• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2013

Because of the shallow depth of 44 m and large area of wetland in Korea and China, the class I productivity of Yellow Sea is very high (>300 $gC/m^2/year$), which is supporting substantial populations of fish, invertebrates, marine mammals and seabirds. However, the Yellow Sea is a large marine ecosystem which is enclosed by mainland of China and Korean peninsula, so it is vulnerable to external stress such as environmental degradation and overfishing. Recently, since the Fisheries Agreement between Korea and China, overfishing and illegal fishing of China and environmental degradation caused by coastal development in Korea and China have given much stress to the marine ecosystem of Yellow Sea. This article suggests that the major factors of governance are ineffectively responding to the growing demand for exploitation of the Yellow Sea and the international cooperation for establishing network of Yellow Sea governance is urgent.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-65
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• 2020

With the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in sight, innovative business models utilizing new technologies are emerging, and startups are enjoying an abundance of opportunities based on the agility to respond to disruptive innovations and the opening to new technologies. However, what is most important in creating a sustainable start-up ecosystem is not the start-up itself, but the process of research-start-investment-investment-the leap to listing and big business-in order to build a virtuous circle of startups that leads to re-investment. To this end, the environment created in the hub area where start-ups were conducted is important, and these material and non-material environmental factors are described as being inclusive by the word "entrepreneurial ecosystem." This study aims to provide implications for Korea's entrepreneurial ecosystem through the study of the interaction of the elements that make up the start-up ecosystem and the relationship of ecosystem participants in Singapore. Singapore has been consistently mentioned as the top two Asian countries in assessing the start-up environment and business environment. In this process, six elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem presented by Isenberg(2010)-policies, finance, culture, support, human resources, and market-are the best frameworks for analyzing entrepreneurial ecosystems in terms of well encompassing prior studies related to entrepreneurial ecosystem elements, and a model of regional transformation is formed focusing on some elements to suit Singapore, the target area of study. By considering that Singapore's political nature would inevitably have a huge impact on finance, Smart Nation policy was having an impact on university education related to entrepreneurship, and that the entrepreneurial networks and global connectivity formed within Singapore's start-up infrastructure had a significant impact on Singapore's start-up's performance, researches needed to look more at the factors of policy, culture and market. In addition, qualitative research of participants in the entrepreneurial ecosystem was essential to understand the internal interaction of the elements of the start-up ecosystem, so the semi-structured survey was conducted by visiting the site. As such, this study examined the status of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem based on qualitative research focused on policies, culture and market elements of Singapore's start-up ecosystem, and intended to provide implications for regulations related to start-ups, the role of universities and start-up infrastructure through comparison with Korea. This could contribute not only to the future research of the start-up ecosystem, but also to the creation of a start-up infrastructure, boosting the start-up ecosystem, and the establishment of the orientation of the start-up education in universities.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2008

Environment-indifferent developments have brought about a great deal of environmental pollution and a destruction of the ecosystem. The global interest in environmental pollution has emerged in accordance with the environmental regulations becoming ever stricter in the international society. Various attempts are being pitched in Korea such as the PERS (Prior Environmental Review System) and EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) and they practice a significant impact on the construction industry. Recently, there have been cases where large-scale national development businesses are delayed and terminated or re-examined for their feasibility for not having reflected and analyzed the environmental factors of the natural and ecological environment. We must sustain the ecological functions and balance and minimize environmental pollution issues that can be caused by land developments and preserve the natural environment so to induce environmentally-friendly development businesses. Thus, this research paper proposes environmental review categories of the natural ecosystem sector that can be applied to all stages of construction businesses including master planning stages, basic planning and execution designing stage, construction stage, and maintenance stage. The environmental review categories proposed in this paper are expected to offer a great deal of support in terms of inducing environment-sustainable development to decision makers in the master plan stage, designers in the basic planning and execution designing stage, and construction managers in the construction and maintenance stages.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2011

The canals of China·Northern Europe are different from those of Korea in the phases of the times and physical environment as follows. As the coefficient of river regime is high and the slopes of river is high in our country, the sediments are much deposited on the floor and river channels are meandered and the depth of water are low. So we should dredge the river floor and should construct the dams and lock gates. These will cause streams to be late and to be flooded. The rising and falling of groundwater tables may be fatal to the buildings. The ecosystem will be ruined by water pollution and rising of water levels. We are concerned about the economy of the canals, the low velocity of the canals, reduction of the transportation cost, transshipment cost and terminal cost, tourism·leisure-typed waterway and extreme cost of waterway development. It is proper for us to put in good order and control waterway simply by means of annual schedule, not to construct canal.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2020

The red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) is native to northeastern Mexico and south-central United States. But the species has been introduced to other parts of the world, and cause ecological problems including habitat destruction and competition with indigenous species. In this study, we identified the distribution of P. clarkii in the freshwater system in Korea. P. clarkii were collected in the field sampling and it is assumed that they have settled in major domestic water systems of Korea including six points in the Yeongsangang River, five points in the Mangyeonggang River, two points in the Seomjingang River, and one point in the Geumgang River. In particular, more than 20 individuals were found in Seobongri, Wanjugun and Mosanri, Hampyeonggun, which are believed to form a relatively large population. Considering high mobility and environmental adaptability of the species, the possibility of their dispersal to other water systems is very high. Therefore, continuous monitoring and assessment of their distribution and potential spread are required and effective management to remove them policy is needed to prevent damage in the Korean ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.195-216
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• 2002

The flora of Ulleung island was summarized as 975 taxa with 122 families, 465 genus, 762 species, 5 sub-species, 178 varieties, 21 forms, and 9 hybrids. This extent of plant diversity of the island ecosystem was modified from the field surveys by the authors adding the number of 627 taxa; 109 families, 355 genus, 526 species, 2 sub-species, 89 varieties and 10 forms, and Considering the aspects of geographical distribution of the island, the flora showed much closer to the Korean penninsula than that of the Japanese Archipelago. An action plan including intensive conservation and management both for habitat and plant to conserve the island ecosystem should be prepared. The naturalized plants is expanding gradually due to the increase of the tourist. The Ulleung island ecosystem should be conserved as the Protected Area, which is enlarged habitat compared with the present legal conservation actions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.394-405
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• 1995

Certain ericaceous understory plants of temperate forests proliferate following forest clearcutting and fire. Rapid vegetative growth of these plants may affect conifer regeneration due to their strong competitive abilities and allelopathic properties. Planted conifers in these shrub-dominated habitats experience "growth check" which may result in a loss of productivity or in extreme cases total failure of forest regeneration. This growth check phenomenon is exemplified in Calluna Sitca spruce Scots pine ecosystems of western Europe, Kalmia black spruce ecosystem of eastern Canada and Gaultheria-cedar/hemlock ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Dynamics of Kalmia black spruce ecosystem following disturbance was used to explain the mechanism of conifer growth inhibition and their regeneration failure. It is argued that in addition to competition for nutrients, Kalmia allelopathy plays a major role in growth inhibition of black spruce. This conclusion is supported by the results of various field, laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Eight phenolic compounds were isolated and identified from the leaves of Kalmia angustifolia, four of which are known to be highly phyotoxic to black spruce. Methods of overcoming the allelopathic effects of Kalmia in order to enhance black spruce regeneration in Kalmia-dominated sites are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1993

인간이 삶을 영위하기 위하여는 자연에서 끊임없이 자원과 에너지를 이용하여 일상생활에서 유용한 각종 제품을 생산하고 이를 사용하였다. 이러한 과정에서 인간에 유용한 각종 제품이외에 폐기물이 필연적으로 발생되어 자연을 오염시켰고 지구상에 인구가 많지 않았을 때에는 자연의 자정능력이 더커서 발생된 폐기물에 의한 환경오염의 문제는 발생되지 않았다. 따라서 인간은 활발한 경제활동에 의하여 더 많은 제품을 생산하고 더 많은 폐기물을 자연으로 방출하였다. 이러한 산업화와 더불어 도시화는 지구 생태계가 가진 자정능력의 한계를 훨씬 넘어 환경을 오염시켰다. 지구 전체적으로도 심각한 문제가 되는 CFC에 의한 오존층의 파괴, $CO_2$에 의한 지구온난화, SOx 및 NOx 등의 배출에 의한 산성비 그리고 산림의 황폐등이 심각한 오염문제로 대두되어 국경을 초월한 전세계적인 문제로 확대되어 "하나뿐인 지구"를 지키기위한 노력이 전세계인의 관심속에 합심하여 강구되고 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.24-29
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• 1995

전자제품의 고기능화에 따라 Controller의 중요성은 점점 증대되고 있다. 따라서 Controller(이하 PCB라 칭함)의 제조 공정에서 납땜 관련 Board 재료, Flux, Flux 탄화 연기 등은 식물의 고사 현상등 지구환경을 위협하고 있다. 특히, 자동차 매연이나 도장 또는 PCB 납땜시 SOX, NOX, 탄화수소계등이 휘발하게 되며 아황산 가스 나 질소 산화물이 대기중에서 물과 반응하여 황산 또는 질산으로 변하여 PH 5.6이하 의 산성비를 내리게 한다. 이 산성비는 삼림피해 어류감소 등 생태계를 파괴하고 콘 크리트 철재등 건축 자재물을 부사시킨다. 또한 바람에 의해 인접국가에도 막대한 피해를 주고 있다. 특히 폐가전제품의 PCB 접합부에 산성비가 접촉되면 Pb 이온이 용출되어 토양 및 수질오염, 인체피해 등 심각한 영향을 미치게 된다. 최근 이와관련 세계 각국의 규제 움직임이 활발해지고 있어, 본 논문은 전자기기 제품의 심장인 PCB 와 관계된 환경오염 대상물질의 규제동향과 심각성 및 이에 대한 환경피해 Mechanism 을 분석하여 실장기술에 있어서 총체적인 환경대응 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

21세기라는 새로운 세기를 맞이하여 콘크리트 산업계는 시대의 변화에 부합하는 경영 방침이나 기술력이 요구되었으며 지금 까지 보다 더욱 힘든 환경을 맞고 있다고 생각된다. 예를 들어 환경 문제는 1992년의 환경과 개발에 관한 UN회의를 계기로 지구온난화, 해양오염, 산성비, 오존층 파괴, 열대림의 감소, 사막화 등에 대한 국제적인 관심이 커지고 있어서 21세기는 환경의 세기가 될 것으로 보이며 이에 따른 신속한 대책 수립이 요구되고 있는 시점에 와있다. 또한 자원 리사이클링과 환경에 관련된 각종 법령 등이 국가 차원, 혹은 지방 자치단체 차원에서 제정되고 있어 이에 대한 대응 방안이 요구되고 있다. 더욱이 여러 사회단체나 NGO 등의 압력으로 각종 공공사업의 수행에 있어서도 기본 이념인 편리성, 안전성, 내구성 공평성, 투명성 등에 덧붙여서 공해. 미관. 생태계, 건강, 복지, 문화 유산 등에 대한 배려도 요구되고 있으며 적용이 이루어지고 있는 추세이다.(중략)