• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.518-525
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• 2007

컴퓨터와 사용자와의 효과적인 정서적 상호작용의 도구로서 의인화된 형태의 인터페이스 에이전트의 정서 표현에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 기존의 연구는 의인화된 인터페이스 에이전트가 어떤 정서를 표현하는가에 초점을 두고 있다. 그러나 인간과의 원활한 정서적 상호작용에 영향을 미치는 것은 어떤 정서인가의 문제만이 아니다. 인간은 타인의 상황과 정서에 공감하는 방식으로 정서를 표현하는 상대를 더 긍정적으로 평가한다. 또한 공감하는 방식의 정서 표현은 사회적으로 적용되는 성별 고정관념에 따라 여성적 속성으로 분류된다. 따라서 공감하는 방식의 정서 표현이라 하더라도 표현의 주체가 남성이냐 여성이냐에 따라 상대방의 인식이 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 인간간의 사회적 관계에서 일어나는 공감적인 정서 표현과 표현하는 주체의 성별의 효과가 인간-인터페이스 에이전트간의 상호작용에서도 나타나는지를 검증하기 위하여 참가자와 인터페이스 에이전트가 함께 게임에 참여하는 과제를 실시하고 인터페이스 에이전트의 성별, 참가자의 성별, 얼굴 표정과 말을 통한 정서 표현의 공감 여부(타인의 상황에 공감하는 정서 표현 - 자신의 상황에 대한 정서 표현), 정서 표현 여부(얼굴 표정과 말로 정서를 표현 - 정서가 배제된 무표정과 말)에 따라 인터페이스 에이전트에 대해 참가자가 지각한 배려, 호감, 신뢰, 지능, 지배, 순종이 어떻게 다른지를 측정하는 실험을 실시했다. 그 결과, 타인의 상황과 정서에 공감하는 방식으로 정서를 표현하는 에이전트의 배려, 지능, 순종적 성향을 높게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 남성 에이전트의 경우, 정서를 표현하거나 정서가 배제된 표현을 하는 조건에 관계없이 참가자가 지각하는 배려와 호감의 차이가 없었으나, 여성 에이전트의 경우 정서를 표현하는 조건에서 배려와 호감이 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 반대로 참가자가 인터페이스 에이전트에 대해 갖는 신뢰에 대해서 여성 에이전트의 경우, 정서를 표현하거나 정서가 배제된 표현을 하는 조건에 관계없이 참가자가 느끼는 신뢰의 차이가 없었으나 남성 에이전트의 경우, 정서가 배제된 표현을 하는 에이전트에게 더 높은 신뢰를 보였다. 또한 남성 참가자에 비해 여성 참가자가 에이전트의 배려, 호감, 지능, 순종을 높게 평가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 사용자와 인터페이스 에이전트 간의 원활한 정서적 상호작용을 위해서는 어떤 정서를 표현할 것인지 뿐만 아니라 누구에 대한 정서를 어떻게 표현하는지, 정서를 표현하는 에이전트가 남성인지 여성인지, 에이전트와 상호작용하는 사용자가 남성인지, 여성인지를 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.97-120
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• 2015

This study examined the role and relationship among cognitive response(attractiveness, familiarity, actual self-congruence, ideal self-congruence and sympathy) factors, emotional response(empathy, flow, affection) factors, identification mediating between cognitive and emotional response, and interactivity. Hypotheses based on literature reviews were analyzed and according to the results, all of hypotheses except two hypotheses were supported. Firstly, the results revealed that except characteristic attractiveness and actual self-congruence, story attractiveness, characteristic familiarity, story familiarity, and ideal self-congruence influenced on sympathy positively. Secondly, this study examined the role and relationship between identification mediating between cognitive and emotional response and interactivity. As a result, identification and interactivity mediated with sympathy and empathy had positive effects. Finally, in respect of emotional responses empathy, flow, and affection had positive effects.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.49-62
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• 2015

This study investigates the interactive effects of guilt appeal level and empathic disposition (personal distress/empathic concern) on responses over the international relief messages. Guilt appeal level refers to the high or low degree of a message eliciting guilty feeling from the recipient. Empathic disposition is defined as personal tendency to assimilate and concern about the experience of others and we used two sub-dimensions, empathic concern and personal distress. The experiment was composed of two steps. At the first step, the participants rated the personal disposition measures and at the second step, they were shown one of the relief messages with different guilt level. Thus, the whole experiment was guilt appeal level ${\times}$ personal traits factorial design on guilty feeling, attitudes and behavioral intention. The results showed that guilt appeal level interacted with the personal distress disposition on the responses. The interaction was induced mainly from the differences of personal distress in the condition of high guilt appeal. High empathic concern individuals showed more favorable attitudes and behavioral intention regardless of the appeal conditions compared to low empathic concern individuals.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.145-154
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in advertising effect of visual rhetoric type of Facebook ads depending on the user sensitivity and level of empathy. The experiment was designed as a between-subjects factorial design (visual rhetoric type) × 2 (brand sensitivity) × 2 (level of empathic understanding). The results of the experiment performed to analyze the strategies of Facebook ads for ads effectiveness can be summarized as follows: a three-way interaction effect for persuasive effects was found among the type of visual rhetoric, brand sensitivity, and empathic understanding for both types of visual rhetoric. Breaking down it by type of rhetoric, no interacting effect was observed between brand sensitivity and empathic understanding levels for the visual simile ads in most of the dependent variables. For the visual metaphor ads, however, the brand sensitivity and empathic understanding levels were found to have interaction effect in all dependent variables.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to verify whether the Interactive Cinematherapy Course developed based on discussion is still effective for emotional intelligence and empathic ability, even in a college lecture environment where courses are given online due to COVID-19. The subjects were enrolled in the Interactive Cinematherapy Course and experienced either an online (N=139) or offline (N=212) course before and after COVID-19. To the offline course, students were given structural questions and conducted discussions, whereas the online course students were given feedback via e-mail to substitute discussion. The results were as follows. Compared to the offline courses, students in both online/offline courses commonly showed an increase in "Other's emotion appraisal", "Cognitive Empathy", "Perspective taking", "Fantasy", and "Emphatic Concern". The online course students showed an increase in the "Use of emotion", while offline course students showed an increase in "Self emotion appraisal". This shows that online and offline courses do not have a significant difference in effects. In qualitative research, the lecturer's communication ability and concern helped enhance the effectiveness of the Interactive Cinematherapy Course given online. This implies that communication between the lecturer and students and role of the lecturer are more important than the online environment.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.349-366
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• 2012

The importance of helping behavior in our society has been increasing and this study aimed to find the practical strategies to increase helping behaviors with minorities and general public in our communities. Participants(N=156) were randomly assigned to respond to a scenario which measured the intention to help either foreign workers or general public. Also, participants were given the scale of fairness and empathy to respond. The findings of this study demonstrated that (1) empathy and fairness had main effect of the intention to help other persons and empathy and different targets in the unfair perception had interactional effect; (2) the intention to help foreign workers was positively related to fairness and the intention to help general public was affected by empathy. The results showed that according to the perceived unfairness in helping behavior situations, the role of fairness which empathy did not explain was founded. These findings suggest that empathy and fairness in helping behavior are complementary to each other.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.312-318
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• 2023

본 연구는 다양한 대규모 언어 모델들의 한국어/영어 공감 대화 생성에서 성능을 실험적으로 비교 분석하는 것과 개인의 성향과 공감 사이에서의 상관 관계를 실험적으로 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해, 한국어 공감 대화 데이터셋인 KorEmpatheticDialogues 를 구축하였고, personality-aware prompting 방법을 제안한다. 실험을 통해, 총 18개의 언어 모델들 간의 공감 대화 생성 성능을 비교 분석하였고, 개인의 성향에 맞춤형 제공하는 공감이 더 상호작용을 이끌어낼 수 있다는 점을 보여준다. 코드와 데이터셋은 게재가 허용되면 공개할 예정이다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.56
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• pp.156-174
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• 2011

Empathic concern is a major psychological factor which activates motives for help. This study investigates how the impact of empathic concern, as a personal trait, and the interaction with positive/negative framing influences responses towards help campaigns. Experiments with 176 subjects were conducted and the data were analyzed focusing on the role of anticipated emotions(satisfaction and guilt). The results were that people high in empathic concern showed larger anticipated satisfaction and behavioral intention compared to people low. The main effect was weak for anticipated guilt. Evidence suggests that anticipated satisfaction mediate the influence of the interaction of empathic concern and framing on behavioral intention. Anticipated guilt did not appear to act as an mediating variable. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.109-115
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify influences of a cinema psychotherapy class containing a discussion on improving the emotional intelligence and empathic ability of university students. The research subjects were divided into a test group and a control group, with 106 students in each group. For a semester, the test group attended a practice-centered course including cinema psychotherapy, while the control group attended a discussion on personality psychology theory. The test group was shown 6 films in 12 weeks and answered structural questions between the researcher and subjects, and nonstructural questions between subjects. The results were as follows: The test group showed significant increases in self and other emotion appraisals in the emotional intelligence field. On the other hand, there was no significant change in emotional intelligence among the control group. With respect to empathic ability, the test group showed a significant increase in cognitive empathy, perspective taking, fantasy, and emphatic concern, while the control group didn't show significant change in empathic ability. In post-test, the test group demonstrated a significantly higher ability in cognitive empathy and perspective taking compared to the control group. This study verified that an interactive cinema psychotherapy class can increase emotional intelligence and emphatic ability. This study also demonstrated the effectiveness and necessity of a cinema psychotherapy class. As the class improves, more factors of emotional intelligence and empathic ability can be addressed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.113-115
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• 1999

인터넷에서 제공하는 각종 서비스 및 다양한 소프트웨어들은 점차 사용자를 고려하여 개발되고 있는 추세이나 아직은 미약하다. 사용자를 고려한다는 것은 사용자가 소프트웨어를 사용하거나 서비스를 받으면서 공감을 느끼도록 하여 사용 효과를 높이고, 생활의 일부분이 되어 가고 있는 컴퓨터 시스템을 사람과 친하게 만들려는 것이다. 이를 위해서는 사용자와의 상호작용이 중요시된다. 본 연구에서는 사람과 비슷한 가상의 캐릭터를 이용하며, 이 캐릭터가 사용자와 상호 작용을 통하여 emotion을 갖게 하는데 중점을 두었다. 즉, 캐릭터가 가질 수 있는 emotion structure를 정의하고 사용자와의 상호작용을 바탕으로 캐릭터의 emotion을 생성한다. 이를 위한 시스템은 사용자가 에이전트에게 task를 요청하여 서비스를 받을 때까지 일어날 수 있는 여러 상호작용에 대하여 캐릭터의 emotion을 생성하여 사용자에게 simulation하게 된다. 이러한 감정의 교류를 통하여 사용자는 캐릭터에게 친근감을 갖게 되며 캐릭터의 emotion에 대하여 공감할 수 있고 응용프로그램의 신뢰성을 높이는 효과를 가져온다.