• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.173-184
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• 1998

This study deals with the visual quality in the future urban landscape and architectural environment, and as such, aims to identify a scientific and objective aesthetic and visual quality from the perspective of empirical aesthetics. The empirical aesthetics provides a framework that can be utilized in understanding human perception, consciousness, and behavior and a way to categorize the visual quality and to explain and predict its effect. The study examines various theories on environmental perception, cognition, and some new approaches to environmental aesthetics, and tries to present aesthetic properties that can be applied to environmental design. First, the aesthetic experience in visual perception can be defined as a combined effect of psychobiological properties and human activity, i.e. an interaction between the formal and symbolic signs in environment and the conceptual framework of man. The effect of visual quality differs and varies a great deal, depending on the sociocultural, personal and collective value system, so it is hard to define it in absolute terms. Second, the impact of visual quality and its aesthetic effect has to do with pleasure, preference, the aptitude for survival, and self regulation. Third, aesthetics is one of the areas that can benefit a great deal from an interdisciplinary approach. and an empirical study such as this can be used as a basis for design, planning, and evaluation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.601-606
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• 2015

Hutchinson (1961) proposed that the large number of species in most plankton communities is remarkable in review of the competitive exclusion principle, which suggests that in homogeneous, well-mixed environments species that compete for the same resources cannot coexist. The principle of competitive exclusion would lead us to conclude that only a few species could coexist in such circumstances. Nevertheless, numerous competing species in most natural habitats are able to coexist, while generally only few resources (niches) limit these communities. It is coined “the paradox of plankton” by Hutchinson. We reviewed some literature of the proposed solutions and give a brief overview of the mechanisms proposed so far. The proposed mechanisms that we discuss mainly include spatial and temporal heterogeneity in physical and biological environment, externally imposed or self-generated spatial segregation, horizontal mesoscale turbulence of ocean characterized by coherent vortices, oscillation and chaos generated by several internal and external causes, stable coexistence and compensatory dynamic under fluctuating temperature in resource competition, and finally the role of toxin-producing phytoplankton in maintaining the coexistence and biodiversity of the overall plankton populations. Especially we sited Roy and Chattopadhyay’s reviews and their toxin-producing hypothesis by phytoplankton. This review may be some information to study plankton communities and effect to put the solutions to the paradox that have been proposed over the years into perspective.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2013

Bioimpedance involves a lot of information related to living tissue. If there is alteration in bio tissue, its electrical characteristics also change. It is to study electrical characteristics of pork tenderlion in using a HP-4194A Impedance/Gain-phase analyzer instrument and electrical characteristics changes by graded radiation exposure dose. The results were as follow 1. Electrical characteristics of pork tenderlion in repeated measurement had high precision within ${\pm}5$% of coefficiency of variability. 2. During the measurement impedance absolute value and phase alteration did not show statistically significant difference.(p>0.05) 3. While impedance phase of electrical characteristics associated with frequency change was almost stable, impedance absolute value was in inverse proportion to frequency that means high inverse correlation of -0.096(r). 4. Impedance absolute value dropped in radiation exposure dose. The alteration of the value did not show statistically significant difference in 1 Gy, 2 Gy and 4 Gy.(p>0.05) However in radiation exposure dose of 10 Gy, the decrease of impedance absolute value was significantly different.(p<0.05) 5. Impedance phase according to radiation exposure dose change did not show statistically significant difference in 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 10 Gy(p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2012

The distribution, vegetation characteristics and an assessment of the conservation status of the Korea endemic species Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai were investigated to collect biological basic data to formulate a conservation strategy. According to the distribution map of C. hylomeconoides based on the literature, specimen information, and local field surveys, natural populations of C. hylomeconoides are intensively distributed in the Southern regions of the peninsula, around Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanan-do. C. hylomeconoides was distributed in the middle and low slope adjacent to a valley. The altitude ranged from 227 m to 744 m, with inclinations of $5-10^{\circ}$. As a result of a vegetation survey within natural populations, a total of 238 taxa were identified from 29 quadrates in 8 natural populations. The importance value of C. hylomeconoides is 25.34% based on the coverage and frequency of the herbaceous layer with in the populations. The species diversity of the occurrence of the species in 8 natural populations was 1.52, while the averages of species evenness and the dominance values were calculated to be 0.83 and 0.17, respectively. As a result of assessing the conservation status through IUCN Red List criteria, C. hylomeconoides was evaluated as Near Threatened (NT). Conservation strategies are also discussed for the sustainable conservation of C. hylomeconoides.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.291-307
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• 2001

In today's environmental engineering practice, many technologies such as GIS have been adopted to analyze chemical and biological process in water bodies and pollutants movements on the land surface. However, the linkage between spatially represented land surface pollutants and the in-stream processes has been relatively weak. This lack of continuity needs to develop a method in order to link the spatially-based pollutant source characterization with the water quality modeling. The objective of this thesis was to develop a two-way(forward and backward) link between ArcView GIS software and the USEPA water quality model, WASP5. This thesis includes a literature review, the determination of the point source and non-point source loadings from WASP5 modeling, and the linkage of a GIS with WASP5 model. The GIS and model linkage includes pre-processing of the input data within a GIS to provide necessary information for running a model in the forms of external input files. The model results has been post-processed and stored in the GIS database to be reviewed in a user defined form such as a chart, or a table. The interface developed from this study would provide efficient environment to support the easier decision making form water quality management.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

Recently the study of identifying bio-markers for disease diagnosis and prognosis has been actively performed. In particular, lots of attentions have been paid to the finding of pathway gene-sets differentially expressed in disease patients rather than the finding of individual gene markers. In this paper we propose a novel method to identify disease-related pathway gene-sets based on time-series microarray data. For this purpose, we firstly compute individual gene scores by the using maSigPro (microarray Significant Profiles) and then arrange all the genes in the decreasing order of the corresponding gene scores. The rank of each gene in the entire list is used to evaluate the statistical significance of candidate gene-sets with Wilcoxson rank sum test. For the generation of candidate gene-sets, MSigDB (Molecular Signatures Database) pathway information has been employed. The experiment was conducted with prostate cancer time-series microarray data and the results showed the usefulness of the proposed method by correctly identifying 6 out of 7 biological pathways already known as being actually related to prostate cancer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

We propose an novel artificial visual attention model that is capable of automatic detection and segmentation of saliency region on natural images in this paper. The proposed model is based on human visual perceptions in biological vision and contains there are main contributions. Firstly, we propose a novel framework of artificial visual attention model based on the opponent process theory using intensity and color features, and an entropy filter is designed to perceive salient regions considering the amount of information from intensity and color feature channels. The entropy filter is able to detect and segment salient regions in high segmentation accuracy and precision. Lastly, we also propose an adaptive combination method to generate a final saliency map. This method estimates scores about intensity and color conspicuous maps from each perception model and combines the conspicuous maps with weight derived from scores. In evaluation of saliency map by ROC analysis, the AUC of proposed model as 0.9256 approximately improved 15% whereas the AUC of previous state-of-the-art models as 0.7824. And in evaluation of salient region segmentation, the F-beta of proposed model as 0.7325 approximately improved 22% whereas the F-beta of previous state-of-the-art models.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.644-648
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• 2010

The influence of nematodes on nematophagous fungi has seldom been investigated. In the present study, the influence of pinewood nematode on its endoparasitic fungus, Esteya vermicola, was investigated systemically. Although both nematodal metabolite and nematodal homogenate could stimulate and speed up the growth of E. vermicola, the impact of nematodal metabolite was slightly higher than that of nematodal homogenate. In addition, a method was developed to investigate the influence of volatiles, discharged by pinewood nematodes in their metabolic process, on the growth of E. vermicola. Reproductive results were given and confirmed that nematodal volatiles have no influence on the cell growth of E. vermicola. This study may provide information for the application of E. vermicola as biological control agent of pinewood nematode.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.529-535
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• 2015

Biological networks have been handled with the static concept. However, life phenomena in cells occur depending on the cellular state and the external environment, and only a few proteins and their interactions are selectively activated. Therefore, we should adopt the dynamic network concept that the structure of a biological network varies along the flow of time. This concept is effective to analyze the progressive transition of the disease. In this paper, we applied the proposed method to Alzheimer's disease to analyze the structural and functional characteristics of the disease network. Using gene expression data and protein-protein interaction data, we constructed the sub-networks in accordance with the progress of disease (normal, early, middle and late). Based on this, we analyzed structural properties of the network. Furthermore, we found module structures in the network to analyze the functional properties of the sub-networks using the gene ontology analysis (GO). As a result, it was shown that the functional characteristics of the dynamics network is well compatible with the stage of the disease which shows that it can be used to describe important biological events of the disease. Via the proposed approach, it is possible to observe the molecular network change involved in the disease progression which is not generally investigated, and to understand the pathogenesis and progression mechanism of the disease at a molecular level.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

A variety of physical, chemical, and microbiological techniques have been developed to deal with soil and groundwater contamination. However, in the presence of the large portion of soil micro-environments, contaminant rebound and/or tailing have been frequently reported. Case study of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal by full-scale land farming showed that contaminant rebound and/or tailing occurred in 9 out of total 21 cases and subsequently resulted in problems of a long term operation to satisfy TPH guidelines of contaminated soil and groundwater. The main cause of contaminant rebound and tailing is considered to be the strong interactions between contaminants and micro-environments including micro-particles, micro-pores, and organic matter. Thus, this study reviewed the effects of soil micro-environments of soil and groundwater on the removal efficiency for both heavy metals and petroleum contaminants. In addition, the various methods of sampling, analysis, and assessment of soil micro-environments were evaluated. Thorough understanding of the effects of soil micro-environments on contaminant removal will be essential to achieve a cost-effective and efficient solution to contaminated sites.