• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 한국건설관리학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

Researches on integration of design and construction information from earlier era focused on the conceptual data models. Development and prevalent use of commercial database management system led many researchers to design database schemas for enlightening of relationship between non-graphic data items. Although these researches became the foundation fur the proceeding researches. they did not utilize the graphic data providable from CAD system which is already widely used. 4D CAD concept suggests a way of integrating graphic data with schedule data. Although this integration provided a new possibility for integration, there exists a limitation in data dependency on a specific application. This research suggests a new approach on integration for design and construction information, 'Product Model Centered Integration Methodology'. This methodology achieves integration by preliminary research on existing methodology using 4D CAD concept. and by development and application of new integration methodology, 'Product Model Centered Integration Methodology'. 'Design Component' can be converted into digital format by object based CAD system. 'Unified Object-based Graphic Modeling' shows how to model graphic product model using CAD system. Possibility of reusing design information in latter stage depends on the ways of creating CAD model, so modeling guidelines and specifications are suggested. Then prototype system for integration management, and exchange are presented, using 'Product Frameworker', and 'Product Database' which also supports multiple-viewpoints. 'Product Data Model' is designed, and main data workflows are represented using 'Activity Diagram', one of UML diagrams. These can be used for writing programming codes and developing prototype in order to automatically create activity items in actual schedule management system. Through validation processes, 'Product Model Centered Integration Methodology' is suggested as the new approach for integration of design and construction information.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• 제80호
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• pp.43-88
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• 2024

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is a relatively quiet latecomer to the traditional archives of the Western world. Although the United States lacks a long history of organized public records·archives management, it has developed a modern system optimized for the American historical context. This system focuses on the systematic management and preservation of the vast amount of modern records produced and collected during the tumultuous 20th century. As a result, NARA has established a modern archival system that is optimized for the American historical context. The U.S. public records·archives management system is based on the principle that records·archives are the property of the American people and belong to the public. This concept originated during the British colonial era when records were used to safeguard the rights of the colonies as self-governing citizens. For Americans, records and archives have long been a symbol of the nation's identity, serving as a means of protecting individual freedoms, rights, and democracy throughout the country's history. It is natural, therefore, that American life and history should be documented, and that the recorded past should be managed and preserved for the nation's present and future. The public records·archives management system in the United States is the result of a convergence of theories, practices, lessons learned, and ideas that have been shaped by the country's history, philosophies, and values about records, and its unique experience with records management. This paper traces the origins of records and archives in the United States in a historical context to understand the organic relationship between American life and records. It examines the process of forming a modern public records management system that is both uniquely American and universal to the American context without falling into the two forms of traditions that reflect the uniqueness of American history.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2019

Winter hibernation in wildlife is a unique physiological mechanism for survival. For Asiatic black bears (ABBs, Ursus thibetanus ussuricus), hibernation is a very important but dangerous time for the cubs to be born. This study surveyed ABBs living in Mt. Jiri To examine the relationship between the temperature during hibernation and the hibernation days. The survey found that the average start and end dates of hibernation was December 7 and April 20, respectively. The average day of hibernation for females who gave birth was $167.8{\pm}22.6$ days. The average temperature of 5 days before hibernation was $0.6{\pm}4.1^{\circ}C$, the average temperature during hibernation was $1.3{\pm}2.43^{\circ}C$, and the average temperature of five days before the end of hibernation was $12.6{\pm}3.1^{\circ}C$. The hibernation days of the females that did not give birth to cubs and the males were $120.4{\pm}25.7$ days and $113.6{\pm}25.8$ days, respectively. The average temperatures of 5 days before hibernation was $2.1{\pm}4.2^{\circ}C$ and $-1.8{\pm}3.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average temperature during hibernation was $-0.2{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$ and $-0.4{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$. The average temperatures of five days before the end of hibernation were $7.8{\pm}3.6^{\circ}C$ and $7.8{\pm}4.4^{\circ}C$. These results indicate that females giving birth to cubs have higher hibernation days and average temperatures than the females that do not give birth and the males, which is due to the process of raising cubs during hibernation. The hibernating days and mean temperature for the groups in each lifecycle did not show any difference between the groups. This study is meaningful in that it disclosed the characteristics of hibernating intrinsic behaviors of ABBs. It observed the specific hibernation period and temperature of ABBs bears inhabiting in Mt. Jiri and examined the difference by sex, female(giving birth) and life cycle group according to temperature. The results of this study can be used to prevent the conflict between ABBs and humans in winter and spring and establish the preservation management plan.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2015

VE aims at reduction in a budget, improvement of function, structural safety and quality security for public construction projects. However, there is possibility for the structural safety and quality security review to be insufficient because related regulations are mostly composed of analysis on economic efficiency of design. In addition, due to the misconception about VE as a cost saving methodology, an alternative is being presented which still focuses mainly on cost saving, but with no objective evaluation of function related to cost. In order to improve this, the government adopted the reduction of life cycle cost and proposal of value improvement, and let people specify the cost and function of the original plan versus the alternative plan, and the value changes between them. However, it is written mainly into practical convenience rather than theoretical basis since a specific way is not suggested. The current method sets a different starting point by applying the attributional difference of function and cost. Furthermore, an evaluation standard for correlating is an important element in rational decision making for assessing and choosing an alternative. This paper analyzes the process and method of function & cost scoring when performing VE and suggests a mathematical normalization model in order to support rational decision making when selecting an optimum plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

It is increasing annually that the cost for bridge Maintenance Repair & Rehabilitation (MR&R) in developed countries. Based on Intelligent Technology, Bridge Management System (BMS) is developed for optimization of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and reliability to predict long-term bridge deteriorations. However, such data are very limited amongst all the known bridge agencies, making it difficult to reliably predict future structural performances. To alleviate this problem, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Backward Prediction Model (BPM) for generating missing historical condition ratings has been developed. Its reliability has been verified using existing condition ratings from the Maryland Department of Transportation, USA. The function of the BPM is to establish the correlations between the known condition ratings and such non-bridge factors as climate and traffic volumes, which can then be used to obtain the bridge condition ratings of the missing years. Since the non-bridge factors used in the BPM can influence the variation of the bridge condition ratings, well-selected non-bridge factors are critical for the BPM to function effectively based on the minimized discrepancy rate between the BPM prediction result and existing data (deck; 6.68%, superstructure; 6.61%, substructure; 7.52%). This research is on the generation of usable historical data using Artificial Intelligence techniques to reliably predict future bridge deterioration. The outcomes (Long-term Bridge deterioration Prediction) will help bridge authorities to effectively plan maintenance strategies for obtaining the maximum benefit with limited funds.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2009

In this study, a design value analysis technique that considered stochastic LCC and stochastic performance evaluation was proposed, and by introducing the concept of reliability analysis, a decision making that secured reliability was supported. The results of this study, which was carried out according to the above objectives and methods, are summarized as follows: 1) The design value analysis procedures and value state function, improved in order to carry out a reliable analysis when evaluating alternate proposals that were extracted after the function definition was complete, were formalized, and in order to secure consistency and efficiency for value evaluation procedures, an evaluation index scheme was proposed; 2) Database collection and analysis were done for a bridge's LCC analysis. As for the collection scope of data, literature of previous research done on a bridge's LCC analysis was used as the basis for analysis, and for securing reliability regarding analysis results and dealing with uncertainty of collected data, the MCS technique was applied; 3) Weights and evaluation ranks for performance evaluation of each of the alternate proposals, as well as LCC analysis model, analysis period, discount rate, user expense, safety inspection and safety diagnosis expense conditions for LCC analysis were proposed. Lastly, a feasibility study was done and conclusion was made about "OO grand bridge and connecting road construction work execution design" project centered on value analysis execution case.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2015

An increase in energy such as natural gas, coal, oil, has occurred to a large amounts of environment impact emissions, it is necessary to reduce in the construction industry for the energy consumption. To encourage remodeling project in developed countries of the majority, on the basis of this, remodeling project in the construction industry has grown to a large amount. Results of analysis of the research related to the advanced remodeling, analysis of the economic validity in accordance with the production and process and building elapsed years of selection alternative of remodeling there has been a problem that has not been properly reflected. In this study, a decision support model that can simultaneously choose the most cost-effective and energy-efficiency alternative. Developed process model, generates a "Remodeling Solution" that combines the renewable energy equipment and envelope system, energy performance evaluation of the application of international standards(ISO-13790, DIN V 18599), perform the economic evaluation through LCCA(Life Cycle Cost Analysis) technique, circulated evaluation and configured to output the optimal Remodeling Solution. The results of applying the model developed in the case, it was confirmed that it is possible to select a choice of cost-effective energy-saving alternative. Then, developed model through this study, it is expected to be able to help highly effective remodeling alternative to selecting by decision-makers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

The current real estate market is in a state that is considerably shrink due to the recession and long-term reduction of trading. In response, the government recently announced an innovative way for the middle-class residential housing and it is taking the lead to activate the real estate market. Meanwhile, the domestic housing market is entering a transition period, including structural changes of household structure, changes from joeonse to rent increasingly. Also single-member households will rise steeply, so that makes the high demand of small houses. In addition, the domestic construction industry is interested in new technology called Modular building. The Modular construction is an off-site construction system that shorten construction period, eco-friendly building technology and mobility etc, which can be used in various field. Overall, there are two major issues of the current market, one is the change of the real estate market, and the other is the modular construction. This study will propose modular business model in the rental market through the analysis the profitability of the modular business scenarios and IRR analysis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Environmental and energy issues such as abnormal climate and depletion of fossil fuel due to global warming have emerged as a critical task to threaten human survival. As a result, interest in the Zero Energy Building is increasing as it is an innovative building that can significantly contribute to building energy reduction and greenhouse gas reduction. In the market, however, the added cost of construction is a major stumbling block to the revitalization of the Zero Energy certification. In this study, general private apartment complexes were selected for research, detailed elements for Zero Energy certification were presented based on the construction criteria for eco-friendly houses from the initial design stage, and the cost efficiency analysis of the components for certification were presented. It has been analyzed that only Grade 3 certification can be implemented in apartments due to technical level and physical limitations. Also, after reviewing the cost trend during the lifecycle cost, all expenses can be recovered within 13 years after completion only in the case of grade 5 of the Zero Energy Building. The additional costs proposed in the present study are reflected appropriately in the review of projects for apartments scheduled for order in the future to contribute to the revitalization of the Zero Energy Building certification.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.356-366
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• 2021

The high-tech industry, a leader in the national economy, has a larger investment cost compared to general buildings, a shorter construction period, and requires continuous investment. Therefore, accurate construction cost prediction and quick decision-making are important factors for efficient cost and process management. Overseas, the construction information classification system has been standardized since 1980 and has been continuously developed, improving construction productivity by systematically collecting and utilizing project life cycle information. At domestic construction sites, attempts have been made to standardize the classification system of construction information, but it is difficult to achieve continuous standardization and systematization due to the absence of a standardization body and differences in cost and process management methods for each construction company. Particular, in the case of the high-tech industry, the standardization and systematization level of the construction information classification system for high-tech facility construction is very low due to problems such as large scale, numerous types of work, complex construction and security. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to construct a construction information classification system suitable for high-tech facility construction through collection, classification, and analysis of related project data constructed in Korea. Based on the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) and CBS (Cost Breakdown Structure) classified and analyzed through this study, a code system through hierarchical classification was proposed, and the cost model of buildings by linking WBS and CBS was three-dimensionalized and the utilized method was presented. Through this, an information classification system based on inter-relationships can be developed beyond the one-way tree structure, which is a general construction information classification system, and effects such as shortening of construction period and cost reduction will be maximized.