• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

In this data paper, we share the dataset obtained during 2019 from the test-bed to develop soil moisture estimation technology for upland fields, which was built in Seosan and Taean, South Korea on May 3. T his dataset includes various eco-hydro-meteorological variables such as soil moisture, evapotranspiration, precipitation, radiation, temperature, humidity, and vegetation indices from the test-bed nearby the Automated Agricultural Observing System (AAOS) in Seosan operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. T here are three remarkable points of the dataset: (1) It can be utilized to develop and evaluate spatial scaling technology of soil moisture because the areal measurement with wide spatial representativeness using a COSMIC-ray neutron sensor as well as the point measurement using frequency/time domain reflectometry (FDR/TDR) sensors were conducted simultaneously, (2) it can be used to enhance understanding of how soil moisture and crop growth interact with each other because crop growth was also monitored using the Smart Surface Sensing System (4S), and (3) it is possible to evaluate the surface water balance by measuring evapotranspiration using an eddy covariance system.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.56
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• pp.194-218
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• 2011

Focusing on the individuals' structural positions and roles in the internet discussion network, this research explores whether and how the opinion leaders' network characteristics are associated with the message quality and interpersonal influence in terms of attention-drawing and response-generation, which prior studies often failed to fully explicate. Findings suggest that discussion participants with high message quality occupy more central positions in the discussion network, thus enjoy more attention and responses of other following participants. However, opinion leader's network centralities, which tap the structural positions and unique roles in the online discussion network, systematically mediate the effect of the message quality on interpersonal influence. Moreover, significant interaction between opinion perception and network centrality was found only on the majority opinion group, rendering the entire discussion structure toward more enclaved deliberation and group polarization. Taken together, the results imply that the influence of the online opinion leader can only be substantiated with participant's central positions in the discussion network, which has been ignored by the prior opinion leadership research.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.457-471
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• 2018

This study examined student- and school-level background and ICT factors that affected PISA 2015 Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) for Korean students (4863 students from 142 high schools). A two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was analyzed from the basic model (model 1) with no predictors to the final model (model 5) with all predictors. Results showed that first, gender, socioeconomic/cultural backgrounds, cooperation level positively predicted CPS scores while perceived unfairness of teacher negatively predicted the outcome. Second, the more frequently ICT was used for out-of-school learning purposes, the less frequently ICT was used for entertainment purposes, and the less frequently ICT was used in schools, the higher CPS scores were. Considering ICT autonomy and social interaction variables measured for the first time in PISA 2015, students who were more interested in ICT and more autonomous in using ICT devices achieved higher CPS scores. On the other hand, the more students considered ICT important as social interaction, the less they gained CPS scores. Third, in terms of school-level characteristics, the smaller the students behavior detrimental to learning, the higher the teachers perceived positive working environment, and the fewer the number of computers available per student, the higher CPS scores were. To facilitate computer-based collaborative problem-solving competence, it is important for students to have interest and autonomy in using ICT. In addition, the guidelines of ICT use and SW curriculum need to be established in order to increase the effectiveness of using ICT device in school.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.577-589
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• 2021

Soil seed bank community contributes to the long-term conservation of plant diversity and vegetation dynamics, and their decreasing diversity and density with soil depth provide critical perspectives (deterministic and stochastic) for understanding the community disassembly process. We analyzed changes in species composition and diversity and structuring patterns by soil layer (top and bottom), including surface vegetation, in Gwangneung Forest, a mature forest with a vegetation climate in the temperate central part of the Korean Peninsula. From two layers of soil collected with a vertical difference of 10 cm, 934 specimens of 27 families, 40 genera, 44 species, three varieties, and 47 taxa, germinated. Although species diversity and germination density decreased in most comparative characteristics, including growth type, there was no statistical significance due to large deviations. Within-group variability of species composition was similar in the upper and lower soils, as was the decline pattern in co-occurred species (ζ-diversity) and change in species retention probability. The structuring process of the community composition in the two soil layers was fitted with an exponential correlation rather than a power function, demonstrating the dominance of the stochastic process. The pattern in diversity and species turnover according to soil depth in Gwangneung Forest was discovered to be structured by stochastic random events, such as seed vertical movement rather than interaction with trait characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.153-172
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop the Empathy Education Program by employing the brain-based education principle in home economics education. For this purpose, the study used the "ADDE" (Analysis, Design, Development, and Evaluation) method to develope a Empathy Education Program for middle-school students. Analysis from previous literature derived that four principles of brain-based empathy education in home economics education: 1) understanding through imitation; 2) inference through imagination; 3) interaction through experience, and 4) internalization through practice. Based on these brain-based four principles and three components of empathy, a total of 15 lessons were designed and developed for the educational program for middle-school students, "FEEL" (For Empathy Education & Learning). The contents of this program were selected from the analysis of the 2015-revised technology and home economics education curriculum and textbooks. Results from expert evaluation of the validity and feasibility of the program showed that this program is highly valid with an average validity score of 4.88 and 0.98 for the validity index ("CVI"). This study is meaningful in that it can be effectively employed in the middle school free-year policy system. Also, this study contributes to shedding light on the possibility of combining empathy education with home economics education by presenting newly presented elements of empathy and brain-based education principles in home economics education.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2021

Objectives : The risk of weight gain is high when using antipsychotic drugs, and the prevalence of obesity in people with mental illness is high. Obesity management in psychiatric patients is important because obesity causes various complications and lowers treatment adherence and quality of life. Methods : In this review, we summarized the management strategies for obesity that can occur when using antipsychotic drugs through a web search. Results : Evaluate obesity-related risk factors and related indicators from the beginning of treatment, and conduct regular monitoring. If an antipsychotic drug is used and obesity is induced, a change to a drug with a low metabolic risk may be attempted. Sufficient interventions are also needed on the need to manage obesity, a healthy diet, and exercises in patients and their families. If weight loss is not achieved and obesity-related complications are associated, the use of anti-obesity drugs may be considered. Pharmacological treatment approaches should be carefully considered. Conclusions : Non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies can be applied to manage weight gain and obesity caused by the use of antipsychotic drugs. When using anti-obesity drugs, the characteristics of mental disorders, drug safety, and drug interactions should be considered.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.169-185
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• 2018

The purpose of this study examined the feasibility and efficacy of a senior center-based diabetes self-management program applying action research approach. The cyclical action research method was applied for this study: plan, act, evaluate, and reflect in delivering three waves of the intervention program. Three waves of a 12 weeks-length small group diabetes self-management program were offered during the period of 15 months in a senior center in Seoul. Planning of $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ wave program were based on reflection of $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ program evaluation respectively. Among the 46 participants, 93.48% (N=43) completed the program. The quantitative evaluation showed statistically significant improvement in HbA1C(p<.001), fasting plasma glucose(p<.001), BMI(p=.016), waist circumference(p=.001), systolic blood pressure(p=.036), diabetes self-management behavior(p<.001) and health knowledge(p=.008). Qualitative data revealed that individual management was very helpful in empowering and adhering for own diabetes care for the participants. Participants reported high satisfaction towards the program with mean satisfaction score of 65.12. Application of the Diabetes Self-management program with action study strategy was successful in community setting for improving participants' subjective and objective outcomes. Action research method guides the practitioner to tailor the program to respond for the participants and field needs.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1096-1107
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on blood inflammatory factors, DHEA-s and arterial stiffness in elderly women. The subjects were 42 elderly females volunteers, aged 70 to 85 years, composed of the combined exercise group (n=21) and control group (n=21). The 60 minute combined exercise program(aquarobics 1 time/week, strength exercise 2 times/week) was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks, and the intensity was progressively increased every 4 weeks(1-4 weeks: RPE 12 to 13, 5-8 weeks: RPE 13 to 14, 9-12weeks: RPE 14 to 15). The test data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, independent t-test and the alpha level of .05 was set for all tests of significance. As a result, the combined exercise for 12 weeks reduced the inflammatory response of elderly women, and DHEA-s was found to have a positive effect on aging hormone. The arterial stiffness decreased the central arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), prevented the increase of the pulse pressure and the wave increase index, and decreased the pulse wave velocity. These results suggest that regular and continuous combined exercise may be recommended for the healthy aging and longevity of elderly women by inducing anti-inflammation effect and improving the aging hormonal function and the vascular health.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

In order to study interactions between climate change and air quality, a modeling system including the downscaling scheme has been developed in the integrated manner. This research focuses on the development of a downscaling method to utilize CCSM3 outputs as the initial and boundary conditions for the regional climate model, MM5. Horizontal/vertical interpolation was performed to convert from the latitude/longitude and hybrid-vertical coordinate for the CCSM3 model to the Lambert-Conformal Arakawa-B and sigma-vertical coordinate for the MM5 model. A variable diagnosis was made to link between different variables and their units of CCSM and MM5. To evaluate the dynamic downscaling performance of this study, spatial distributions were compared between outputs of CCSM/MM5 and NRA/MM5 and statistic analysis was conducted. Temperature and precipitation patterns of CCSM/MM5 in summer and winter showed a similar pattern with those of observation data in East Asia and the Korean Peninsula. In addition, statistical analysis presented that the agreement index (AI) is more than 0.9 and correlation coefficient about 0.9. Those results indicate that the dynamic downscaling system built in this study can be used for the research of interaction between climate change and air quality.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.615-626
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• 2019

Soil moisture and runoff have very close relationship. Especially the water retention capacity and drainage characteristics of the soil are determined by various factors of the soil. In this study, a total of 40 rainfall events were identified from the entire rainfall events of Sulma basin in 2016 and 2017. For each selected events, the constant-K method was used to separate direct runoff and baseflow from total flow and calculate the runoff coefficient which shows positive exponential curve with Antecedent Soil Moisture (ASM). In addition to that, the threshold of soil moisture was determined at the point where the runoff coefficient starts increasing dramatically. The threshold of soil moisture shows great correlation with runoff and depth to water table. It was founded that not only ASM but also various factors, such as Initial Soil Moisture (ISM), storage capacity of soil and precipitation, affect the results of runoff response. Furthermore, wet condition and dry condition are separated by ASM threshold and the start and peak response are analyzed. And the results show that the response under wet condition occurred more quickly than that of dry condition. In most events occurred in dry condition, factors reached peak in order of soil moisture, depth to water table and runoff. However, in wet condition, they reached peak in order of depth to water table, runoff and soil moisture. These results will help identify the interaction among factors which affect the runoff, and it will help establish the relationship between various soil conditions and runoff.