• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생리적 가중

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Study on Physiological Summation in Peripheral Retina for Eccentric Viewing Training (중심외주시 훈련용 주변부 망막의 생리적 가중에 관한 연구)

  • Seo, Jae-Myoung;Lee, Ki-Young
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.489-493
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This study was to investigate peripheral vision and provide people with macular degeneration with a guideline for eccentric viewing training. Methods: 30 adult subjects with normal vision took part in this study. The lateral area of $20^{\circ}$ eccentricity from the fovea of right eye was only used to measure the physiological summation. The target was sinusoidal vertical gratings within a circular aperture. The critical points in spatial and temporal summation was found to compare each other for 0.7 cpd and 3.0 cpd, respectively. Results: Critical duration and contrast sensitivity for 0.7 cpd were 540 ms and 1.1, and 315 ms and 0.98 for 3.0 cpd respectively. The critical degrees and contrast sensitivity for 0.7 cpd were $11.3^{\circ}$ and 2.8, and $5^{\circ}$ and 2.63 for 3.0 cpd respectively. Conclusions: The critical point in peripheral vision reaches relatively faster than the one in central vision. It is recommended to train the peripheral retina under the lower spatial frequency more frequently for a short time than constantly for a long time.

Efficient way to input text through eye gazing method. (시선입력 인터페이스 시스템의 효율적 문자입력 방법)

  • Kwon, O-Jae
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.20 no.3 s.71
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    • pp.289-298
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    • 2007
  • The EGI system is a new communication method in limelight for helping disabled users to input and handle information on the computer more easily. However, due to the EGI system's "JEM(Jittery Eye Movements)" generation, it actually increases heavy psychological and physiological stresses for the user to input or perceive the target information on a machine. This study illustrates how to resolve this "JEM" issue and suggests a method that is easy and simple to be controled by anyone. A demo tool was built and tested to find and prove the reasons for "JEM" This test shows that that the case with snap up is less stressful than without to input text as a final result of the test evaluation in both psychological snap up and physiological brain wave test. Postnatal or naturally acquired, it is found that the disabled can have opportunities for smoother communication, and a possible efficient system development for better communication.

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Influence of Pore Structures and Surface Functional Groups of Activated Carbons on Adsorption Behaviors of Cr(VI) (활성탄소의 기공구조 및 표면관능기가 크롬(VI)의 흡착거동에 미치는 영향)

  • 정우영;박병기;박수진
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.421-424
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    • 2002
  • 산업이 고도로 발달되고 공업화로 인한 자원 및 에너지의 무분별한 사용으로 산업전반에 걸쳐 배출되는 폐수 중에는 다양한 종류의 중금속 등이 포함되어 있어 사회적인 문제가 되고 있다. 특히, 환경을 고려하지 않은 화학물질의 남용은 폐수에 의한 수질의 중금속 오염을 가중시켜 왔으며, 이러한 중금속 중 크롬은 인간의 생리활성에 영향을 미치고 먹이사슬에 따라 축적되어 궁극적으로는 인간에게 질병을 유발시키는 중금속 중에 하나로서 국제사회로부터 커다란 관심을 불러 일으키고 있다[1]. (중략)

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송대(宋代) 부인과(婦人科) 질병인식(疾病認識) 및 병인병기(病因病機)에 대한 연구(硏究)

  • Jang, Yong-Hun;Choe, Hwan-Su;Kim, Yong-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.61-82
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    • 2005
  • 통과술내용적연구득출이하결논(通過上述內容的硏究得出以下結論) 1. 송대의학적특점시유료흔다일계열신적지식, 갱가중시료대리논적정리(更加重視了對理論的整理), 대당시모종병적각종병인병기적인식진행통일귀납(對當時某種病的各種病因病機的認識進行統一歸納), 병통과분석총결병인병기게시료전형증상급주요치법(幷通過分析總結病因病機揭示了典型症狀及主要治法). 2. 송대의가재연구부여생리기적기혈병기적특수성방면다중시혈(宋代醫家在硏究婦女生理期的氣血病機的特殊性方面多重視血), 재임신병중중시기기옹새(在姙娠病中重視氣機壅塞), 재산후병중중시악혈부진(在産後病中重視惡血不盡). 3. 도료송대(到了宋代), 재연구부과병병인방면(在硏究婦科病病因方面), 종이전적중시외인전위중시내인(從以前的重視外因轉爲重視內因), 이차폐기료종전적귀신적병인(而且廢棄了從前的鬼神的病因), 재방실병인상강조료요적당(在房室病因上强調了要適當). 재진단상(在診斷上), 수봉건예교적영향(受封建禮敎的影響), 이결합병기적전형적증상위표준(以結合病機的典型的症狀爲標準).

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Comparison of Weighted Needle Pinprick Sensory Thresholds and Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies in Diabetic Patients (당뇨병 환자에서의 가중침자 감각역치와 감각신경 전도검사와의 비교)

  • Ryoo, Jae-Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.929-941
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted to determine the association between weighted needle pinprick sensory threshold(PPT) and sensory nerve conduction studies. The subjects were 53 healthy controls, 31 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DM) and 36 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DN). PPT was measured on the index and little fingers, bilaterally, as well as under the lateral malleolus, bilaterally. In electrophysiologic assessment the left and right median, ulnar and sural nerves were studied. Mean PPT in DN, DM and controls was high in turn on each sites tested. Age controlled PPT was significantly different among three groups on right little finger(p<0.05) and left malleolus(p<0.05), but on other sites, not statistically significantly different between DN and DM. The results were as follows: Sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude on each nerve tested were statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Correlation of PPT with sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were statistically significant on each site and ranged from -0.4203(left malleolus) to -0.5649(right index finger) and from -0.3897(left index finger) to -0.6200(right index finger), respectively. When electrophysiological study is not feasible, measurement of PPT may be helpful for the assessment of peripheral sensory neurological function.

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Comparison of Weighted Needle Pinprick Sensory Thresholds and Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies in Diabetic Patients (당뇨병(糖尿病) 환자(患者)에서의 가중침자(加重針刺) 감각역치와 감각신경(感覺神經) 전도검사(傳導檢査)와의 비교(比較))

  • Yoo, Jae-Kwan;Kim, Seong-Ah;Lee, Jong-Young
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.28 no.4 s.51
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    • pp.899-910
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to determine the correlation between weighted needle pinprick sensory threshold(PPT) and sensory nerve conduction tests. The subjects were 53 healthy controls, 31 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DM) and 36 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DN). PPT was measured on the index and little fingers, bilaterally, as well as under the lateral malleolus, bilaterally. In electrophysiologic assessment the left and right median, ulnar and sural nerves were studied. Each mean PPTs was high in order of controls, DM and DN. Age adjusted PPT was significantly different among three groups on right little finger(p<0.05) and left malleolus(p<0.05), but not significantly different between DN and DM on other sites. Each sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude was statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Correlations of PPT with sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were statistically significant on each site and ranged from -0.4203(left malleolus) to -0.5649(right index finger) and from -0.3897(left index finger) to -0.6200(right index finger), respectively. When electrophysiological study is not feasible, measurement of PPT may be helpful for the assessment of peripheral sensory neurological function.

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외상 후 스트레스 장애의 평가

  • Kim Jeong-Beom
    • 대한불안의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.06a
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    • pp.185-213
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    • 2004
  • 우리는 살아가면서 흔히 개인적으로 극심한 스트레스를 겪거나 불행히도 어떤 뜻밖의 재난이나 큰 사고를 경험할 수 있다. 이런 외상적 사건들을 겪고 대부분의 사람들은 잘 극복할 수 있으나 일부 사람들은 심각한 의상 후 스트레스 반응을 보여 그런 외상이 지나감에도 불구하고 괴로운 기억 속에서 그것을 회상시키는 활동과 상황을 피하며 늘 불안한 마음으로 몸은 현재에 살고 있지만 마음은 실상 과거에 매달려 있고 과거의 고통 속에서 헤어 나오지 못하고 있다. 외상 후 스트레스 장애는 다른 불안 장애, 우울증처럼 흔한 질환으로 사회생활에 큰 지장을 주며 삶의 질을 손상시킨다. 그렇지만 외상을 당한 당사자들이 이런 이야기를 하기 꺼려하고, 이런 사람들을 진료실에서 종종 만날 수 있는 임상가들도 외상의 심각성과 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 인식이 부족하여, 우리 주위에 많은 사람이 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 고생하고 있지만 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 진단되는 경우가 실제보다 훨씬 적다. 따라서 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 평가를 배움으로써 더 많은 환자들을 정확히 진단하며 다른 질환과의 감별을 쉽게 할 수 있고, 환자들의 고통과 어려움이 과연 무엇인지 잘 알 수 있으며, 치료 표적과 치료 전략을 정하고, 치료 계획을 세우는 데 도움을 얻을 수 있다. 평가 방법으로는 구조화된 면담, 평가 척도, 정신 생리적 측정법, 치료자의 임상적인 결정 등이 있다. 향후에는 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 증상 정도뿐만 아니라 일상생활, 사회적 관계, 직업적, 사회적 적응 및 기능에 미치는 영향도 같이 평가하는 도구들이 개발되고, 현재 개발된 많은 평가 척도들이 새로이 수정되고 표준화되어, 이런 평가 척도들을 통해 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 경과와 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 인한 정신 사회적 영향을 더 잘 알 수 있는 자료들이 많이 수집되길 바란다. 대칭이, 작은대칭이, 펄조개는 저질이 니질인 곳에서 주로 서식하고 있었고 귀이빨대칭이는 사니질과 사질에 주로 서식하고 있었다. 특히 삽교호 수계 채집된 귀이빨대칭이는 사니질과 사질의 저질에서 출현하였다.및 내장낭 조직들이 중요한 에너지 저장소이며, 영양 공급 기관임을 알 수 있었으며, 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직들의 영양물질 함량 변화는 생식소의 에너지 요구에 따라 변하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.. 따른 신장 기능에 대한 영향을 평가해 보아야 한다.하를 조사한 결과, 연간 진동해역으로 유입되는 오염부하량은 부유물질 기준으로 전체 37,316 ton/yr로 추정되었고, 이중 육지기원 부하량이 9,809 ton/yr (26.3%) 였고, 해역의 침강량 23,576 ton/yr (63.2%), 양식생물의 배설량이 3,932 ton/yr (10.5%) 로 대부분이 해역의 침강량에 의한 것으로 조사되었다. 육지오염부하량이 변동이 없다는 전제 조건 아래, 진동만의 피조개 채묘장을 미더덕 양식장으로 품종전환시킬 경우, 전체 부하량은 산술적으로 약 196%가 증가한 72,998 ton/yr 가 되고, 양식생물의 배설량은 10배 정도 증가하게 되어 진동만의 오염부하를 가중하게 된다. 진동만은 여름철 빈산소수괴 및 적조가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으므로 미더덕 양식장을 새로이 시설할 경우 오염부하가 가중될 것으로 판단되어, 앞으로 진동만의 양식장 수용능력을 파악하여 적정량의 양식물량이 시설되어야 할 것이다.25 psu에서 가장 높게 나타났다.인 단백뇨는 진행성 경과의 위험성을 동시에 암시해 주는 매우 유용한 지표이다. 본 연구 결과 학교 신체 검사상에서 발견된 단독 단백뇨의 주된 원인은 기립성 단백뇨로 81.8%를 차지하였다. 그러나 지속성 단백뇨의 경우 비록 9.1%의 빈도를 보였지만, 신장 조직검사를 시행한 결과 진행성 경과를 취할 수 있는

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Change of Contrast Sensitivity in Peripheral Vision Following Eccentric Viewing Training (중심외주시 훈련 후 주변시야에서의 대비감도 변화)

  • Seo, Jae-Myoung;Lee, Ki-Young;Lim, Yong-Moo
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: This study was to investigate the functional improvement in peripheral vision following eccentric viewing training. Methods: 14 subjects with normal vision took a part with their right eye, peripheral retinal which is $20^{\circ}$ lateral area from the fovea was examined for contrast sensitivity(CS). Eccentric viewing training was performed for 21days with an hour image viewing and examination was repeated. Results: The critical durations for 0.7 cpd were increased 2.67(467 ms) for pre-eccentric viewing training to 2.79(616 ms) for post-eccentric viewing training (p>0.05). The critical durations for 3.0 cpd were also increased 2.53(341 ms) for pre-eccentric viewing training to 3.04(1102 ms) for post-eccentric viewing training (p>0.05). Conclusions: It is recommended to use higher spatial frequency with higher CS for eccentric viewing training and to train more frequently for a short time. Moreover, the study on Korean standardizing of the visual rehabilitation for low vision based on the etiology is sorely required.

Acid Rain and Airborne Pollutants Effects on the Needle of Some Conifer Species - A Case Study of Injured Index and Contact Angle - (산성우 및 대기오염물질이 몇 침엽수종 잎에 미치는 영향 - 피해도지수와 접촉각 중심으로 -)

  • 송근준;최영철;이경재
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.76-86
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    • 1996
  • We studied the degree of damage of trees which have been chronically damaged by environmental pollutants and the area of damaged stands in each region of the middle part of Korea with three tree species - Picea abies, Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora. So as to diagnose the degree of tree damage in an early stage, We investigated injury index and measured contact angle and finally got the following results; 1) Visible and physiological damage such as the increase of injury index and the decrease of contact angle was serious centering around metropolitan cities live Seoul and Inchon; 2) The trees of all of 14 sites surveyed were damaged by environmental pollutants although there was difference to some extent among sites. Especially, the degree of damage appeared to be increased gradually in the western parts along including Inchon, the seacoasts. In fact, more systematic studies for this issue should be continued in other regions and countermeasures should be devised.

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Effect of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) on the Characteristics of Photosynthetic Apparatus, Stomatal Conductance, and Fluorescence Image of the Leaves of Cornus kousa (염화칼슘 처리가 산딸나무 잎의 광합성 기구, 기공전도도 및 형광이미지 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Sung, Joo-Han;Je, Sun-Mi;Kim, Sun-Hee;Kim, Young-Kul
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2009
  • Deicing salt is used to melt snow and ice on the road for traffic safety during the winter season, which accumulates in the roadside vegetation and induces visible injuries. The damage may accelerate particularly when it coincides with early spring leaf out. In order to better understand the response mechanisms, C. kousa (3-year-old) was irrigated twice prior to leaf bud in a rhizosphere with solutions of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) concentration, that were made by using an industrial $CaCl_2$ reagent practical deicing material in Seoul. Physiological traits of the mature leaves were progressively reduced by $CaCl_2$ treatment, resulting in reductions of total chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a:b, photosynthetic rate, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, $F_V/F_M$, and NPQ. On the contrary, light compensation point and dark respiration were increased at high $CaCl_2$ concentration. A decrease in intercellular $CO_2$ concentration by stomatal closure first resulted in a reduced photosynthetic rate and then was accompanied by low substance metabolic rates and photochemical damage. Based on the reduction of physiological activities at all treatments ($CaCl_2$ 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0%), C. kousa was determined as one of the sensitive species to $CaCl_2$.