• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 1993

Anastomosis types and hyphal interactions in culture among different location and field isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IA), R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae were examined. In the pairings of R. solani AG-1(IA) isolates, cytoplasmic fusion only occurred in the self-anastomoses, and non-cytoplasmic fusion occurred in the other combinations. In the pairings of R. oryzae isolates, cytoplasmic fusion occurred in six combinations between different location isolates and in two combinations between different field isolates from the same locations as well as in the self-anastomoses. In that case, four isolates of the fungus reciprocally made the cytoplasmic fusion. In the pairings of R. oryzae-sativae isolates, only non-cytoplasmic fusion occurred among the different location and field isolates, in which cytoplasmic fusion also occurred in the self-anastomoses. When non-cytoplasmic fusion isolates(NCFIs) of R. solani AG-1(IA) were opposed on PDA, a killing zone developed between the NCFls paired after incubation. The killing zone also developed between the NCFls of R. oryzae paired. No killing zone developed between the cytoplasmic fusion isolates(CFIs) of R. oryzae, in which mycelia of the CFIs intermingled with each other without formation of any demarcation line. An entangled zone instead of the killing zone developed between the NCFIs of R. oryzae-sativae.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

At fertilization, sperm penetrates into oocyte, male and female pronuclei are fused together, and mitotic division follows. However, little information is available on the interactive roles and dynamic processes between cytoplasmic and nuclear components during the pronuclear formation, migration and cell division. The assisted reproductive technologies such as, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and round spermatid injection(ROSI) could provides new treatments for the male infertility as well as tools for the study of basic mechanism during fertilization. Nuclear transfer can also provide a mechanism on the interactive roles between nucleus and cytoplasm since the process includes nuclear reprogrammming of differentiated cells in the enucleated oocytes. Recently, I have investigated developmental processes in porcine oocytes following fertilization parthenogenesis, ICSI, ROSI and nuclear transfer using indirect immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies. The results could provide an insight into biological questions related with epigenesis as well as strategies for the enhancement of embryology in general such as ICSI and nuclear transfer.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-203
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to reveal the difference of teacher-child interaction in relation to professionalism awareness and sensitivity level of early childhood teachers. To this end, we used professionalism awareness, sensitivity, teacher-child interaction as parameters for 226 early childhood teachers in Jeonbuk province. Here are the results : First, we investigated the difference of professionalism awareness, sensitivity, teacher-child interaction in relation to the background of early childhood teachers, and it differs by the age, career, educational level of the teachers. Second, we made group comparison to see the difference of teacher-child interaction depending on professionalism awareness level of teachers, and teachers with high professionalism awareness showed meaningfully higher emotional, verbal, behavioral interaction level than lower group. Third, we made group comparison to see the difference of teacher-child interaction depending on sensitivity level, and teachers of high sensitivity shows meaningfully higher emotional, verbal interaction than lower group. This result could be potential data to ameliorate the quality of teacher-child interaction, and it implies that the improvement of professionalism and sensitivity level could contribute to professional performance capability of teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2015

Proton exchange membrane (PEM), which transfers proton from the anode to the cathode, is the key component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Nafion is widely used as PEM due to its high proton conductivity as well as excellent chemical and physical stabilities. However, its high cost and the environmental hazards limit the commercial application in PEMFCs. To overcome these disadvantages, various alternative polymer electrolytes have been investigated for fuel cell applications. We used densely sulfonated polymers to maximize the ion conductivity of the corresponding membrane. To overcome high swelling, dipole-dipole interaction was used by introducing nitrile groups into the polymer backbone. As a result, physically-crosslinked membranes showed improved swelling ratio despite of high water uptake. All the membranes with different hydrophilic-hydrophobic compositions showed higher conductivity, despite their lower IEC, than that of Nafion-117.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.2 s.216
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• pp.113-126
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• 2006

This study aimed to examine the relationship between sexual communication and marital quality. Study data were collected from structured questionnaires completed by 695 married men and women aged in their 30s and 40s. The major results were as follows. For the interaction coordination and postsexual interaction, there were significant differences between men and women, in that men had more interaction coordination and postsexual interaction than women. The results show the stereotype of sexuality in Korean society that men should be more active, and assertive while women should be passive and dependent. For both men and women, those who had more dyadic sexual communication, more interaction coordination, and more postsexual interaction had a higher level of marital quality. That is, sexual communication can function significantly in increasing marital quality. The study results suggest the necessity of training to improve sexual communication skills. For example, in educational programs for couple enrichment, it will be useful to include skills such as expressing ones' desire, affect, and feelings explicitly.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.191-209
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of teacher's self-efficacy on children's sociality through the mediating effects of job-satisfaction and the quality of teacher-child interaction. The participants in this study consisted of 27 teachers working at child care centers and 71 children(4-5 years old) in their charge in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province, Korea. Data were analyzed by means of a Hayes's PROCESS(2012) program to identify the serial multiple mediating effects and the relationships which exist among the various factors. The present study found that teacher's self-efficacy had significant indirect effects on children's sociality through job-satisfaction and the quality of teacher-child interaction. These results suggest that a higher level of teacher's self-efficacy leads to greater job-satisfaction and better quality of teacher-child interaction and this in turn has an influence on children's sociality.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.337-340
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 MPEG가 비디오 스트림의 형상 정보를 클러스터링 하여 VO(Visual Object)의 동작을 요약하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 MPEG-4 비트 스트림의 디코딩 없이 형상 정보를 근사화 한다. 그리고 사용자가 입력한 질의 VOP(Video Object Plane)와 VO의 각 VOP와의 NMHD(Normalized Mean Hausdorff Distance)를 구한 후 클러스터링을 수행하여 키 영역을 분리해낸다. 클러스터링에 의해 시간적으로 분리된 영역의 지속성을 고려하여 Rank를 매김으로써 사용자가 원하는 수의 키 VOP를 선택할 수 있게 한다. 제안하는 방법은 클러스터링을 사용함으로써 키 VOP를 선정하였으며, Rank와 질의 VOP를 사용하여 사용자와의 상호작용이 가능하다.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-76
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• 2024

A virtual influencer is a digital artifact that primarily operates on social media and acts like the human influencer. This study investigate how the attractiveness and reputation of virtual influencers affect consumers' purchase intentions. Based on previous studies, we developed a research model and questionnaire, and analyzed a total of 371 survey questionnaires using a structural equation model. The study results show that reputation positively affect attachment, imitation desire, and interaction, while attractiveness positively influence attachment and imitation desire but not interaction. Lastly, purchase intention was positively influenced by imitation desire, attachment, and interaction; which indicates that attractiveness, reputation, and interactivity are crucial factors in virtual influencer implementation strategies. The quality and reliability of contents provided by virtual influencers are essential not only for gaining popularity but also for maintaining a good reputation. Additionally, continuous interaction is necessary in order to foster close relationships with consumers. A few practical insights are presented for firms considering to implement a virtual influencer.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.359-372
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop the FPHER (problem finding, prediction & discussion, hands-on & experiment, explanation & arrangement, enrichment) instructional model emphasizing the social interactions, and as applied, characteristics of verbal interactions were examined overall and with each step. For this study, this model was applied to the students in 10th grade chemistry classes in a science high school, and their group verbal interactions were recorded and analyzed. The results of this study show that most verbal interactions were classified as on-task interactions in the FPHER instructional model, where suggestions were predominant to the acceptance of opinions. There were a few interactions in the F step, and there were many suggestions relating to the solutions and lacking in confidence in the P step. There were many suggestions relating to the process and orders in the H step. Also, there were many questions, some explanation and dissatisfaction, as well as a lack of confidence in the E step. There were many high-level interactions in the R step, and mainly interactions with worksheets showing high-level problem-solving abilities. More in-depth research is needed to develop the teaching strategies that can activate student-to-student interaction and student-teacher interaction with regard to instructions, enhancing thought as counter-argument, justification or sophistication, based on the instructional model in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.203-216
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to clarify what teachers interaction is who try to develop their infants, by examining the intention of beginning the interaction between teachers and their infants, while playing freely at a child care center. The author used a qualitative research method. The subjects of this study are nine infants and three teachers. The author videotaped all the session focusing on the interactions between teachers and their infants. The author observed all the sessions for three months. The author also interviewed the teachers. She also collected the manual of the target daycare centers, its study plans, its observation logs, and the observation logs of the infants' activities and analyzed them. The intention of infants' interaction with their teachers is to know how to play by using some toys. A second intention is to see the contents of the picture book related to the daily routine. A third intention is to satisfy emotional needs. The intention of teachers interaction with their infants while playing freely is to help explore things and try to play. Another intention is to make a transition from teacher-centered play to infant-centered one. A third intention is to pacify infants expressing thoughts by crying. A future research which will increase the quality of the interactions and will be helpful for the development of infants and will focus on infants will be needed.