• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

Anti-angiogenic mechanism was examined for anti-obesity agents with the extract of P.radix, P.semen, S.hebra and C.furctus through anti-cell adhesion effect and western blot. Cell adhesion molecules, VCAM-1 was supressed with the order of P.radix (0.2 ppm, 125%) > P.semen (0.5 ppm, 100%) > S.hebra (5.0 ppm, 114%) > C. furctus (5.0 ppm, 111.8%), ICAM-1 was inhibited by P.radix (0.25 ppm, 130%) > P.semen (0.5 ppm, 100%) > S.hebra (5.0 ppm, 138%) > C. furctus (5.0 ppm, 66.7%), E-Selectin was also supressed P.radix (0.25 ppm, 100%) > P.semen (1.0 ppm, 128%) > S.hebra (5.0 ppm, 120%) > C. furctus (5.0 ppm, 100.7%). And signal molecules, VE-cadherin was supressed by P.radix and S.hebra, ${\beta}$-catenin was inhibited by P.radix, and Akt was supressed all these 4 kinds of natural products. These P.radix, P.semen, S.hebra and C.furctus were showed the possibility of anti-obesity agents based on anti-angiogenesis.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2010

S59-4 isolate was evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent using in vivo wounded garlic bulb assay. When the spore suspension ($10^5$ spores/$m\ell$) of Penicillium hirsutum was co-inoculated with cell suspension of S59-4 isolate on wounded garlics, the isolate showed high suppressive effect to disease development. The isolate was identified as Pantoea agglomerans S59-4(Pa59-4) through Biolog system. Furthermore, soaking garlic bulbs in the suspension of Pa59-4 significantly reduced garlic decay caused by P. hirsutum. The optimal concentration of Pa59-4 for controlling garlic blue mold was $10^7\sim10^8$ cfu/$m\ell$. And suppressive effect of Pa59-4 on garlic storage decay reduced as inoculation concentration of Penicillium hirsutum increased. In addition in order to investigate population dynamics of Pa59-4 on application site of garlic cloves, two antibiotic markers, pimaricin and vancomycin were selected. Bacterial density of Pa59-4 on the wounded garlic cloves increased continuously both under room temperature condition and low temperature condition until 30days after application of Pa59-4, meanwhile that of Pa59-4 on intact garlic cloves increased until 15days after application of Pa59-4 and thereafter decreased continuously. Two culture media for mass-production of Pa59-4, LB medium and TSB medium, were selected. By-product of bio-fungicide formulated by mixing white carbon and bacterial suspension of Pa59-4 suppressed by 40 to 50% garlic blue mold. Above results suggest that Pa59-4 be a promising control agent against garlic blue mold.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

We systematically analyzed the Wetland Conservation Action Plan of Gyeongsangnam Province to evaluate conservation status in local government level. Project topics were categorized into 1) wetland infrastructure, 2) wetland conservation and wise use, 3) education and awareness, and 4) conservation framework. From 2010 to 2013, 42 projects (145 cases, 88,899 million won) were implemented by 14 affiliated organizations under Gyeongsangnam Provincial Government. The number of projects and budget size has been decreased over 4 years, besides most of main projects were continued. The budgets were largely used for wetland project of cities and counties. Development and implementation of various conservation projects may have considerable potential values in wetland conservation, while it is still difficult to assess their overall effectiveness in the society. Diverse wetland management practices in Gyeongsangnam Provincial Government have accumulated fundamental practices and knowledge for an effective local conservation. These administrative experiences will further benefit other local government to establish wetland management framework. To accelerate policy diffusion to other local governments, Gyeongsangnam Province needs to promote and share leading experiences and information of wetland conservation. Enhanced local government framework by the legislation at central government will further support country-level management plans and practices.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.398-402
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• 2013

This study was to investigate beneficial effects of microbial mixture on red pepper which was capable of promoting plant growth by solubilizing insoluble phosphate as well as protecting plants from pathogenic attack. Saccharomyces sp. L13 was isolated for phosphate solubilizing activity on aluminium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium hydrophosphate, and magnesium hydrophosphate. On the other hand, Bacillus sp. L32 was isolated for antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsisi and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, causing Phytophthora blight and Anthracnose disease in pepper, respectively. The strain L32 exhibited antagonistic activities both under dual culture assays and detached leaves assays. The each strain under the condition of mixed cultivation exhibited the same growth rates as one under pure cultivation. In greenhouse study, the mixed culture showed the both effect of plant growth promotion and reduction of disease symptom development against P. capsisi and C. gloeosporioides providing a potential as effective microbial agent for plant husbandry.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate both plant growth-promoting and plant disease- controlling activities of bacterial strains isolated from soil. All the isolated strains were able to grow at various temperatures. All the strains, except ANG40, showed antagonistic effects against various phytopathogenic fungi. This antagonism can be ascribed to the production of siderophores and antibiotic substances. In addition, all the strains showed abilities such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production. These results suggest that nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron can be converted into forms that can be easily absorbed by the plants for their growth. Analysis of the growth-promoting properties revealed that ANG51 produced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) both of which are related to ethylene production. In contrast, the other strains were found to have only IAA-producing ability. Therefore, this study suggests that Pseudomonas geniculata ANG3, Exiguobacterium acetylicum ANG40, and Burkholderia stabilis ANG51, which were selected through analysis of comparative advantages for both plant growth promotion and disease-controlling activity, may be used as biological agents.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

Methylmercury, an organic derivative, is the principal form of mercury that biomagnifies and causes neurodegenerative symptoms in animals. In recent years, living modified organism (LMO) resulting from biotechnology has played a highly visible and controversial role. Despite the potential benefits of this technology, public concerns have been raised about the environmental risk of LMO. The concern on the risk from LMO release has urged efforts to evaluate and manage the risks of the LMO. To build up the capacity building of risk assessment method for LMO used environmental remediation, we engineered Solanum nigrum L, expressing the modified bacterial gene, merB, encoding organomercurial lyase. Two independently isolated transgenic lines produced merB RNA. Transgenic Solanum nigrum leaf discs expressing merB gene showed organic mercury resistance, forming shoots well on growth medium containing $0.5{\mu}M$ methylmercury (II) chloride and $1{\mu}M$ phenylmercuric acetate while control plants breached. Transgenic merB seeds germinated and grew on growth medium containing $2{\mu}M$ methylmercury (II) chloride and phenylmercuric acetate. The merB transgenic plants will be used for risk assessment of natural environment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two talniflumate preparations. We used Somalgen tablet (Kun Wha Pharmaceutical Co., Korea.) as a reference drug for bioequivalence of Crimain tablet (Samjini Pharmaceutical Ind. Co., Korea), and performed this whole study according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male volunteers, $22.8{\pm}2.2$ years in age and $64.6{\pm}5.3\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 370 mg of talniflumate was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of talniflumate in plasma were determined using HPLC method with UV-detector. The analysis system was validated in specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity. These items of the analysis condition in this study conform to the guideline of KFDA. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ were calculated using the analysis condition we established and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and Cmax. $Mean{\pm}SD$ of reference drug and test drug in $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ value were $1.27{\pm}0.58\;({\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr)\;and\;0.27{\pm}0.13\;({\mu}g/ml)$ and $1.14{\pm}0.46\;({\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr)\;and\;0.26{\pm}0.10\;({\mu}g/ml)$ respectively. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log (1.25) for $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively. These results indicate that Samjin talniflumate tablet is bioequivalent to reference drug, Somalgen tablet.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2012

Background: Cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride, is an ester-type oral cephem antibiotic. This study was performed to compare the pharmacokinetics and evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride 75 mg formulations. Method: In a randomized $2{\times}2$ crossover study, sixty healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned into two groups. After a single dose of 75 mg cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride oral administration, blood samples were collected at specific time intervals from 0-12 hours. The plasma concentrations of cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride were determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the plasma concentration-time profiles of both formulations. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_{last}$, $AUC_{inf}$ and $C_{max}$, were calculated and the 90% confidence intervals for test/reference ratio for pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by analysis of variance on logarithmically transformed data. Results: The mean value for $AUC_{last}$ in test and reference drug was $4053.1{\pm}876.5\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$ and $3595.7{\pm}1029.1\;ng{\cdot}h/mL$, respectively. The mean value for $C_{max}$ in test and reference drug was $1324.9{\pm}321.4$ ng/mL and $1159.1{\pm}335.9$ ng/mL, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_{last}$ and $C_{max}$ ratio for test drug and reference drug were log 1.09-log1.22 and log 1.09-log1.24, respectively. No adverse events were reported by subjects or found on analysis of vital signs or laboratory tests. Conclusion: This single dose study found that the test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these health volunteers. Both formulations were safe and well tolerated in 75 mg of cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2004

Microparticles of an inclusion complex between itraconazole and 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HP-${\beta}$-CD) were prepared using an environmentally-benign supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process. In order to evaluate the degree of complexation, the thermal behavior of solid micro particulate complexes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results obatined for the solubility and dissolution rate of the microparticulate inclusion complexes in a buffer solution of pH 1.2 showed that the complexation of itraconazole with HP-${\beta}$-CD results in a significant increase in the solubility and dissolution rate of itraconazole. For the microparticulate itraconazole/Hp-${\beta}$-CD inclusion complexes prepared by the SAS process, about 80% of itraconazole was found to dissolve in the buffer solution. Our experimental results confirmed that the SAS process is a promising method for the preparation of microparticles of water-insoluble drug/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2015

Citrus mutant fruits were induced by irradiation of citrus budsticks with 120 Gy of cobalt (⁶⁰CO) gamma irradiation. The citrus mutant inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in various human cancer cells, including A549, HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, and Hela. The results of a trypan blue exclusion assay showed that citrus mutant fruits exhibited excellent antiproliferation activity in various human cancer cells and low cytotoxicity in normal 16HBE140- and CHANG cells. In addition, the cell death induced by the citrus mutant fruits was associated with an increased population of cells in sub-G1 phase, and it caused DNA fragmentation in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. It also up-regulated the amount of cellular nitric oxide (NO^•) produced as a result of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation and suppressed the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family in A549 and HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that the citrus mutant fruits activates the NO^•-mediated apoptotic pathway in A549 and HepG2 cells. It may merit further investigation as a potential chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent for the treatment of various types of cancer cells. The results provide important major new insights into the mechanisms of the anticancer activity of citrus mutant fruits.