• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-105
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• 2016

The purposes of this study is to debate the duty to share and right to be forgotten of human materials and human genome information in modern personalized medicine. This study debates the use of human materials and human genome information in modern personalized medicine from the perspectives of the duty to share and right to be forgotten. The arguments are based on personal and community aspects. In general, human genome information is considered the personal property of an individual. Nevertheless, on thinking carefully, we can understand that human materials and human genome information have both personal and community aspects. In this study, cases are examined including a HeLa cell, Guaymi woman cell strain, and Hagahai man cell, to support various debates an genetic information for database construction in personalized medicine. Finally, using moral theories, this study attempts to synthesize the dialectics of the duty to share and right to forget regarding the use of human materials and human genome information in medicine.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2010

Objective : This study is designed to present the direction and the necessity of education on the biomedical ethics the establish desirable ethical view of paramedic students by understanding on the consciousness of students of department of emergency medical technology on biomedical ethics on euthanasia. Method : Data were collected from on 335 students of department of emergency medical technology in 4-year-college located in districts of Chungcheong-do, from March 4 to April 22, 2010. The questionnaire consisted of total 29 items, i.e., 11 items of general characteristics, 11 items of characteristics related to biomedical ethics and 7 items of consciousness on euthanasia. Result : In general characteristics, the first grade showed the most dense distribution of 37.3%, the second grade was 20.0%, the third grade was 20.9% and the fourth grade was 21.8%. In the consciousness of biomedical ethics on euthanasia, the third and the fourth grades showed a higher ratio(${\chi}^2$ = 136.327, p= .000), in comparison with the first and the second grades, the higher year they were, the higher degree of consciousness they had. The consciousness on each item of euthanasia showed significant differences in grade (F = 8.203, p= .000), experience of clinical practice or none (t = 3.731, p= .000), experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 1.997, p = .047) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 8.240, p = .000) regarding 'CPR shall not be required in any cases if a patient wants DNR', in experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 2.452, p= .015) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.725, p = .044) regarding if a patient refuses all treatments, the patient's opinion shall be respected', and in degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.858, p = . 037) regarding 'after determination of DNR, if the family wants a positive treatment, it shall follow the family's request'. Conclusion : It seemed that the differences in consciousness according to grade and experience of clinical practice were influenced by experiences to treat patients in personally. Moreover, it showed that the higher grade they are, the more experience of education they have, the experiences of education had influences on the consciousness. Development of educational programs is required in order to supply accurate knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to lower-grade students the to let them establish ethical views properly, and in order to correct wrong knowledge and to establish ethical views while supplying knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to higher-grade students.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 1991

When open reduction of maxilla fractures is postponed due to concurrent life-threatening injuries, delayed union may result with malunion or nonunion. If delayed malunion is occurred, significant facial deformity may result, including a dished-out face, irregular retromaxillism with Angle's class III malocclusion, open anterior bite, nasal collapse, telecanthus and malar flattening. The treatment planning for this problem includes cephalometric evaluation anterior and lateral tomograms, dental casts, orthodontic planning, dental planning and use of impression tray to rupture the fibrous tissue casts, orthodontic planning, dental planning and use of impression tray to rupture the fibrous tissue attachment at the fracture site. In this paper, one case presented a 58-year-old female patient with maxilla retrusion after comminuted fracture, who was treated with orthodontic methods of maxillary protraction headgear and Plaster headcap, whereas the other two cases were about male patients who were treated principally with surgically open reduction or Le Fort I-controlled transverse osteotomy with iliac bone graft.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.237-281
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• 2017

This research aimed at investigating Kim Gyoshin's recognition on Korean traditional ideology and harmony of Christian idea and traditional idea through the writing and diary in "Bible Joseon". Kim Gyoshin expressed positive interest in Korean traditional idea and traditional religion, and intended to localize Christian belief through communicating with them. He expressed infinite respect for national cultural asset of Buddhism, intending to research Korean Buddhism. He paid utmost attention to Confucianism among traditional ideas. He had a strong affection for learning(好學), benevolence(仁義), conscience(良心) of Confucianism as patriotic character. He calmly practiced caution and solitary(愼獨) of sincere(誠), solemnity(敬) of Confucianism through his life, however he chose Christian belief by accepting atonement belief realizing human sinful nature fundamentally inherent in human being. He personally respected Confucius and lived after the model of him, however he searched the spirit of life to renew the people from Christianity. Academically, he respected Confucius, and believed in Jesus in religion. He highly evaluated the attitude of patriot(志士), which highly regarded the academic attitude of learning(好學) and benevolence(仁義), in this regard, criticized blind and non-intellectual belief. He had an open attitude toward Korean traditional idea with no prejudice. As human individuals have their own inherent moral value, he viewed that each people would have their inherent ethnicity and mission. He considered that Korean Peninsula where contradiction and yoke of the world history are inherent is the center of East Asia that would purify injustice of the world. He viewed that Korean people had owned their original good heart[仁] even before Buddhism and Confucianism had been transmitted to the country. He determined that Korean people were good people, who received goodness from the heaven. However, while Uchimura created Japanese style Christianity by adapting Japanese knighthood to Christian idea, Kim Gyoshin lacked sharp critical mind regarding how to establish Korean style Christianity by adapting which of Korean traditional idea to Christian idea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.586-593
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of fire safety education in middle and high school teachers. The results of this study provide basic data necessary for future school safety education. The research was carried out using a questionnaire given to 317 school teachers. The frequency of the questionnaire was calculated from frequency analysis using SPSS version 19.0. A chi-square test was conducted to verify the analyzed questionnaire data. Cronbach's alpha for fire safety awareness in the respondents is 0.845, which is very reliable. According to the results of the survey, fire safety education currently conducted in schools is aimed at having a safe lifestyle and respect for life. The training is conducted once every six months, on average, and training time is 30 to 45 minutes. Fire safety education in schools is conducted in the form of experience-oriented education in cooperation with fire-related organizations following the plan of the school. Educational texts are used and utilized through the Internet and in related publications. Under the present circumstances, it is necessary to secure sufficient space to run an experience-related education program and to actively participate in the students' fire safety education at the school.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.37
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• pp.229-262
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• 2021

The debate on the treatment of animals has accelerated as a social issue in the West since the 1970s. In 1975, Peter Singers argued in his book, Animal Liberation, that speciesism should be banned. This led to an explosion in research on animal welfare in the philosophical and social sciences. Following Singer, Tom Regan suggested considering the animal rights as being on the same level as human rights. Their arguments were that animals should be imbued with some intrinsic weight sufficient enough to remind humans of their social responsibility to animals at least to a certain degree. In this regard, social responsibility for animal welfare as well as animal rights has formed an axis that organizes human morality in modern society. Such arguments regarding animal welfare can be perceived as an active and creative effort which accords with the free will of human beings who in Daesoon Thought are understood as facing the era of human nobility. This argumentation also aligns with the doctrine of grievance-resolution for mutual beneficence as a practical creed due to the way in which modern bioethics implies that animal welfare could become a practical communal morality integrated into legal systems prior to adoption as a system of individual morality. From within this context, this study discusses the nature and limits of modern animal welfare and animal rights from the perspective of the grievance-resolution which Kang Jeungsan promised to animals.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2020

Purpose: According to the Body-EU education program, this study investigates changes after conducting education with ten subjects with autism symptoms (disability level 2~3) 63 times (126 hours) for nearly two years. Methods: Body-EU habit practice, note writings discussion, singing, Bible study, question and communication, class arrangement, etc., a total of 63 times were educated for 2 hours each week. Results: Subjects felt comfortable breathing and improved energy. Other subject's habit of an out-toed gait step and bending back alleviated. One subject made it easier to speak, so if talking with no strength. When breathing, the stuffy nose improved, the eyes became calm, and the hands and feet were warm. Subject felt like my head was cleaned. Heart tightness disappeared. Subject felt at ease as gaining confidence. The subject gained confidence in seeing whoever the other person was. The subject's pronunciation became more sophisticated, with more confidence, and his mouth cramping alleviated. Subjects with right eye movements showed a relatively high concentration in education time. Conclusions: Subjects are educated and trained in making general habits of their body from morning to going to bed. This study was a research program for ordinary people, but it confirmed with autism. Whether it was genetic autism or acquired autism, they could be somewhat relieved.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 2023

Can art really change the way people understand and interact with nature in order to reduce the possibility that ecological disasters will continue to expand due to failure to correct human actions that damage the global environment? What is the artistic methodology to realize environmental justice and sustainability of life on Earth? This paper seeks to find answers to these questions. Finding ways to look at, feel, understand, and act for the global environment, that is, the process of considering the way of orientation toward the global environment will lead to critical thinking of the history in which human centered behaviors treated nature as a resource for exploitation rather than a source of life. Therefore, this paper pays attention to the ecological art of The Harrison Studio, which is called the 'pioneer of the environmental art movement'. In the main body, The Harrison Studio's major projects are analyzed to find ecological implications and aesthetic strategies. In particular, their dialogical methodologies are demonstrated in detail. To this end, the significance of various collaborative practices of The Harrison Studio is explained. The Harrison Studio contributed to expanding the scope of practical experience and understanding of the value of eological art. They have the power to look back on the direction of ecological consciousness by constantly producing mutually connected and overlapping epistemic dimensions without being limited to any uniform rules of exchange.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2023

This paper is aimed at exploring a multi-racial, multi-ethnic, and multi-cultural trianglulation of Black, White, and Korean American race relations connected to a large-scale disturbance in the 1992 Los Angeles riots. The second generation Korean American Steph Cha's Your House Will Pay (2019) focuses on a social portrait of the racially marginalized beings as Korean immigrant merchants and African American native consumers. This family saga explores issues resulting from racial hierarchy, racialized stereotypes, and historical marginalization in the internalized sociometry of race and class inequality. This work grapples with issues involved in a sociocultural web of racial triangulation under the white dominant structure, and ensuing intergroup conflicts of social minorities in the economic geography of urban space. It opens up civil discussions for transracial, transethnic, and transcultural interactions and coexistence. It ultimately leads to extending young people's minds for a deep understanding of the socioecomonic landscape of racial matrix, and enhancing the cultural literacy for a better awareness of social empathy and the communal respect of life.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.21
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• pp.29-97
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• 2013

뇌법은 도교의 중요한 법술로서 당송(唐宋)이래 매우 흥했는데, 북송의 임영소 등이 신소파(神霄派)를 개창한 이후에 도교 법문을 대표하는 영역이 되었다. 그로부터 각종의 뇌법이 천하에 성행하였고, 도교에는 새로운 뇌신들이 거듭 나타나게 되었다. 그 대표적인 것이 뇌법신앙의 구진천존(九宸天尊)인데, 이 아홉 천존들은 도교의 최고신인 삼청성조(三清聖祖)의 통치 하에 있는 것으로 간주되었다. 『옥추보경』은 북송 때 탄생하였는데 이 경전이 세상에 널리 발간되어 구천응원뇌성보화천존에 대한 신앙이 형성된 것은 남송 시기 백옥섬(白玉蟾) 이후이다. 『옥추보경』은 구천응원뇌성보화천존의 법문(法門)을 선양하기 위한 방책으로 천존의 성호를 부를 것을 권장한다. 법문을 염송하는 것은 매우 쉽고도 간단하여 누구나 할 수 있었으므로 사회적으로 크게 확대되었다. 특히 『봉신연의』와 『서유기』와 같은 문예소설에 뇌성보화천존이 등장함으로 해서, 민중들은 뇌성보화천존을 더욱 널리 숭배하게 되었다. 현재도 중국의 민간에서 이 신격에 대한 신앙은 매우 보편적이다. 구천응원뇌성보화천존은 옥청진왕(玉清真王)의 화신(化身)이다. 뇌성보화천존은 시방에 그 형체를 나타내고, 중생들을 고뇌로부터 구제하고 이끈다. 36천을 주재할 권능이 있으며, 자비로운 모습으로 모든 겁에 응한다. 또 뇌성보화천존의 주변에는 뇌공(雷公), 우사(雨師), 풍백(風伯)을 비롯한 십대원사(十大元帥)와 등백온원사(鄧伯溫元帥), 신한신원사(辛漢臣元帥) 등의 신장들이 보인다. 이러한 신장들은 양송(兩宋) 시대에 출현하였으며 대다수가 뇌부의 제신들이다. 뇌성보화천존 신앙을 구현하기 위한 재초 의식에는 천지 제신(諸神)이 강림하기를 청하는 뇌정사과(雷霆謝過)와 죄를 뉘우치고 복을 비는 참의(懺儀) 또는 참회문식(懺悔文式) 등이 있다. 이런 법식들은 매우 전문적인 것이고, 일반인들에게는 법문을 염송하는 간편한 방법인 십자천경법(十字天經法)이 널리 퍼졌다. 즉 늘 경건한 마음으로 천존의 성호를 오랫동안 염송하게 되면 공덕원만(功德圓滿)의 경지에 도달할 수 있다는 것이다. 『옥추보경』은 민중의 세계에 깊은 영향을 끼치고 광범위하게 알려져 그 주해나 주석본만도 이십여 종에 이르렀고 송원 이래의 핵심적인 도교 문헌의 하나로 자리매김하였다. 『옥추보경』은 일본과 한국 등지에도 급속히 전파되었다. 한국에는 고려시대에 신소뇌법(神霄雷法)이 전해졌는데, 특히 고려 예종 13년(1118년) 7월에 중국 도교 의학이 고려에 전승되었을 때의 도교 의학이 『옥추보경』을 위주로 한 치료법이었다. 그리고 그 흔적은 조선의 허준이 주편한 『동의보감』에서도 찾아볼 수 있다. 조선의 민간에서는 많은 사람들이 『옥추보경』을 송독하였고 거기에 수록된 부록(符籙)을 운용하였으며 이로써 병을 몰아내고 잡귀를 물리쳐 생명을 지키기를 바랐다. 현대 한국에서는 구천응원뇌성보화천존강성상제에 대한 신앙이 크게 성행하고 있으니, 그 종단이 바로 대순진리회이다. 대순진리회는 증산 성사께서 인세에 강림하시기 전에 구천대원조화주신이며, 화천 후 구천응원뇌성보화천존상제의 위에 임하였다고 신앙한다. 즉 증산이 천존상제의 화신이라 믿는 것이다. 이것과는 좀 다르지만, 인간이 신의 화신이 되는 신성한 변화를 뇌법에서는 '변신(變神)'이라고 부른다. 변신은 내련(內煉)을 행할 때나 시법(施法)시에 도인들이 필히 진입해야 할 특이한 정신 상태로서, 자아의 존재를 망각하고 신진(神真)으로 변화하여 인신합일(人神合一)을 이루는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 변신은 대순진리회의 수도 목적인 도통과도 한편으로는 유사한 면이 있다고 생각된다. 대순진리회가 목적하는 지상신선실현이 의미하는 것은, 사람이 도를 깨닫는 노력을 통해 신의 경지에 도달하는 것이 아니라 인간의 본질과 천성을 회복하여 이에 상응하는 신과 합일하는 것이라는 점에서 뇌법의 변신과 유사한 점이 있다고 할 것이며 이에 대해서는 추후 연구과제로 남겨둔다.