• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생물농약

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Current and Future of dsRNA-mediated Pest Management (Double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)를 이용한 해충방제의 현황과 미래)

  • Yoon, June-sun;Ji, Chang Yoon;Seong, Keon Mook;Choi, Man-yeon
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.61 no.1
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2022
  • Over the past decade, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated gene silencing technology has progressed significantly for pest management in agriculture and for protecting beneficial insects from pathogens. Recently, breakthroughs in RNA interference (RNAi) applications for insect pest management by academia and commercial entities have provided RNAi products as commercial biopesticides. Although RNAi technology has vast potential and advantages for pest control, challenges, and limitations remain in practical applications. This review explores current challenges in the development of dsRNAs as a pest management tool and considers new approaches to overcome biological and environmental obstacles, such as poor stability and resistance.

Environmental Fate of Trichlorfon Used to Control Agelastica coerulea B. in Forest by Aerial Application (오리나무 잎벌레(Agelastica coerulea B.) 방제용 살충제 Trichlorfon(Dipterex)의 환경 동태)

  • Lee, Sung-Kyu;Kim, Yong-Hwa;Roh, Jung-Koo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.119-129
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    • 1986
  • Disappearence of the trichlorfon (Dipterex) in the forest, following aerial to control Agelastica coerulea B., were studied by sampling deposits on slide glasses, soils, water, and leaves, and analysing with a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. By analysing the amount remained on slide glasses, it was shown that the pesticide was adequately sprayed and nearly all deposit was lost in a day. The amount deposited under the tree was about 1/100 of the amount at an exposed site. Concentration of trichlorfon in creek water was 10 to 100 times as high as the acute toxic level to zooplankton for 6 to 24 hours, The rain could recontaminate the stream water up to the toxic level. Loss rate of trichlorfon from soils showed variations by sampling sites and was generally slower than from slide glasses. Amount deposited on leaves were less than the calculated or expected amount. The loss from leaves were similar to that from soil.

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Biological Monitoring of the Exposure Level of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Floriculture Workers and Florists (화훼작업 종사자의 유기인계 및 피레스로이드 살충제 노출에 대한 생물학적 모니터링)

  • Song, Jae Seok;Kwon, Ki Doo;Choi, Hong Soon;Yu, Ho Young
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 2014
  • This study was performed to evaluate the exposure level of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide to floriculture workers and florists. The urinary dialkylphosphates, metabolites of organophosphorus insecticides, including dimethylphosphate (DMP), diethylphosphate (DEP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), diethylthiophosphate(DETP) and pyrethroids of metabolites, cis/trans DCCA, DBCA, and 3-PBA were analysed to evaluate the exposure of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide to floriculture workers and florists. The concentration of DMP is highest in floriculture workers. but the concentration of DETP is highest in retail florist. The concentration of 3-PBA is highest in floriculture workers. The amount of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide expusure is highest in flower workers, wholesale florist and retail florists are followed. The management for reducing pesticide exposure to floriculture workers and wholesale florist is required.

Antagonistic Effect of Lactobacillus sp. Strain KLF01 Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum (세균성 시들음병에 대한 식물성 유산균(Lactobacillus sp.)의 저해효과)

  • Shrestha, Anupama;Choi, Kyu-Up;Lim, Chun-Keun;Hur, Jang-Hyun;Cho, Sae-Youll
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2009
  • An antagonistic bacterial strain KLF01 was isolated from rhizosphere of tomato and identified to be Lactobacillus sp. by biochemical and genetic analysis. This strain showed antagonism against the used plant pathogenic bacteria like Ralstonia solanacearum, (bacterial wilt), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, (Citrus canker), Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Bacterial spot), Eriwinia pyrifoliae (Shoot-blight) and Eriwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora group (Potato scab) through agar well diffusion method. In planta test done by drench application of strain KLF01 (4×108cfu/ml)(4×108cfu/ml) into the experimental plot containing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar 'Lokkusanmaru' and red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar 'Buja' plants, in pot test post-inoculated with the plant pathogenic bacteria, R. solanacearum significantly reduced the disease severity, compared to the non-treated plants.

Isolation and Identification of Micromonospora sp. Showing Nematocidal Activity Against Pine Wood Nematode (소나무재선충에 대한 살선충 활성을 나타내는 Micromonospora sp.의 분리 및 동정)

  • Park, Dong-Jin;Lee, Jae-Chan;Kim, Pan-Kyung;Kim, Chang-Jin
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.97-101
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    • 2008
  • For the isolation of Actinomycetes showing nematocidal activity against Pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, about 2000 culture broth of Actinomycetes were tested and their activity were compared with that of Streptomyces avermitilis resulting a selected strain AW050027. The cultural, morphological and physiological analysis was performed for the identification of a selected strain. Phylogenetic analyses based on 165 rDNA gene sequences showed that the selected strain AW050027 belonged to the genus Micromonospora and M. corioriae NAR01TNAR01T was the closest neighbors, sharing 98.9% 165 rDNA gene sequence similarity.

Synthesis and biological activities of organophosphate and carbamate compounds derived from 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoic acid and 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid (2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoic acid와 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid의 유기인계와 카바메이트계 유도체 합성 및 생물활성)

  • Choi, Dal-Soon;Kyung, Suk-Hun;Kwon, Oh-Kyung;Seong, Ki-Seog
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.12-17
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    • 1998
  • Salicylic acid and 3-hydroxy benzoic acid are nitrated and esterified with some alcohols. Five phosphate and six carbamate compounds of alkyl-5-nitrosalicylate and alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate are synthesized by reacting alkyl-5-nitrosalicylate and alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate with diethyl-chlorophosphate and methyl isocyanate. As the bioassay results of synthesized compounds on five insects and six pathogens, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) mortality of O-(2-carbomethoxy-4-nitrophenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate and O-(2-nitro-5-carbo methoxyphenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate was 96%, while four compounds including O-(2-carbo-(2-chloroethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate showed more than 95% of fungicidal activity on rice blast.

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Selective toxicity of aphicides to the predator Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Myzus persicae(Homoptera: Aphididae) (복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)과 무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis)에 대한 진딧물방제용 살충제의 선택독성)

  • Kim, Gil-Hah;Lee, Young-Soo
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.84-89
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    • 1999
  • This experiment was conducted to select the selective aphicides to Myzus persicae adults and its predator, Harmonia axyridis adults. The effects of the selective aphicides on the longevity, fecundity and hatchability of predaror were examined. All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of those aphicides. Mortalities of adult H. axyridis to pirimicarb (162.5 ppm), fenvalerate (50 ppm) and endosulfan (577.5ppm) were shown 0, 20 and 22.5%, respectively. Endosulfan and fenvalerate showed the mortality above 48% to eggs and larvae H. axyridis, but pirimicarb was not toxic to those stages. Pirimicarb did not affect to the longevity, fecundity and hatchability of H. axyridis, but endosulfan and fenvalerate severely affected to the predators. From these results, pirimicarb can be used in biological controls for M. persicae.

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Control Effects of different Concentrations and Mixtures of the commercial Bacillus thuringiensis Products against Moths (Bacillus thuringiensis 제품의 농도 및 혼합 조건에 따른 나방류 방제 효과)

  • Kim, Jeong Jun;Zhu, Hong;Han, Ji Hee;Lee, Sangyeob;Park, Hong-Hyun;Lee, Sang Guei
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.387-390
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    • 2012
  • Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and tobacco cutworm (S. litura) are insect pests causing damage in many economically important vegetables in Korea. Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly known as Bt, has been available as an alternative insecticide for many years. Five commercial Bt products and the mixtures evaluate the control efficacy against three kinds of moths. These commercial Bt products had high control efficacy against 2nd2nd instar of diamondback moth, but didn't show high mortality against beet armyworm and tobacco cutworm. Mixtures of Bt products didn't have synergistic effects to the tested moths. Also application of twice and four times the recommended concentration didn't improve the control effects against the tested three species of moths.

Enhanced Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella, Using an Immunosuppressive Effect of Juvenile Hormone Analogue, Pyriproxyfen, Formulation (유약호르몬 유사체인 피리프록시펜 제제의 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella) 면역 억제 효과와 이를 이용한 Bacillus thuringiensis 살충력 제고 기술)

  • Kim, Geun-Seob;Kim, Yong-Gyun
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 2009
  • Juvenile hormone (JH) is an insect hormone mediating immature metamorphosis and adult reproduction. It also mediates immune responses to suppress hemocyte behavior, which is, however, activated by ecdysteroid. This study investigated an effect of a commercial pyriproxyfen (a JH agonist) formulation on a cellular immune response of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, and analysed its mixture with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in insecticidal potency. The commercial pyriproxyfen formulation significantly suppressed hemocyte-spreading behavior at low doses as did in pyriproxyfen technical grade. When the commercial pyriproxyfen formulation was mixed with Bt, Bt toxicity was significantly increased against P. xylostella larvae in laboratory. The mixture effect was then confirmed in field cultivating cabbage infested with P. xylostella larvae. The mixture showed a significantly enhanced mortality and reduced effective lethal time, compared to only Bt treatment.

Antifungal Activity of Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08 Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08의 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides에 대한 항균활성)

  • Kim, Hye Young;Lee, Tea Soo
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.258-265
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    • 2012
  • Bacterial strains isolated from diseased red pepper fruits showed inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus sp. based on its physiological, biochemical characteristics and MicroLog analysis and named Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08. The bacterium showed the highest level of antifungal activity C. gloeosporioides when cultured at 25C25C for 60 hrs in LB broth with initial pH of 7.0. The butanol fraction from culture extract of Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides than any other agricultural chemicals tested. Pepper fruits and seeds treated with spores of C. gloeosporioides showed symptoms, while those treated with the culture extract and C. gloeosporioides together did not show any symptoms. Therefore, the culture extract of Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08 have a potential for biocontrol agent of red pepper anthracnose.