• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.489-493
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• 1999

The pectus carinatum or anterior protrusion of the sternum is a less common than pectus excavatum. It occurs more frequently in boys than girls and associated musculoskeletal abnormalities, spinal scoliosis is most common. Ravitch first reported correction of chondromanubrial prominence in 1952, resecting the multiple deformed costal cartilages and performing a double osteotomy on sternum. We have experienced one case of pectus carinatum and obtained satisfactory postoperative results. The deformity was corrected by the subchondral resection of multiple deformed costal cartilage, bilaterally, with single osteotomy on sternum and fracture of the posterior cortex to correct anterior angulation. Postoperative course was uneventful. We report this case with brief review of the literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.742-746
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• 2008

Background: The surgical treatment of pectus carinatum is usually a modified Ravitch operation that consists of complete costal cartilage resection and sternal wedge osteotomy. We tried a simple and easy technique that is resection of only deformed, protruded costal cartilage and pre-sternal compression with using a stainless steel bar and this is done without sternal osteotomy. Therefore, we performed partial cartilage resection and pre-sternal compression with a stainless steel bar and we observed the effects and the efficiency of treatment. Material and Method: From July, 2006 to June, 2008, 10 patients with pectus carinatum underwent our modified technique of pectus carinatum surgery. The effects of surgery and the complications were reviewed. Result: 5 patients with only pectus carinatum underwent our modified technique of pectus carinatum surgery. 5 patients with pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum underwent our modified technique of pectus carinatum surgery and Nuss surgery. The mean patient age was 13.4+3.3 years old. The mean operation time was 137.6+22.9 minutes for the pectus carinatum patients and 234.0+36.5 minutes for the pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum patients. The mean length of hospitalization was 11.8+1.0 days. The Haller pectus index of pectus carinatum was $2.10{\pm}0.21$ preoperatively and this was increased to $2.53{\pm}0.07$ postoperatively. The only complication was simple partial wound disruption in 1 patient. Conclusion: We performed partial cartilage resection and pre-sternal compression with a stainless steel bar in 10 patients with pectus carinatum and its effects were good. Our modified technique of pectus carinatum is easy and simple as compared with the Ravitch operation. But removal of the stainless steel bar has not yet been performed for these patients and long-term follow up is needed to accurately evaluate the. effects of this surgery in many surgical cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.5 s.274
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• pp.369-375
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• 2007

Background: Patients suffering with pectus carinatum complain of cosmetic problems when they stand and this in spite of wearing cloths. The standard surgical treatment of pectus carinatum is resection of the deformed cartilages, but the wide operative scar, post-operative pain and complications related with such an operation can occur. Therefore, we have peformed compressive brace therapy as a non-operative treatment for pectus carinatum and we observed the effects and the efficiency of this treatment. Material and Method: From January, 2001 to December, 2006, 109 patients wore the compressive brace for all day. The degree of satisfaction was evaluated after $6\sim9$ months of wearing the compressive brace. The degree of satisfaction was evaluated by a score of from $1\sim4$. A score of 1 was assigned when the status was worse, 2 when it was the same, 3 when there was partial improvement and 4 when remarkable improvement was observed. The degree of satisfaction was assessed subjectively by the parent if the patient was a child younger than middle school age, and the patients older than middle school age assessed the score themselves. Result: The mean score of the overall degree of satisfaction was $3.93{\pm}0.33$. Recurrence of pectus carinatum after removal of compressive brace occurred in 6 patients (5.5%) of the total 109 patients. But 4 patients of the total 6 recurred patients stopped wearing of compressive brace against our advice. The 6 recurred patients were re-corrected by re-wearing the compressive brace within 3 months after they originally removed the compressive brace. The complications were discomfort with initially wearing the compressive brace, which occurred in all patients, skin rash due to the compressive brace for 76 patients (69.7%) and skin discolorization with excessive compression for f6 patients (5.5%). The skin rash and discolorization returned to normal within a few months after removal of the compressive brace. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that non-surgical treatment with using the compressive brace for patients with pectus carinatum was effective, and especially for children and teenagers. Non-surgical treatment with using a compressive brace would be helpful for the patients suffering with pectus carinatum and who dislike surgical operations because of their fear about general anesthesia and operation-related complications. Yet long-term follow up is necessary to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of this compressive brace and the recurrences after removal of the compressive brace.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2000

The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute acquired the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory phantom for calibration of germanium detectors used for in vivo measurement of radionuclides deposited in human lungs. The manufacturer inscribed concentric circles as a phoswich detector positioning guides on the phantom's torso plate and its overlay plates, and provided the effective thickness of the chest wall for each plate measured at locations over the circles. However, since the germanium detectors are of different sizes, the areas considered for phoswich detectors were no. longer applicable for the locations of the germanium detectors on the phantom. Therefore, we re-evaluated the effective thickness of the phantom to determine if the manufacturer' s data are valid for germanium detectors in use for in vivo lung counting or if new values must be implemented. Differences no more than 3% in effective thickness were found between the germanium detector regions to be used at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and the phoswich detector regions prescribed by the manufacturer.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2010

40년만에 세계 최고에 오른 원전(原電) 기술력', '우리 기술과 정상 외교 기량이 만나 일군 47조 원전 수출', 'UAE 원전 수주, 원자력사(史) 새로 썼다. 미래 세대 먹여 살릴 녹색 성장 동력 되기를', '원전 추가 수출 지원 대책 꼼꼼히 짜야', '사상 첫 원전 수출 $\cdots$ 국가적 경사다', '5% 기술 장벽도 념어 아부다비 감동 이어가자', 'UAE로부터의 낭보' '신(新)중동특수(特需) 일자리로 연결시켜야', '한국 원전(原電) 역사에 신기원을 이루다', 'UAE 원전 수주 향한 이(李)대통령의 '녹색 외교', 1조달러 원전 블루오션$\cdots$ 'UAE 개가' 이어나가야, '가슴 뿌듯한 한국형 원전 첫 수출 개가'$\cdots$. 한전 컨소시엄의 UAE 원전 수주가 확정된 이후 나온 국내 주요 중앙 일간지들의 사설 제목이다. 거의 한결같이 이번 UAE 원전 수주에 대해 축하와 격려를 보냈다. 이번 UAE 원전 수출 성사에 대한 중앙 언론의 시각과 주문을 사설을 통해 들어보고 외신보도도 살펴 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

This study was conducted to reproduce the four-piece bodice pattern of a ladies' costume of the 1890's for Korean women in their twenties with a standard body type and average size. Eighteen four-piece bodice patterns of the ladies' costume of the 1890's were collected and drawn to actual size. The front width of the bodice was wider than the back width. The front bust line of the bodice was wider than the sum of the back bust line, the side back bust line and the under-arm gore bust line. The front waist line of the bodice was wider than the sum of the back waist line, the side back waist line and the under-arm gore waist line. The angles of the two waist darts of the bodice were very big but the legs of the dart were too short. The center front line of the bodice was oblique and curved. The angle of the back shoulder line of the bodice was bigger than the angle of front shoulder line. The shoulder seam line of the bodice was not placed on the top of the shoulder but behind the shoulder. The pattern characteristics of the bodice created a woman's silhouette that emphasized the volume of the bust, a chicken breast and a slim waist. The study pattern which had the characteristics of the four-piece bodice of the 1890's was designed like for Korean women in their twenties who have a standard body type and an average size through modifications based on the evaluation of two dressing occasions. The study pattern was evaluated to have the silhouette of the 1890's and to fit Korean women.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.201-204
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• 2000

사물놀이 소리는 천지인의 삼재사상에 근본하는 우리 문화의 정신적 근간들이 생생히 살아 숨쉬는 음악이다. 꽹과리 소리는 하늘의 소리이고, 북소리는 땅의 소리를 나타내고, 여기에 보태어지는 사람의 목소리는 하늘과 땅을 수직으로 이어주는 인성이다. 그리고, 사물놀이 소리는 긴장과 이완, 음양의 원리를 독특하게 지니고 있다. 느린 장단에서 빠른 장단으로 이행되는 점층적 전개 위에서 긴장과 이완의 원리가 날줄과 씨줄로 교직 되어 이끌어 간다. 또한 소리의 음양 조화 측면에서 살펴보면 금속성악기와 가죽악기, 날카로운 소리와 부드러운 소리, 잘게 쪼개어지는 소리와 크게 뭉치는 소리 등이 나타난다. 따라서 세계인들이 "사물놀이는 신을 부르는 소리"라고 극찬하고 있다[1]-[3]. 사물놀이 소리를 들었을 때 그 가락에 쉽게 도취도는 것은, 4가지 악기가 서로 다른 소리의 높낱이 색깔특성에 의해 소리의 음양 조화를 이루고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 우리가 귀로 느낄 수 있는 소리의 범위를 완전히 커버하고 있다는 사실을 우리는 처음으로 밝혀내었다. 즉, 소리를 빛깔로 나타낸다면, 북은 빨강, 징은 노랑, 장구는 초록, 꽹과리는 보라 빛을 의미하며, 이들 색깔은 각자의 아름다움을 특징적으로 나타내고 있다. 그리고, 징과 장구 소리를 들었을 때 다시 한번더 듣고 싶은 친근감을 느끼게 되는데, 그 원인으로는 징소리와 장구의 기본 진동수가 사람의 남녀 목소리 기본진동수와 각각 근접하기 때문에 우리의 가슴과 일치를 이루게 된다는 사실도 이번에 밝혀 내었다. 즉, 징소리와 장구소리를 들으면 사람의 목소리로 응답하는 듯한 친근함과 정다움을 느끼게 된다. 또한 인간은 소리를 귀로만 느끼지 않고 피부를 통해 진동으로도 느끼게 되는데, 사물놀이에서 북, 징, 장구는 그러한 특성이 두드러지게 나타난다. 결론적으로 우리 민족의 지혜와 숨결이 스며있는 사물놀이 소리의 특성과 그 신비를 객관적으로 규명함으로서 사물놀이 소리의 우수성을 입증하과, 문화민족의 자부심으로 새천년을 개척해 나아가는 원동력을 얻고자한다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2016

A taxonomic study of Korean Berosus Leach is presented. Four species [Berosus (Berosus) japonicus Sharp, Berosus (Berosus) punctipennis Harold, Berosus (Enoplurus) lewisius Sharp, and Berosus (Enoplurus) spinosus (Steven)] in two subgenera are recognized, one of which [B. (E.) spinosus] is reported for the first time in Korea. We also found that B. (B.) puchellus MacLeay previously recorded in Korea was an incorrect identification of B. (E.) lewisius Sharp. Habitus and SEM photographs, key and diagnoses of the known species are provided.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.3 s.107
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• pp.179-187
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• 2002

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of attitudinal bird communities in Mt. Seoraksan National Park from May to Oct. 2004. Marsh tit Parus palustris, Arctic warbler Phylloscipus borealis, coal tit Parus ater and Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea evenly distributed in almost elevational ranges. Goshawk Accipiter gentilis, black grouse Tetrao tetrix, white-lumped swift Apus pacificus, Siberian rubythroat Luscinia calliope, red-flanked bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus, dusky warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus, yellow-browned warbler Phylloscopus inornatus, siskin Carduelis spinus and rook Corvus frugilegus were only observed in high altitude area. Distribution pattern of birds in Mt. Seoraksan National Park showed differences by elevation. There was difference in attitudinal distribution pattern of birds in Mt. Seoraksan National Park. It seems that habitat preference or selection is different in each species. Attitudinal habitat preference of each bird species need further studies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2002

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of attitudinal bled communities in Mt. Seoraksan National Park from May to Oct. 2001. Marsh tit Parus palustris, Arctic warbler Phylloscipus borealis, coal tit Parus ater and Eurasian nuthatchh Sitta europaea evenly distributed in almost elevational ranges. Goshawk Accipiter gentilis, black grouse Tetrao tetrix, white-rumped swift Apus pacificus, Siberian rubythroat Luscinia calliope, red-flanked bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus, dusky warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus, yellow-browned warbler Phylloscopus inomatus, siskin Carduelis spinus and rook Corvus frugilegus were only observed in high altitude area. Distribution pattern of birds in Mt. Seoraksan National Park showed differences by elevation. There was difference in altitudinal distribution pattern of birds in Mt. Seoraksan National Park. It seems that habitat preference or selection is different in each species. Altitudinal habitat preference of each bird species need further studies.