• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_2
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• pp.1635-1650
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• 2023

Under global warming, the steadily increasing sea surface temperature (SST) severely impacts marine ecosystems,such as the productivity decrease and change in marine species distribution. Recently, the catch of Todarodes Pacificus, one of South Korea's primary marine resources, has dramatically decreased. In this study, we analyze the marine environment that affects the formation of fishing grounds of Todarodes Pacificus and develop seasonal habitat suitability index (HSI) models based on various satellite data including Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data to continuously manage fisheries resources over Korean exclusive economic zone. About 83% of catches are found within the range of SST of 14.11-26.16℃,sea level height of 0.56-0.82 m, chlorophyll-a concentration of 0.31-1.52 mg m^-3, and primary production of 580.96-1574.13 mg C m^-2 day^-1. The seasonal HSI models are developed using the Arithmetic Mean Model, which showed the best performance. Comparing the developed HSI value with the 2019 catch data, it is confirmed that the HSI model is valid because the fishing grounds are formed in different sea regions by season (East Sea in winter and Yellow Sea in summer) and the high HSI (> 0.6) concurrences to areas with the high catch. In addition, we identified the significant increasing trend in SST over study regions, which is highly related to the formation of fishing grounds of Todarodes Pacificus. We can expect the fishing grounds will be changed by accelerating ocean warming in the future. Continuous HSI monitoring is necessary to manage fisheries' spatial and temporal distribution.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.511-518
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• 2019

Evaluating the habitat suitability of potential aquaculture sites for cultured species is critical to the sustainable use of tidal flats. This study evaluated the habitat suitability index (HSI) of 12 sites in a tidal flat aquaculture farm at Geunso Bay, Taean, in June 2016. The parameters used to model the suitability index were Growth (water temperature, chlorophyll ${\alpha}$, hydrodynamics), Survival (sediment-sand, mean size, air exposure), and Environment (DO, salinity). The HSI was calculated using weighted and No weighted geometric means. The results showed high habitat suitability at the bay's entrance (HIS; No weighted, 0.60-0.70; weighted, 0.60). Hydrodynamics, air exposure, sediment-sand and mean size are thought to have a significant impact on habitat selection by Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum. This study explored the optimum habitat for Manila clams by calculating the HSI, providing basic data for tidal flat management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

This study was performed to propose the site selection plan for the restoration of the target Reeve's turtle (Maunemys reevesii) habitat and has developed the AHP model to select the optimal site for Reeve's turtle habitat restoration on the basis of the Reeve's turtle Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) items (factors and variables). The assessment areas were established by the Reeve's turtle HSI factors such as breeding space, feed, cover, water, threatening factors and others and the sub-assessment items by each assessment area were established based on the Reeve's turtle HSI variables. The weighting values of the assessment areas and items were calculated by the developed AHP method. The weighting values of the 5 assessment areas were arranged in order as breeding space(0.293), food(0.273), water(0.217), cover(0.113), and threatening factor(0.104). The final weighting values of the 17 assessment items were arranged in order of height as all kind of food(0.222), water depth(0.096), altitude of spawning ground(0.093). The scoring criteria according to the assessment items and factors were marked and applied by equal intervals considering the criteria by HSI items of the Reeve's turtle and finally the scoring criteria diagram as been proposed for the optimal site selection of the Reeve's turtle habitat restoration.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2022

Climate change is a key factor that greatly influences changes in the biological seasons and geographical distribution of species. In the ecological field, the BioClimatic predictor (BioClim), which is most related to the physiological characteristics of organisms, is used for vulnerability assessment. However, BioClim values are not provided other than the future period climate average values for each GCM for the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) scenario. In this study, BioClim data suitable for domestic conditions was produced using 1 km resolution SSPs scenario detailed data produced by Rural Development Administration, and based on the data, a species distribution model was applied to mainly grow in southern, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gangwon-do and humid regions. Appropriate habitat distributions were predicted every 30 years for the base years (1981 - 2010) and future years (2011 - 2100) of the Acer pictum subsp. mono. Acer pictum subsp. mono appearance data were collected from a total of 819 points through the national natural environment survey data. In order to improve the performance of the MaxEnt model, the parameters of the model (LQH-1.5) were optimized, and 7 detailed biolicm indices and 5 topographical indices were applied to the MaxEnt model. Drainage, Annual Precipitation (Bio12), and Slope significantly contributed to the distribution of Acer pictum subsp. mono in Korea. As a result of reflecting the growth characteristics that favor moist and fertile soil, the influence of climatic factors was not significant. Accordingly, in the base year, the suitable habitat for a high level of Acer pictum subsp. mono is 3.41% of the area of Korea, and in the near future (2011 - 2040) and far future (2071 - 2100), SSP1-2.6 accounts for 0.01% and 0.02%, gradually decreasing. However, in SSP5-8.5, it was 0.01% and 0.72%, respectively, showing a tendency to decrease in the near future compared to the base year, but to gradually increase toward the far future. This study confirms the future distribution of vegetation that is more easily adapted to climate change, and has significance as a basic study that can be used for future forest restoration of climate change-adapted species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

This study aimed to develop the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model of Cypripedium guttatum. and to verify this model by applying to the candidate sites for replacement habitat. The development of HSI and SI (Suitability Index) model was conducted based on the existing literature, field surveys, and expert opinions for information on ecological habitat characteristics. Seven variables were selected as habitat variables including mean maximum temperature in Jul.-Aug., lighting, slope, altitude, effective soil depth, soil texture, and artificial overexploitation (i.e. protected areas). HSI model was developed for C. guttaum based on these variables. This HSI model showed high applicability to selection and evaluation of replacement habitats for C. guttaum. Our findings could provide the basic information on habitat assessment to prevent the extinction of endangered C. guttatum. However, since there is a limitation that the survey data were insufficient, further field surveys should be conducted on several habitat types to improve the accuracy of the HSI model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2019

This study was conducted to prioritize land purchase in Hwapocheon wetland protection area by reflecting the conservation value of wetlands considering HSI(Habitat Suitability Index) for flagship species. As a result of this study, the flagship species, Oriental White Stork and Been Goose, which can represent the Hwapocheon wetland protection area, were selected through selection criteria and expert feedback. Based on the habitat requirements of the selected flagship species, SI(Suitability Index) for the flagship species was reviewed and the conservation value of wetlands was assessed. The conservation value of the wetlands was divided into five grades from very high to very low. The areas with high conservation value were mainly distributed around wetlands and waters in upstream and downstream of Hwapocheon wetland protection area. The land purchase priorities were divided into five grades by overlapping the thematic maps of the conservation value of wetlands, the economics, and the urgency of restoration. The arable lands which can disrupt wetland ecosystems are analyzed as priority areas where priority purchasing is required. Relatively well-preserved wetlands and areas have low land purchase priorities. This study is meaningful in that biodiversity is considered in land purchase priorities.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.spc2
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• pp.811-822
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• 2019

Environmental flows in the downstream sections of Yongdam Dam, Wonju Stream Dam, and Hongcheon River were estimated with selected target fish species such as Nigra for the site of Yongdam Dam, Splendidus for the site of Wonju Stream Dam, and Signifer for the site of Hongcheon River by considering endangered and domestic species. Physical habitat analysis was performed to estimate environmental flows for the study sites by applying the Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) and RIVER2D which combined hydraulic and habitat models. Based on the monitored data for ecological environment, the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) for the target species was estimated by applying the Instream Flow and Aquatic Systems Group (IFASG). In particular, based on the result of fish monitoring, the HSI for each stage of the growth for target species was analyzed. As a result, the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) was maximized at $4.9m^3/s$ of flow discharge during spawning, $5.8m^3/s$ during the period of juvenile, and $8.9m^3/s$ during the adult fish season at the downstream section of Yongdam Dam. The result of the Wonju Stream Dam showed an optimal environmental flow of $0.4m^3/s$, $1.0m^3/s$, and $1.5m^3/s$ during the period of spawning, juvenile, and adult. The habitat analysis for the site of Hongcheon River, which is a non-regulated stream, produced an optimum environmental flow of $5m^3/s$ in the spawning period, $4m^3/s$ in the juvenile stage and $6m^3/s$ in the adult stage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2017

범람파동 개념에 따르면 하도와 홍수터의 횡적 연결성은 하천 생태계의 생물다양성과 생산성 증대에 중요한 역할을 한다. 제방에 의하여 제내지 홍수터가 하도와 차단된 우리나라 하천에서 생태적 서비스를 증대하기 위해서 횡적 연결성을 복원하는 기술 개발이 필요하다. 횡적 연결성의 복원 기술을 개발하기 위해서는 우선 하도와 홍수터 사이에 생태적 연결성의 현황을 파악하고 연결성을 저해하는 요인을 진단하는 평가 기술 개발이 시급히 요청되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제방에 의하여 차단된 제내지 하천환경에서 수리적, 생태적 횡적 연결성을 평가하고 진단하는 기술을 개발하고 연결성 회복 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 차단된 제내지 하천환경 평가는 1) 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 차단된 하천공간을 탐색하고, 2) 탐색된 전체 재내지에서 원격평가에 의하여 간편하게 횡적 연결성 평가를 실시하고, 3) 선정된 특정 제내지 대상지에서 현장평가에 의하여 상세하게 연결성을 평가하는 순서로 수행된다. 차단된 하천공간의 획정은 홍수가 범람할 수 있는 제내지 공간을 잠재적 하천공간으로 정의하고 수치표고모델 (DEM)과 하천기본계획의 30년 빈도 홍수위 자료를 이용하여 제내지 홍수터를 탐색하였다. 제내지 홍수터의 원격 연결성평가는 지리정보시스템에서 수치지도와 토지피복도 등 공간자료를 이용하여 수리 및 서식처 환경성, 제방 차단성과 하도 및 육상 연결성을 평가하고 원격평가 결과를 토대로 현장평가 대상지를 선정하였다. 횡적 연결성의 현장평가를 위하여 크게 하도-홍수터 연결성과 제내지 서식처 보존성으로 평가 항목을 선정하였다. 또한 연결성 평가는 수리연결성과 생물연결성으로, 서식처 보존성 평가는 습지유지율, 습지보존성, 육역지보존성을 세부항목으로 구성하였다. 평가 항목별로 5 등급의 평가 기준에 따라서 평가 점수를 부여하고 평가 총점을 산출하여 최종 연결성 평가 등급을 5 단계로 구분하였다. 현장평가를 위한 MS Access 기반 소프트웨어를 개발하여, 데이터 입력과 관리 및 평가 결과 산출과 비교를 편리하게 하였다. 개발된 제내지 하천환경 평가법을 청미천과 만경강에 적용하여 검증하였다. 개발된 평가법을 바탕으로 차단된 제내지 하천환경에서 연결성 회복에 따른 어류와 식생의 분포를 예측하는 수리생태 결합모델을 개발하였다. 먼저 차단된 제내지에서 연결 수로를 복원하여 유속, 수심 분포를 준이차 수리수문 모델로 예측하였다. 예측된 수리 환경에 따라서 지표어종의 서식처 적합도 지수 (HSI)를 이용하여 서식 분포 확률을 모의하였다. 또한 일반화가법모델 (GAM)을 이용하여 환경구배에 의한 우점식생의 분포를 예측하였다. 차단된 제내지 하천환경의 생태적 연계성 평가 기술을 기반으로 제방제거, 제방후퇴, 제방고 하강, 수문 및 연결수로 개선, 생물이동 저해 장벽 제거 등의 다양한 복원기술이 개발되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2023

This study is part of a foundational research effort aimed at developing a suitability index for breeding grounds related to avian activities along the domestic South and West coasts, including islands. Focus Group Interviews (FGI) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analyses were conducted. The results are as follows. First, as a result of determining the value of the suitability of coastal bird breeding sites, the 'Natural Value(0.763)' was higher than the 'Artificial Value(0.237)'. Other artificial values were identified as sub-ranked except for 'Protected Areas' to ensure continuous integrity of breeding spaces. Second, as a result of re-establishing the 25 evaluation items classified in the two-time FGI as higher concepts, nine natural values and five artificial values were finally selected as a total of 14. Third, the results of the mid-classification evaluation of the importance of the suitability of coastal bird breeding sites were identified in the order of 'Ecological Value(0.392)', 'Topographic Value(0.251)', 'Passive Interference(0.124)', 'Geological Value(0.120)', and 'Active Interference(0.113)'. Fourth, the results of the priority of evaluation items of coastal bird breeding sites were in the order of 'Vegetation Distribution (0.187)', 'Area of Mudflats(0.118)', 'Presence or Absence of Mudflats(0.092)', 'Appearance of Natural Enemies(0.087)', 'Protected Areas(0.08)', 'Island Area (0.069)', 'Over-Breeding devastation(0.064)', 'Soil Composition Ratio(0.056)', 'Distance from Land(0.054)', 'Ocean farm area (0.045)', 'Cultivated land area(0.041)', 'Cultivation behavior(0.038)', 'Angle of the Surface(0.036)', and 'Land Use(0.033)'. It is judged that the weighting result value of the evaluation items derived in this study can be used for priority evaluation focusing on the coastal bird breeding area space. However, it seems that the correlation with the unique habitat suitability of bird individuals needs to be supplemented, and spatial analysis research incorporating species-specific characteristics will be left as a future task.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest the framework of functional assessment on lotic area based on HGM(Hydrogeomorphic) approach targeting Wetland Protected Areas which are in the type of river channel, and to set up the fundamental data as a reference wetland. A total of 10 factors in terms of hydrology, biogeochemistry, plant habitat and animal habitat was analyzed based on the original approach of HGM and each Functional Capacity Index(FCI) of those factors was calculated. As the result of the modified FCI analysis, Damyang riverine wetland which is with artificial river bank had high values in the variables of area ratio of actual vegetation in the foreland, the number of plant per area and the area ratio of Salix spp., and those values were highly reflected on the factors of Nutrient Cycling(947,668.00), Species Richness and Maintain Characteristic Plant Communites(6.39) and Maintain Spatial Structure of Habitat(11.00). The Hanbando wetland which is keeping the natural bank had higher values in the variables of structural scale and species diversity, and the those values were highly reflected on the factors of Energy Dissipation(17,805.16), Subsurface Storage of Water(0.54), Removal of Imported Elements and Compounds(103,052.73), Maintain Characteristic Detrital Biomass(2.31), Maintenance of Interspersion and Connectivity (6.50), Species Diversity of Benthic macro-invertebrates(1.60) and Species Diversity of Vertebrate & Species Number of Other Animals(2.52/ 151.50), compared to the Damyang Riverine Wetland.