• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1286-1294
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• 2012

Biological assessments of the macrobenthos community were carried out in the Seomjin River from May 2009 to November 2010. Fishes from 106 species belonging to 24 families and 10 orders were collected from the survey sites. Locational dominant species differed among sites, and the numbers of species and individuals differed depending on site, although six sites were not significantly different on the same survey dates. Across sites, the average number of species was 38.3, ranging from five at site 1 to 66 at site 2 in May 2009. Site 2 had the highest number of species on November 2009, while site 3 had the lowest. Arthropods dominated the macrobenthic community at species (63.2% May) and individual (60.9% November) levels. DO, BOD, and COD were shown to have the greatest effect on the numbers of macrobenthos. Peaks in the diversity index trended downwards from upstream to downstream sites.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.539-544
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• 2016

The aim of this study is identifying characteristics of spatial distribution using submerged debris data on the bottom of sea ground. Marine debris is classified into floating and submerged debris. These are polluting marine environment, ecology and habitat by floating and submerged. Also it takes a lot of money when it is to process the waste flowing into the ocean. In this study, it is used data of submerged debris by side scan sonar on the bottom of sea ground in Pohang port. Submerged distribution map is made to identify spatial classified characteristics of SMD(submerged marine debris) using by position and weight per area of SMD.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.143-157
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• 2023

This study confirmed the characteristics of macrobenthic community due to anthropogenic environmental changes in the Boryeong Jugyo tidal flat, where the habitat of manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and mud shrimp (Upogebia major) is separated. The total number of occurring species was 55 during the study period with an average habitat density of 338 ind./m² and a biomass of 212.2 gWWt/m². The number of occuring species increased from 27 species at the upper flat to 37 species at the lower flat, and the dominant species differed by tide levels (Upper: Leonnates persica, Middle: Heteromastus filiformis, Lower: R. philippinarum). The macro-benthic community sturctures of the top 10 species using cluster analysis and nMDS were divided into two groups, focusing on Manila clam culture farm of lower flats and middle flats with high habitat density, reflecting the influence of specific species. The sediment composition of the U. major habitat space fluctuated highly, but it was maintained annually, and the sorting coefficient was 2.1 𝜑, and the proportion of the same particle size was increased. In particular, because the middle flat has a dense anthropogenic impact, a dominant species, H. filiformis dominated and revealed a relationship with the density of burrow holes of U. major, which is considered to be a biological interaction between these two macrofauna in this tidal flat.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 2004

Macrobenthic fauna were studied on a tidal flat in Garolim Bay in July 2002, in order to understand their spatial distribution with the surface sediment types. Forty-nine stations were set on the tidal flat. A total of 147 species was sampled with the mean density of $1,140ind./m^2$ and the mean biomass of $157.2g/m^2$. The polychaetes were speices- and density-dominant faunal group with 64 species and the mean density of $791ind./m^2$. Mollusks were biomass-dominant faunal group with $132.0g/m^2$. Major dominant species were two polychaetes, Mediomastus californiensis with the mean density of $374ind./m^2$ and Heteromastus filiformis with $224ind./m^2$. Also mollusks such as Umbonium thomasi, Batillaria cumingi and Ruditapes philippinarum was relatively high in the mean density, showing the density of 45, 42, $32ind./m^2$ respectively. Especially, U. thomas was distributed in the mouth of the bay, where sediment grain size is rather coarse, and R. philippinarum at near tidal channel. Based on the cluster analysis, the macrobenthic community on the tidal flat was classified into seven station groups depending on the benthic environmental parameters(sediment types). Compared with other Korean tidal flats, species richness of Garolim tidal flats is more and less low.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.436-445
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• 2020

The number of protected areas has been steadily increased in Korea to achieve Aichi Target 11, and there are studies on potential protected areas that required additional designation. However, there has been an insufficient assessment of the complementarity of protected areas to conserve biodiversity effectively. This study identified the potential habitat areas using the species distribution model for plant species from the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey and compared the plant species abundance in the existing protected area and the potential protected areas using the similarity indices, such as the Jaccard index, Sorenson index, and Bray-Curtis index. As a result, we found that the complementarity of the existing protected areas and most potential protected areas were low, leading to the preservation of similar plant species. Only the buffer zone for Korea National Arboretum had high complementarity and thus is important to conserve some species with the other protected areas. This study confirmed that it was necessary to select additional protected areas outside the existing or potential protected areas to protect plant species with a low inclusion ratio of potential habitats within the protected area. This study is significant because it identified the ecological representativeness of each protected area to examine if the individual protected area can conserve unique and various species and proposed a method of finding candidate areas for additional conservation spatially. The findings of this study can be a valuable reference for the qualitative improvement of protected areas through the complementarity assessments, including animals and the effectiveness assessment study of protected areas using the National Ecosystem Survey data in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2001

The apicomplexan parasite, Perkinsus sp., has been reported as a causative pathogen responsible for the mass mortality of the Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum in European countries as well as in Korea. Prevalence, infection intensity, histopathologic features and zoosporulation of Perkinsus found in the Manila clams distributed along the coast of Cheju Island were investigated in this study. Clams were collected from nine different beaches along the Cheju Island from May to July in 2000. Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (RFTM) and Choi's NaOH lysis methods were applied in the diagnosis and quantification of the Perkinsus infection. Prevalence, percentage infection of the parasite examined was 100% in Pyosun, 70% in Sungsan, 63% in Kumneong, 33% in Jongdalri, 21% in Iho, 17% in Moslpo, and 14% in Seogwipo. No Perkinsus was found in the clams collected from Kimnyong and Yongmeo-ri. Infection intensity as a number of Perkinsus cells per gram tissue wet weight (twwt), was 98,430 cells/g twwt in Pyosun, 78,553 cells/g twwt in Sungsan, 18,980 cells/g twwt in Kumneong, 4,290 cells/g twwt in Jongdalri, 1,527 cells/g twwt in Iho, 1,069 cells/g twwt in Moslpo, and 853 cells/g twwt in Seogwipo. Histological preparation of the infected tissues revealed trophozoites of Perkinsus sp., ranged from 5 to 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, in diameter mostly distributed in the digestive gland and the gill filaments. Zoospores were discharged from the hypnospore via discharging tube about 2 days after incubated in filtered and aerated seawater. In general, the prevalence and infection intensity of Perkinsus in Cheju Island were much lower than that reported from the western and southern coast of Korea.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.167-182
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate temporal and spatial distribution of macrobenthic community and elucidate effects of environmental factors on change of community structure in an intertidal flat, Hakseong-ri, Boryeong, Korea. Field surveys were seasonally conducted to collect samples of sediment and macrobenthos using can core in triplicate at nine stations in 2016 and 2017. Our results showed that sediment had high mud content (above 60%) in most samples and mean content of loss on ignition was 2.3% in 2016. A total of 79 species was collected in the study site during the study period. Mean density and biomass were 611 ind./m² and 64.1 gWWt/m², respectively. Heteromastus filiformis was the dominant species (48.6%, 297 ind./m²) followed by Macrophthalmus japonicus (10.1%, 62 ind./m²) and Upogebia major (6.9%, 42 ind./m²). Three assembly groups resulted from cluster analysis were more distinguished by interaction between organisms and frequency of dominant species than by physical and chemical environment characteristics. In addition, macrobenthic community in the Hakseong intertidal flat showed seasonal changes based on non metric multidimensional scaling using species abundance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6B
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• pp.565-575
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the expression of both multi-metric qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) and biological integrity index (IBI) for artificial structures eco-artificial fish reef (EAFR) for fishes asylum and habitat. Especially, both experimental evaluation and biological verification were performed in Water and Environmental Center's outdoor test-bed of Korea Institute of Construction Technology located in Andong-city, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The experimental conditions reflecting the situation of domestic river include the flow rate (e.g., $0.0{\sim}1.5m\;s^{-1}$), the width (e.g., 1.0~3.0 m), the depth (e.g., 0.05~0.70 m), and variable bed materials. Both QHEI and IBI were monitored for 8 months from May to December 2010. Whereas QHEI values were highest at experimental points of the E~F with an average of 83.1, those were lowest at B~C with an average of 78.1. However, QHEI values inside EAFR were more than 98.9, regardelss of space and time, and indicated more than the highest good of the state (Good) in the habitat. Overally, IBI values showed similar trend with QHEI, but were 44.2 in the winter dry season, compared to 32.8 of QHEI values. IBI values Also, IBI values inside EAFR were greater than those at the experimental channel by 5.7 to 11.4% and 18.7 to 34.8% in flow and stagnant conditions, respectively, indicating that EAFR can secure asylum and habitat for fish during the dry season. For comprehensive aquatic ecosystem assessment, the experimental channel showed generally fair conditions (Fair~Good), whereas EAFR showed good conditions (Good), suggesting that EAFR can be applied to aquatic ecosystem restoration and improvement.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.691-706
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• 2008

This study analysed problems of railroadside buffer green space and suggested planting methods according to space function and planting concept in seashore reclaimed land, Ansan city. Planting density of railroadside buffer green zone of Ansan city was $0.04{\sim}0.17tree/m^2$, GVZ was $0.15{\sim}1.65m^3/m^2$ which is represented of deficiency of buffer function. In addition, soil hardness of mounded buffer green zone was $2.72{\sim}15kg/cm^2$. It was examined to have functions in terms of habitat for wildbirds and other organisms, surrounding landuse, urban greens, seasonality, landscape for function improvement of buffer green space. Functions of buffer green space were re-established as habitat for organism, buffer and landscape improvement, landscape and urban park, buffer zone and habitat. It was suggested to select Pinus thunbergii as a dominated species of planting method for buffer function and planting density in canopy and under-canopy layer was $0.4tree/m^2$, $0.5/m^2$ in shrub layer. In terms of landscape improvement function, Zelkova serrata, Prunus sargentii and Prunus armeniaca were selected as major species and it in canopy and under-canopy layer was $0.2tree/m^2$ and $0.5tree/m^2$ in shrub layer. In terms of habitat function Quercus acutissima, Prunus sargentii and Sorbus alnifolia were as major species and it in canopy layer was $0.06tree/m^2$, $0.1tree/m^2$ in under canopy layer, $0.8tree/m^2$ in shrub layer.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.spc2
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• pp.865-873
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a river space restoration framework considering various functions of river basin system. In particular, we will present sustainable river basin management directions by quantifying the effect of improving the aquatic ecosystem through the restoration of river space. For this purpose, the present problems are derived from functional aspects of the river basin, and the river area restoration framework linked with the individual outcome indicators is constructed to evaluate the restoration effect by each function. The ecological impact of restoration of river area was quantitatively analyzed by introducing ecotope concept. As a result of the comparison of restoration effects by creating three kinds of river area restoration scenarios, the construction of suitable habitat such as backswamp in the expanded area has shown favorable results in expanding biodiversity. The diversity evaluation of ecotope in conjunction with the hydraulic and hydrological characteristics of the year will not only provide the expected effects of restoration of river space but will also serve as a criterion about post-project monitoring for outcome evaluation.