• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.380-389
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• 2020

Research on diagnosing and predicting the response of ecosystems caused by environmental changes such as artificial disturbance and climate change is emerging as the most important issue of biodiversity and ecosystem researches. This study aims to clean, standardize, and provide the results of National Ecosystem Survey which should be considered fundamentally in diagnosing and predicting ecosystem changes in the form of dataset. To refine and clean the dataset we developed a simple verification program based on the fifth National Ecosystem Survey Guideline and applied that program to the data from the second (1997~2005), third (2006~2013) and fourth (2014~2018) National Ecosystem Survey. Data quality control processes were implemented including (1) standardization of terminology, (2) similar data table integration, (3) unnecessary attribute and error elimination, (4) unification of different input items, (5) data arrangement in codes, and (6) code mapping for input items. These approaches and methods are the first attempt propose an option for ecological data standardization in Korea. The standardized dataset of National Ecosystem Survey in Korea will be easily accessible, reusable for both researchers and public. In addition, we expect it will contribute to the establishment of diverse environmental policies concerning environmental assessments, habitat conservation, prediction of endangered species distribution and ecological risks due to climate change. The dataset through this study is open freely online via EcoBank (nie-ecobank.kr) which is the first ecological information portal system in Korea developed by National Institute of Ecology.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2021

Macroinvertebrates in forest streams affect the overall health of other streams in the same water system. In this study, we compared differences in the benthic macroinvertebrate community at two headwater streams located at different latitudes in the southern and northern parts of South Korea. We calculated the community temperature index (CTI), which represents the thermal preferences of the benthic communities. Hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA) were conducted to compare the similarities among sampling sites. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between community composition and environmental and community characteristics using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Our results showed that CTI was significantly different between the two regions, indicating that these benthic macroinvertebrate communities have different thermal preferences. These two regions were clearly distinguished from each other in the HCA; furthermore, seasonal differences in benthic community composition were observed within each region. The functional feeding groups present in the benthic macroinvertebrate communities were different even though their habitat was similar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

In Suwon, the overall hygiene of the city is threatened by the emergence of the rook(Corvus fugilegus) in the city. Rooks began to appear in November of 2016 and has continued to appear from November to March every year. In order to eradicate or to prepare an alternative habitat for rooks, this study aimed to identify the preferred habitat and specific environmental variables. Therefore, in this work, we aim to understand the predicted distribution of rooks in Suwon City with citizen science and through MaxENT, the most widely utilized habitat modeling using citizen science to analyze the preferred habitat of harmful tides appearing in urban areas. In this study, seven environmental variables were chosen: biotope group complex, building floor, vegetation, euclidean distance from farmland, euclidean distance from streetlamp, and euclidean distance from pole and DEM. Among the estimated models, after the time period of sunrise (08:00~18:00) the contribution percentage were as following: euclidean distance from arable land(39.2%), DEM(25.5%), euclidean distance from streetlamp(22.3%), euclidean distance from pole(7.1%), biotope group complex(4.9%), building floor(1%), vegetation(0%). In the time period after sunset(18:00~08:00) the contribution percentage were as following: biotope group complex(437.4%), euclidean distance from pole(26.8%), DEM(13.4%), euclidean distance from streetlamp(11.8%), euclidean distance from farmland(7.9%), building floor(1.4%), vegetation(1.3%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2022

Sinsu Island in Korea National Marine Park is suitable for geological learning and geotourism as various geological structures, geological activities, and fossils can be observed. In this study, eight geosites were developed by analyzing 2015 revision science curriculum. The 3D panoramic geological virtual field trips were developed according to the three-step outdoor learning model. The 3D panoramic geological virtual field trips, which consist of 8 classes, are composed of cooperative learning by group, enabling autonomous inquiry activities. It is designed to realize convergence education that can learn not only geology but also creativity and humanity through nodular Limestones, exfoliation, salt weathering, perforated shell holes, sedimentary structures and environments, dinosaurs habitats, and volcanic activity. Five experts revised and supplemented the Delphi analysis method to verify the validity of the development purpose and direction. The satisfaction with the geological field for Sinsu Island course was 4.52, indicating that the overall satisfaction with the field course was high. By reflecting on the opinions of each student and reinforcing safety education, we completed the 3D panoramic geological virtual field trips for Sinsu Island. The 3D panoramic geological virtual field trips in Sinsu Island in Korea National Marine Park will be a good example of geology learning tourism where you can make memories and enjoy while studying geology.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.651-658
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• 2022

To cope with climate change, studies are being conducted on natural-based solutions (NBS) that reduce carbon by utilizing ecosystems and ecological resources ultimately to achieve carbon neutrality. In this study, carbon storage and economic value evaluations were conducted of the coastal land and sea of Busan using InVEST's Carbon and Coastal Blue Carbon models, which are ecosystem service-based evaluation models. As a result, it is estimated that the amount of carbon storage per unit area is lower than that of the entire Busan land area and that if the currently underway or planned development works are completed, the carbon storage of the coastal land areas would be decreased more. Coastal sea areas have less carbon storage than coastal land, but there is great potential for NBS that utilize ecological resources in the future. If the reclamation of public water affects important habitats with high carbon storage levels, it will reduce these levels, and such negative effects could last for a long time. For the sustainable management of Busan coastal areas, ecosystem service-based management strategies are needed considering carbon storage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2022

The habitat degradation caused by large-scale reclamation leads to devastating impacts, such as fine sediment and mud shrimp Upogebia major settlement on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum aquaculture in the eastern Cheonsu Bay tidal flats, Republic of Korea. Despite these impacts, there is a lack of studies on the influence of fine sediments on tidal flats that constitute key mud shrimp habitats. This study provides information on the seawater-sediment environment and the influence of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fluctuations depending on mud shrimp burrow hole density. Additionally, it discusses countermeasures for Manila clam habitat management. The results show that mean DIN effluxes in areas with a high-density of burrow holes were up to 4 times (0.12 mmol m^-2 d^-1) higher than those in sites of low-density (0.03 mmol m^-2 d^-1) within the Saho and Songhak-ri tidal flats. To manage interference within the competition zone of Songhak-ri tidal flat, it is important to utilize the settlements of spawning season in all three dimensions. Consequently, additional studies in other tidal flats are essential and research in zones where mud shrimps and juvenile clams coexist will help to determine the priorities in the efficient management of clam aquaculture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.843-852
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• 2022

To determine the composition of benthic species on the southwest coast, a macrobenthos study was conducted at 18 sites on the islands of Wando and Jodo for seven summers (2014-2021) from June to September. Two hundred and twenty species(645 ind./m²) were collected on the rocky shores of Wando and Jodo. A similar number of species was observed in Wando (165 species) and Jodo (167 species). The mean density was higher in Wando (726 ind./m²) than in Jodo (564 ind./m²). The number of species was the highest at Site 15 (116 species), and the density was highest at Site 7 (1,664 ind/m²). The dominant species were Nodilittorina radiata with 175 ind./m² (27.1%), Littorina brevicula with 97 ind./m² (15.1%), and Heminerita japonica with 41 ind./m² (6.3%). The climate change indicator species, Tetraclita japonca, appeared in 15 sites, and the endemic species, Ptilohyale bisaeta, appeared in some sites. Fusinus spectrum, which appears on the Red List as a Near Threatened (NT) species, the lowest level of extinction risk, appeared in Jodo. The macrobenthos of Wando and Jodo demonstrated the general characteristics of rocky shores in Korea. Based on the tides and substrate, the rocky shores revealed a vertical distribution trend where Nodilittorina radiata, Littorina brevicula, Chthamalus challengeri, and Reishia clavigera were dominant. Wando and Jodo exhibited similar habitat distribution patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

This study investigates the characteristics and physical habitat requirements for each Bufo gargarizans life history through a literature survey. After deriving variables for each component of Bufo gargarizans, in order to reduce regional deviations from eight previously studied literature research areas for deriving the criteria for variables, a total of 12 natural habitats of Bufo gargarizanss are selected as spatial ranges by selecting four additional sites such as Umyeonsan Ecological Park in Seoul, Wonheungibangjuk in Cheongju in the central region, Changnyeong Isan Reservoir in the southern region, and Mangwonji in Daegu. This study presents Bufo gargarizans SI, a species endemic to Korea, whose population is rapidly declining due to large-scale housing site development and road development, and develops a Bufo gargarizans HSI model accordingly to improve the function of the damaged Bufo gargarizans habitat and to present an objective basis for site selection of alternative habitat. At the same time, it provides basic data for adaptive management and follow-up monitoring. The three basic habitat requirements of amphibians, the physical habitat requirements of Bufo gargarizans, synthesized with shelter, food, and water, and the characteristics of each life history, are classified into five components by adding space and threats through literature research and expert advice. Variables are proposed by synthesizing and comparing the general characteristics of amphibians, among the previously studied single species of amphibians, the components of HSI of goldfrogs and Bufo gargarizans, and the ecological and physical environmental characteristics of Bufo gargarizans. Afterwards, through consultation with an amphibian expert, a total of 10 variables are finally presented by adjacent forest area(ha), the distance between spawning area and the nearest forest land(m), the soil, the distance from the wetland(m), the forest layered structure, the low grassland space, the permanent wetland area(ha), shoreline slope(%), PH, presence of predators, distance from road(m), presence or absence of obstacles. n order to derive the final criteria for each of the 10 variables, the criteria(alternative) for each variable are presented through geographic information analysis of the site survey area and field surveys of the previously studied literature research area. After a focus group interview(FGI) of 30 people related to the Bufo gargarizans colony in Cheongju, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with three amphibians experts are conducted to verify and supplement the criteria for each final variable. Based on the finally developed Bufo gargarizans HSI, the Bufo gargarizans habitat model is presented through the SI graph model and the drawing centering on the Bufo gargarizans spawning area

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.246-246
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• 2020

최근 우리나라에서 농업용수의 다원적 기능에 대한 공감대가 형성되고 작물생육에 필요한 관개용수로만 인식되던 농업용수의 개념이 농촌생활환경개선을 포함하는 다양한 지역용수로의 포괄적 개념으로 전환되고 있다. 농업용수는 식량생산 이외의 효용을 위한 다원적 기능을 가지며 농촌지역의 각종 생산활동과 생활조건의 유지개선을 위한 농업용수의 다원적 기능에 관한 관심이 증가하는 추세이다. 농업용수에서 발생하는 회귀수는 유역의 용수공급계획, 하천 유황의 예측, 관개용수 사용량 결정, 하천 건전화 방지, 수생생태계 보호 및 생물 다양성 확보 등 농업용수의 효율적 사용 및 환경생태유지를 위해 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 농업용수 회귀수량은 농업용수 중 하천으로 회귀하는 수량을 의미한다. 본류의 생태 유량 확보에 농업용수 회귀 수량이 기여하고 있으며 본류 하천의 환경 보전 기능을 하고 있다. 또한, 수생태계 보호 및 생물 다양성 확보 등 환경 생태 유지에 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 하지만 농업용수 회귀수량이 하천 수생태에 미치는 영향 분석 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 대사 저수지 유역을 대상으로 농업용수 회귀 수량이 하류 하천 수생태에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 회귀 수량은 관개용수량, 배수량, 침투량, 담수심 등 물수지 항목을 논물수지 모형에 적용하여 산정하였으며, 하류 하천의 생태유량 산정을 위해 대사저수지 하류에 위치한 생물측정망 자료를 통해 대표 어종을 선정하였다. PHABSIM 모형을 이용해 모의 대상 지역 특성 자료 및 인근 소하천 생물측정망 자료를 바탕으로 HSI 기반 대표 어종 서식처 환경에서 최적 생태유량을 산정하였다. 이를 통해 추정된 농업용수 회귀 수량에 따른 필요 유량이 어류 서식환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 본 연구 결과 대사저수지 하류 하천에서 농업용수 회귀수량이 차지하고 있는 기여도 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 최적 생태유량과 비교한 결과 농업용수 회귀수량이 수생태(어류)에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 농업용수 회귀수량은 하류 하천의 하천유지수량뿐만 아니라 하천 환경생태유지에도 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.237-247
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• 2023

Paddy fields not only provide a variety of ecosystem services but also serve as crucial habitats for biodiversity conservation. Recently, their ecological value and significance have been increasingly emphasized. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of soil seed banks and analyze their correlation with soil environmental factors in Conventional Paddy field (CP) and Organic Paddy field (OP) with different farming practices. Our results revealed that the vegetation in CP was simple, resulting in low plant diversity in the soil seed banks. On the other hand, the vegetation in OP was relatively diverse, leading to higher plant diversity in the soil seed banks. Additionally, distinct differences in soil environmental characteristics were observed between OP (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, B↓) and CP (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, B↑). These results suggest that variations in agricultural practices for rice cultivation have influenced the structure and diversity of vegetation and soil seed banks. Furthermore, these agricultural practices have had both direct and indirect effects on soil environmental factors. Our findings can serve as fundamental data for evaluating biodiversity conservation in agricultural ecosystems, ecosystem restoration, and ecological value assessment.