• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.94-96
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• 1999

충북 단양에 위치한 조일 광산에서 채취한 구리와 아연으로 오염된 광미(광산 폐기물로서 금속 추출 후 남은 찌꺼기)를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 생물학적 용출기법(bioleaching) 에서 기본 배지 조성(9K medium)을 변화시켜 미생물의 표면 특성을 측정하고 미생물 표면 특성이 용출 효율에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 인을 첨가하지 않았을 때 소수성 값은 62.5％, 질소원 농도가 45mM일 때의 소수성 값은 66.7%로 미생물 표면 특성이 가장 소수성인 특성을 가지고 있었으며, 구리와 아연의 용출 효율도 가장 높게 나타나는 상관 관계를 나타냈다. 또한 광미에 부착된 미생물의 양을 측정해 본 결과, 미생물 표면 특성이 소수성일수록 광미에 부착된 미생물의 양도 많다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.6 s.122
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• pp.375-381
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• 2004

We investigate the biological treatment of processed-leachate from SUDOKWON landfill site in Korea by the reed (Phragmites australis)-bed with a continuous flow system. The reed individuals showing superior growth in processed-leachate experiment were selected among the reeds of thirteen natural habitats by means of the comparisons between the removal rates of nutrient salts, eco-physiological responses and growth. The reed-beds (combination of the reed individuals showing superior growth with helper microorganisms) were continuously supplied with processed-leachate. We monitored the effluents that passing through the reed-beds during the experiment period. After five weeks, analysis results of effluent from each reed-bed were as follows; chromaticity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solid and salinity decreased $29.5{\sim}36.9\%,\;49.4{\sim}67.2\%,\;42.1{\sim}94.6\%,\;74.5{\sim}88.8\%,\;15.6{\sim}20.8\%,\;17.5{\sim}35.4\%\;and\;15.3{\sim}34.7\%$, respectively. These results represented the substantial improvement of water-quality after passing through reed-bed in a continuous flow system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.410-416
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• 2005

생물학적 통풍법은 유류오염 지역에 자주 적용되는 정화공법이다. 이 과정은 지중에 산소를 충분히 공급함으로서 토착 미생물에 의한 오염성분의 분해를 가능하게 한다. 따라서 이 공법의 적용시 공정진행에 따른 공법의 효율성 분석과 장기적인 정화효율 예측을 위한 지중 가스성분의 모니터링 시스템 도입이 매우 중요하다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 아직 그 적용사례가 보고된 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장에서 토양가스 성분의 변화를 모니터링할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하여 적용한 사례를 시스템의 구성과 측정방법, 관측결과를 중심으로 소개하였다. 현장적용 결과는 토양가스 모니터링 시스템은 운용 시작 후 6개월동안 센서나 측정장비에서 문제가 발생되지 않았으며, 공정관리를 위한 공법효율성 분석에 필요한 자료를 지속적으로 제공하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.247-248
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• 2000

개불류는 연안의 사니질에서 쉽게 발견되며 그 종류의 수나 자원량이 풍부한 저서동물군이다. 이들은 번식력이 강하고 저질에 U자형의 굴을 뚫어 해수를 순환하게 함으로써 유기성분을 변화시켜 저질을 정화시키기도 하는 등, 연안생태계에서 매우 중요한 위치를 점하고 있다. 개불의 양식기술을 개발하기 위해서는 우선적으로 어미의 확보 및 산란유발, 난발생 및 유생사육 등에 관한 생물학적인 기초자료가 필요하게 된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.620-621
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• 2001

개불류는 연안의 사니질에서 쉽게 발견되며 그 종류의 수나 자원량이 풍부한 저서 동물군이다. 이들은 번식력이 강하고 저질에 U자형의 굴을 들어 해수를 순환하게 함으로써 유기성분을 변화시켜 저질을 정화시키기도 하는 등, 연안생태계에서 매우 중요한 위치를 점하고 있다. 개불의 양식기술을 개발하기 위해서는 우선적으로 어미의 확보 및 산란유발, 난발생 및 유생사육 등에 관한 생물학적인 기초자료가 필요하게 된다. (중략)

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

A variety of physical, chemical, and microbiological techniques have been developed to deal with soil and groundwater contamination. However, in the presence of the large portion of soil micro-environments, contaminant rebound and/or tailing have been frequently reported. Case study of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal by full-scale land farming showed that contaminant rebound and/or tailing occurred in 9 out of total 21 cases and subsequently resulted in problems of a long term operation to satisfy TPH guidelines of contaminated soil and groundwater. The main cause of contaminant rebound and tailing is considered to be the strong interactions between contaminants and micro-environments including micro-particles, micro-pores, and organic matter. Thus, this study reviewed the effects of soil micro-environments of soil and groundwater on the removal efficiency for both heavy metals and petroleum contaminants. In addition, the various methods of sampling, analysis, and assessment of soil micro-environments were evaluated. Thorough understanding of the effects of soil micro-environments on contaminant removal will be essential to achieve a cost-effective and efficient solution to contaminated sites.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.152-159
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• 2002

The seasonal variations of nitrifying bacterial population sampled from 3 sites in Moon-Chon reservoir were analyzed by in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes from August 2000 until July 2001. In addition, physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, chi-a and DOC were measured to determine correlations between those factors and the size of nitrifying bacterial populations. Total bacterial numbers varied in the range of $0.8{\sim}1.5{\times}10^6\;cells/ml$ independent of sites and had the maximal values in March at all 3 stations. The ratio of eubacteria to total bacteria ranged from 44.9% to 79.5%, and the ratio of each nitrifying bacteria to eubacterial numbers reached only $1.0{\sim}7.4%$. The variations of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ranged from $1.1{\times}10^4$ to $3.0{\times}10^4\;cells/ml$ without noticeable peak values whereas those of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria varied in $1.3{\sim}5.7{\times}10^4\;cells/ml$ with the increasing tendency in winter regardless of the sites. Moreover it was observed that the numbers of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were higher than those of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Total bacterial numbers correlated with water temperature (r = 0.355, p<0.05) and DOC (r = 0.58G, p<0.01) positively whereas nitrite-oxidizing bacteria correlated with temperature (r = -0.416, p<0.05) and pH (r = -0.568, p = 0.001) negatively. In addition, DOC represented good correlations with eubacterial numbers (r = 0.448, p<0.01). These results indicate that temperature, DOC and pH might be one of the main factors affecting variations of bacterial populations in the aquatic ecosystem. It was also suggested that FISH method is a useful tool for detection of slow growing nitrifying bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.198-212
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• 2002

A numerical variation and abnormalities were studied on egg bags and embryos of Korean salamander, Hynobius leechii from agricultural habitat. The teratogenic and toxic effects of fungicide benomyl were also investigated with early embryos from non-agricultural habitat. We collected 144 egg bags from agricultural region, and 3418 of early embryos were contained. The lengths of egg bags were varied from 10 to 23 cm and the most frequent length was 19 cm. The number of embryos was varied from 7 to 43, and the most frequent range was 22 to 26. Spontaneous abnormalities were occurred in 406 embryos among 116 egg bags, and 24 kinds of external abnormalities were found. Individuals showing severe external defect were histologically studied and they showed optic dyspalsia, thyroid carcinoma, somatic muscular dysplasia, partial biaxial structure, decrease of red blood cells in the heart, cephalic degeneration and intestinal dysplasia. 385 embryos from non-agricultural region were exposed to 200 nM${\sim}$ 1 ${\mu}$M of benomyl at blastula or gastrula for 12 days. All embryo were dead in the concentration of 1 ${\mu}$M (LD$_{100}$) and 75% of embryos were dead in 800nM of benomyl. Speciflc effect due to benomyl was acrania or cephalic dysplasia and this restult suggests that the benomyl inhibit stongly to the development of neural tissue. These abnormal developments may be caused by antimitotic action, inhibition of tubulin complex, destruction of microtubule, inhibitions of neurulation and closing of neural fold, and by the inhibition of the movement of neural crest cells.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

This paper presents the analysis condition of remediation technique of contaminated fine-grained soil and physical properties of bio-degradable drain for analysis site applicability using bio-degradable drain method. As the result, two kinds of developed degradable drains (cylindricality shaped and harmonica shaped) are satisfied the Korean Industrial Standard. And the cylindricality shaped drain has an excellent discharge capacity than that of another one. By the results of laboratory test, the citric acid is chosen as the washing agent because it has low toxicity, so it is able to minimize harmful influence to environment. Furthermore the subject contaminants were selected as Cd, Cu and Pb. Based on the field pilot test results, the most remedial efficiency is the use of reactive material applied in bio-degradable drain method with the process of injecting the washing agent and extraction of contaminated fluid.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

In this study, the assessment of field applicability of in-situ remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater located in Yesan-gun was performed. Zero-valent iron/bio composite media injected PRB (Permeable Reactive Barrier) and monitoring well were installed in the contaminated groundwater site and monitored main remediation indicators during the PRB operation. Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, Fe ion, TOC, and turbidity were analyzed and the diversity and population of microorganism in the PRB installed site were investigated for the verification of effect of injected PRB. In the study site where is an agricultural area, a river flows from west to east that forms a river boundary and the southern area has an impermeable sector. It was found that nitrate flows into the river, which is similar as groundwater flow. Simulation result for the fate of nitrate in groundwater showed steady state of nitrate arrived after 3~5 years passed. However, it is just to consider current conditions with no additional input of contaminant source, if additional input of contaminant source occurs contamination dispersion and time for steady state are expected to be increased. The monitoring results showed that Fe ion, TOC and turbidity in groundwater were not clearly changed in concentration after PRB installation, which indicates adaptability of the injected PRB for remediation of groundwater with no additional harmful effect to water quality. The concentration of nitrate maintained less than 5mg/L until 42 days after PRB installation and recovered its initial concentration after 84 days passed and showed termination of reactivity of injected zero-valent iron/bio composite media for removal nitrate. Nitrite and ammonia ions found after installation of PRB indicates reductive removal of nitrate. And the outstanding increase of microorganism diversity and population of Betaproteobacteria Class which includes denitrification microorganism explains biologically reductive removal of nitrate in injected PRB.