque style building, and it contains particular information of the garden unlike the other existing landscape drawings. The content of garden translated and landscape historical value drawn out by analysis of garden drawings, press articles and literatures are as follows; First, such governor general's official residence garden in Yongsan is likely to be the Korean first western style landscape form. For, from the point that it was completely constructed together with such official residential building in 1909, its construction time should be before that of the garden of Seokjojeon, Deoksu Palace, which was constructed in 1911. Second, it shows the garden style and garden planting factors introduced together with the modern architecture then. Such garden planting factors are placed from the center axis of the garden that is connected to the center of the building and monument as well. Such style and factors cover and show the flower bed appearing in Baroque style gardens, the monument that forms Vista playing the center of audience's vision, water space that is placed symmetrically against the axis, planting pattern that emphasizes the plants' space, flower bed shape and axis, and what kinds of plants were introduced then. Third, it shows the using pattern of western style gardens. Western style garden parties used to take in place in this garden while official dinner and reception were held in the evening in the official residence. Fourth, it shows the historical value as a modern landscape drawing, which is the Korean first landscape drawing that shows the plants' names and planting techniques marking the current height and planned height for change of topography and water system as a water landscape factor. That is, this drawing has the value that it was upgraded from the other existing ones that expressed only simple plants' symbols or flower bed shapes. I, therefore, hope that the studies on the modern landscape would be getting wider by excavation of new historical records in the future.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2001

다양한 분야에서 시도된 문화 교류 중, 가장 성공적인 혼합은 바로 음식문화의 결합으로 동서양의 맛을 혼합한 Fusion 음식이라고 할 수 있다. Fusion 음식은 세계적인 추세를 보더라도 국내에서 잠시 유행하다가 사라져버릴 장르의 요리는 결코 아니며, 오히려 더욱 다양한 형태의 Fusion 음식을 표방하는 레스토랑들이 생겨날 것이다. Fusion음식이 국적 없는 음식으로서 전통의 맛을 죽인다는 비판도 있지만, 올바른 Fusion 음식은 그저 무국적 음식이 아니라 오히려 전통의 맛을 이어가면서 발전시키는 다음 단계로 보는 것이 정확 할 것이다. Fusion 음식은 결국 여러 나라의 식문화를 합친 결과로, 각 나라의 기본적인 식문화에 바탕을 둔 조리기법이다. 다시 말해서 Fusion 음식의 뿌리는 수백 수 천년을 거슬러 올라가 각 나라의 전통음식이라고 할 수 있으며 오히려 동.서양의 기본적인 조리기법을 완벽하게 숙달해야만 성공적인 Fusion 음식을 구연할수 있는 것이다. 국내에는 이러한 기본적인 원칙이 무시된 채 급하게 도입되면서 현재 다소 침체된 느낌이지만 이 같은 단계를 통하여 발전될 것이고, 이러한 바람직한 경쟁과 연구를 통해 선진국에 비해 현실적으로 현저하게 뒤떨어져 있는 한국의 식문화 수준도 높아질 것이다. 그러나 아무리 새로운 음식과 재료가 쏟아져 들어온다 하더라도 그것을 주체적으로 소화해낼 수 있는 문화적 잠재력이 없다면 "Fusion" 이 라는 것도 단지 한때 흘러가는 하나의 유행일 수밖에 없다. 따라서 한국적인 Fusion 요리의 개발을 통하여 외국인들에게 거부감 없이 쉽게 한국의 맛을 전하고 한국음식의 세계화를 보다 효과적으로 이룰 수 있어야 할 것이다. 특히 된장, 고추장, 김치 등 발효음식의 특성을 살린 Fusion 음식을 개발해 한식의 세계 상품화를 시도해야할 시점이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 1988

The changes in the dietary pattern of Koreans during the last one century and its consequences are summarized as follows; 1. Until the beginning of 20th century, Koreans used variety of cereals, vegetables and fruits for their staple food, but the variety has been largely reduced by the agricultural development and urbanized life style. 2. The well balanced traditional dietary pattern of Korean had been deeply deteriorated by the food shortage during the Japanese occupation and Korean war. 3. The deteriorated nutritional condition of Korean was not remedied by the restoration of traditional dietary pattern, but attempted to overcome it by the adoption of Western food habit. 4. The people were trained to eat milk and flour-meals during the starvation of Korean war, and it was continued after Korean war through the animal husbandry promotion policy. 5. The importation of food and feed cereals has been increased rapidly during the economic growth in 1970's and the food self-sufficiency droped below 50%. 6. In 1970's, the food supply pattern of Korean was restored to the level of early 1900, but the consumption of lipid increased extraordinarily. 7. The overconsumption of animal food and lipid continues in 1980's, and it coincides with the rapid increase in the occurence of food related degenerative deseases. 8. The establishment of Korean dietary goal which is based on the traditional dietary pattern is needed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.95-114
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• 2011

Western style timber roof trusses used as typical roof structures of buildings during a modern period have been developed with the interactions with their facade and functionality. The shapes of trusses and member sizes have been diversely changed by the purposes of architects, historical circumstances, and structural characteristics. For this reason, the change in the shapes of western style timber trusses along the times is one of important technology assets demonstrating the development of their structures during the modern period. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out their structural characteristics throughout parametric analysis of which parameters were determined from the collected and classified documents on western style timber roof structure built in the modern period carefully obtained from public institutions. Results of the parametric analysis are as follows. The number of king-post trusses and modified king-post trusses built between 1920 and 1937 reaches almost half of the total number of truss types investigated. The mean values of their spans, distances, tributary areas, and height are respectively, 10.5m, 2.4m, $24.37m^2$and 3.24m. The cross-section areas of trusses tend to reduce since the city construction law was enacted in 1920. Also, this study found that western architects usually used larger structural members than eastern architects and usages and finishing materials of roof trusses are not always considered as one of the important design parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.224-241
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• 2017

This study considered the change process for Western style shoes in Korea during the time of modernization in the 1920s to 1930s. Western style shoes were one of the items imported by foreigners since the Joseon Dynasty and had a significant impact on Korean dress code. It influence started to spread in the 1900s; however, few high level people wore Western shoes until the 1920s. The trend started to spread through newspaper advertisements and news articles after the mid 1920s. Western shoes such as modern girl and modern boy in the 1930s then entered into Korean culture. Korea under Japanese colonial rule was reorganized on a war footing in the latter half of the 1930s and the main materials for western shoes (cow leather, horse leather and sheepskin) were mobilized as materials for war production; subsequently, new materials using rubber were introduced. The representative material is 'Marine Leather (水産皮革)' and Sharkskin 'Gyoheok (鮫革)' and Whaleskin 'Gyeongpi (鯨皮).' Form is like the material has changed over time. This study also observed the flow of westernized Korean modern shoes as well as analyzed the details of materials and shape of western shoes by period. This represent basic materials to understand the legacy of western shoes in the age; in addition, systemic summary is organized by each kind, shape and materials for each style of western shoes.