• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2015.03a
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• pp.24-31
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• 2015

효소는 생명 현상을 구현하는 단백질 촉매인데 그 동안 효소의 촉매 반응 속도는 Michaelis-Menten(MM) 모델로 대부분 설명되어 왔다. 그러나 MM 모델은 실험으로 측정된 단일 효소 반응시간의 확률분포 모양을 설명할 수 없다. MM 모델에 반응계수의 정적 무질서 개념을 도입한 효소 반응 모델도 기질 농도에 따라 변화하는 효소 반응시간의 통계적 요동을 설명하지 못한다. 우리는 단일 효소 반응시간의 통계적 요동이 기질에 따라 변화하는 양상을 설명하기 위해 효소 반응을 구성하는 개별 화학반응을 단순히 푸아송 과정이 아닌 갱신과정(renewal process)으로 확장한 효소 반응 모델을 제안한다. 우리는 이 단일 효소 반응 모델과 기질에 따른 효소 반응시간 분산 변화 데이터를 비교하여 효소-기질 복합체의 지속시간 분포를 간단한 형태로 얻어내었다. 또한, 이 정보를 토대로 전산모사를 수행하여 효소 반응시간의 확률분포를 얻어내고, 실제 실험 결과 및 기존 이론들과 비교하였다. 뿐만 아니라 단일 효소 반응시간의 확률분포를 연속 시간 임의의 보행자(continuous time random walker)의 대기시간 확률분포(waiting time distribution)로 대응하면, 평균 제곱 변위가 시간에 따라 단순히 증가 하지 않는 고분자의 특이 수송(anomalous diffusion) 현상도 정량적으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• Disaster and Security
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2015

최근 들어 전국의 곳곳에서 화재가 발생하여 귀중한 인명과 재산을 잃는 대형 참사(慘事)로 이어지고 있다. 화재가 발생했을 때에 초기진화(初期鎭火) 및 인명(人命)의 대피시간(待避時間)인 소위 골든타임은 대략 5분정도이다. 또한 화재사고를 직접체험하게 되면 패닉(panic)현상을 초래하여 우왕좌왕, 혼란의 블랙홀(Black hole)에 함몰(陷沒)되게 마련이다. 의정부 아파트 화재에서처럼 대부분의 골목길은 많은 차량들이 주차되어 소방차 긴급출동에 장애가 되고 있는 실정이다. 보편적으로 화재발생 시 소방대는 5분 내에 출동을 목표로 훈련을 한다. 하지만 화재현장에서 소방대에 화재신고가 신속히 이루지지 못하는 지체시간(遲滯時間)을 감안하면 소방대가 현장에 도착하여 진압작업을 개시하는 시점에는 이미 골든타임을 벗어나 화재가 확산되어 있는 상황인 것이다. 그러므로 골든타임을 감안(勘案)하여 소방대의 출동이전에 자체적으로 초기진압을 할 수 있는 방재시스템을 구축(構築)하여야 하는 것이다. 이에 소방대의 도착이전의 골든타임 이내에 자체적으로 조기진압 및 피난을 할 수 있어야 할 것이며, 다만 출동한 소방대는 인접한 건물이나, 주유소 등으로의 연소 확산(延燒 擴散)을 방지하는 역할로 개념(槪念)을 정리할 필요가 있는 것이다. 소방관련 법령 및 화재안전기준 등은 수시로 개정 발전 되어 오늘날에 이르렀다, 하지만 아직까지도 불합리하고 모순된 규정 등이 곳곳에 산재해 있다. 이에 틀에 박힌 고정관념에서 벗어나 보다 논리적이고 합리적이며 현장여건에 부합하는 선진화된 소방제도를 구축하여 화재참사로부터 국민의 생명과 재산보호는 물론 그 손실을 최소화하기 위한 선진화된 소방관련 제도로 정착시켜야 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.92-97
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• 2002

본 연구는 국내의 벼농사에 적합한 정밀 농업의 개념을 정립하고 이를 구현하기 위한 구체적인 방법을 수립하기 위하여 기초적인 연구를 수행하였다. 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 실험농장의 시험 포장을 선정하여 12m$\times$17.4m 크기로 9개의 구획을 설정하였다. 각 단위 구획에서 벼의 생육 기간 중 일정 간격으로 분얼수, 질소함량, 건물중, 엽면적, 엽록소, 군락반사율을 조사하였으며, 각 측정치 사이의 상판 관계를 조사하였다. 상관 관계는 세 방향에서 분석하였다. 첫번째는 건물중과 N%와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 건물중은 시간에 따라 증가하였으나 N%는 건물중의 증가에 의해 점점 줄어들었으며 공간적인 차이도 시간이 지날수록 줄어들었다. 둘째는 N%와 군락 반사율의 관계를 추정하였다. N%별로 군락반사율의 측정값을 비교하였으나 특정한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째는 군락반사율과 가변시비에 따른 구간별 차이를 규명하여 질소영양상태의 비파괴적인 추정방법을 설정하였다. 각 일시별로 측정한 군락반사율 측정값에 따르면, Red에 의한 질소함량 추정방법이 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서는 가변시비에 의한 벼의 생체량의 변화, 구간별 군락반사율을 조사하고 이들의 공간적, 시간적 변이의 특징을 구명하여, 군락반사율과 벼의 질소영양상태의 상관관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 군락반사율의 Red에 의한 질소추정방법이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2017

This study surveyed 506 medical students on their perception of life concept using an open-ended questionnaire. A constant comparative analysis of participants' written responses was conducted. The results revealed 3 main types and several sub-types of life concept. The main types included: humanities & sociology type, scientific type, and humanities sociology & science mixed type. The humanities & sociology type had 6 sub-types: religious values, ethical values, limited time, social characteristics, consciousness spirit soul, and mixed type. The scientific type had 4 sub-types as follows: respiration & metabolism, genetic & reproduction, homeostasis & emergent property, and mixed type. The most prevalent type was the perception that life concept, ethical values in humanities & sociology type. The understanding of the concept of life is essential to medical students' learning and improvement of professional competence. These results may suggest a meaningful direction for medical education regarding the concept of life.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2022

In the present work, we have designed to optimize the optical filter structures of the 1-dimensional photonic quasicrystals (1D PQCs) characteristic for the COVID-19 UV sterilization. The simulator using MATLAB program and ourselves manufacturing calculation codes. After making the aperiodic (and complexed) multi-layer structure model, we establish the transfer matrix method (TMM) for model by the operator conversion. By the using the MATLAB, we derive a matrix for the designed complexed multi-layer structure by applying the equations to the model by obtaining the reflectance and transmittance from the matrix. We also prove the possibility of application in optical filter for UV sterilization.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.spc
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

Sustainability is commonly recognized as one of the new paradigms or norms that will reign the new era after the modern age of revolutionary economic development. This global trend calls for the adoption of the sustainability concept to soil and groundwater management. In fact, there are several such ongoing movements in practicing soil and groundwater management. Through literature review, this paper discusses the concept, practices, and future research needs of sustainable soil and groundwater management. We first discuss the definition of sustainable soil and groundwater management and possible methodologies to gauge or improve the sustainability of soil and groundwater management. Then, we introduce the research topics, exemplary practices, and propose solutions to elaborate sustainability in three representative subfields including soil and groundwater remediation, groundwater management, and soil management. We conclude with suggestions on the future research directions for successful adoption of sustainability concept to soil and groundwater management in the Republic of Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.201-213
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• 2024

Cells first emerged 4 billion years ago and have evolved over a long period into an excellent system. Bottom-up synthetic biology is a research field that aims to develop "artificial cells" by returning to 4 billion years ago and redesigning cells from scratch. Although these artificial cells are not perfect, they are artificial cell mimicry systems that possess important characteristics of living cells. By designing the artificial cells, researchers in this field aim to explore the organization and the origins of cells from a different approach than traditional cell biology and ultimately seek to replace the use of living cells. This review aims to introduce the concepts and recent research in capsule and biocatalyst-based artificial cells, which have been actively studied recently.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2011

Food security has been a main global issue due to climate changes and growing world population expected to 9 billion by 2050. While biodiversity is becoming more highlight, breeders are confronting shortage of various genetic materials needed for new variety to tackle food shortage challenge. Though biotechnology is still under debate on potential risk to human and environment, it is considered as one of alternative tools to address food supply issue for its potential to create a number of variations in genetic resource. The new technology, phenomics, is developing to improve efficiency of crop improvement. Phenomics is concerned with the measurement of phenomes which are the physical, morphological, physiological and/or biochemical traits of organisms as they change in response to genetic mutation and environmental influences. It can be served to provide better understanding of phenotypes at whole plant. For last decades, high-throughput screening (HTS) systems have been developed to measure phenomes, rapidly and quantitatively. Imaging technology such as thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging systems is an area of HTS which has been used in agriculture. In this article, we review the current statues of high-throughput screening system in phenomics and its application for crop improvement.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.50
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• pp.295-318
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to define the 'caligraphy as a modern concept of art. For this purpose, it was necessary to exclude the elements betraying 'the caligraphy as a pure art' in reference to 'autonomy' as an indicator of modernity in order to reflect on the current topology of the caligraphy in our age. Checking the current conditions facing the caligraphy from the pre-modern, modern and post-modern perspectives will clarify the current topology of the caligraphy and further exploring 'the caligraphy as a post-modern art concept. To this end, this study defines the caligraphy 'as a pure formative art' and thereby discusses it in terms of nature and form. In terms of nature, the caligraphy should be subsumed into a spacial art, but it has a nature of a temporal art created and appreciated over time. Hence, among the spacial arts, the painting is most similar to the caligraphy, while among the temporal arts, the caligraphy is most similar to such rhythmic (of high mobility) or performing arts as music and dance. Merely, the painting does not reveal the flow of time on the canvas, while music and dance leave no residual in terms of audibility and visuality. All in all, the caligraphy is sort of 'temporal-spacial art' like dance in that the visible letters express the artist's sense of life on the plane over time like music. In terms of form, this study compares the caligraphy with engraving, wood print and character design to define the caligraphy as a pure art concept. The caligraphy as a modern art concept, namely, the autonomy of the caligraphy is associated with legibility and meaning in addition to the question whether it is an applied or a pure art. The legibility and meaning of the characters are not only the essential elements of the caligraphy but also are the factors limiting its autonomy, which must be a paradox. All in all, the legibility and meaning of the characters must be the key criteria for determining the caligraphy as a practical art or literary art or as a pure figurative art. In this context, this study discusses the caligraphy as a pure art by comparing it with the spatial art 'painting' and the temporal art 'music.' It might be impossible to define the caligraphy or a genre of art as an autonomous art of self-perfection and categorical identity. Moreover, any attempt to define the caligraphy would fail to interpret the caligraphy appropriately. Merely, we are obliged to position the caligraphy in the process of localizing 'their modernity' and thereby, discuss how to respond to their scheme.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

1. Objects of Research Dong-mu Lee Je-ma was tried to solve the diseases of human beings through Sasang Constitutional Medicine with new viewpoints on human beings and life compared with the existed medicine. So it was very important to understand his medical views in order to apply Sasang Constitutional Medicine in clinical treatment. In this paper, I tried to find his medical views on human beings, life, and diseases to get informations in clinical application. 2. Methods of Research It was researched as bibliologically with his writings such as "Dongyi Soose Bowon(東醫壽世保元)", "Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", "Dongmu Yugo(東武遺稿)", "Gyuk-chigo(格致藁)". 3. Results and Conclusions The conclusions were as follows. 1. "I Ching"'s recognition of Things is that based on Yin-yang theory, originated from Taoism, and aimed to 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness(易簡之妙)'. On the other hand, Dong-mu's is that based on Sasang theory, originated from Confucianism and designed to developed 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in view of Sasang(四象). 2. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma had devoted himself in his whole life to establishing new paradigm in the Confucianism, inventing new medicine and, furthermore, embodying the spirit of General health maintenance. 3. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma recognized 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in view of Sasang and offered new viewpoint of human being through summarizing various existing viewpoints. 4. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma established new viewpoint of life span of human being through offering new ideas such as 'Inherent vitality(命脈實數)', 'Essential power of organ(臟의 本常之氣)' and 'Regimen in ordinary life(生息允補之道)'. 5. Dong-mu Lee Je-ma embodied 'the Fine point of Easiness and Simpleness' in medicine through offering, in a wide meaning, the spirit of the General health maintenance and the spirit of the Positive medical treatment.