• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.106-118
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of in-vehicle pedestrian warning systems. Driving Simulator-based experiments were conducted to collect data to represent driver's responsive behavior. The braking frequency, lane change duration, and collision speed were used as measure of effectiveness (MOE) to evaluate the effectiveness. Collision speed data obtained from the simulation experiments were further used to predict pedestrian injury severity. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of warning information systems by reducing the pedestrian injury severity. It is expected that the proposed evaluation methodology and outcomes will be useful in developing various vehicular technologies and relevant policies to enhance pedestrian safety.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2015

Recently, various research studies on frontal collision and rear-ender which occur more frequently compared to others are underway as the public interest on them is growing. This study analyzes scientifically the relationship between effective impact speed and injury incidence for vehicle crash accident reconstruction and presents a relevant model formula. Because real vehicle experiments have certain limitations such as possible injuries, this study efforts to collect and analyze as many materials as possible to substitute real vehicle experiments, including data from various collision tests and human experiments. As a result, this study present a threshold in which head-on collisions and rear impacts do not cause injuries under 7 km/h of effective impact speed, and suggests a model formula showing that injury extent is linearly proportional to effective impact speed through collision speed and amount of plastic deformation. In conclusion, a model formula for estimating effective impact speed and injury incidence newly proposed in this study is expected to be used as a minimum standard of judgment in disputes on the injury extent of passenger in head-on collisions and rear impacts. Furthermore its availability in terms of technological analysis in legal arguments is expected to be very high if this study will be enhanced by referring to scientific analyses of various real accidents so as to apply it in various types of collision accidents.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2003

본 연구는 DNA 상해유도기작을 규명하기 위하여 하등 진핵생물인 분열형 효모 Schizosaccharomyces Pombe로부터 subtraction hybridization방법을 이용하여 자외선 유도 유전자인 UVI-180을 분리하고 그 유전자 구조와 발현양상을 조사하였다. UVI-180유전자의 발현양상을 Northern hybridization 방법으로 살펴본 결과 자외선(ultraviolet-light)조사 1시간 후에 최대의 발현 증가를 나타내었다. 반면 알킬화제인 MMS(methyl methanesulfonate)처리에 의해서는 전혀 발현이 증가되지 않았다. 이 결과 UVI-180유전자는 DNA상해에 따라 각기 다른 발현양상을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 유전자의 기능을 알기 위하여 null-mutant세포 주를 제조하여 그 특성을 살펴본 결과 이 유전자는 세포의 성장에 필수적인 유전자임을 알 수 있었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.1 s.52
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• pp.21-26
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• 2006

본 연구는 DNA 상해유도기작을 규명하기 위하여 하등 진핵생물인 분열형 효모 Schizosaccharomyces pombe로부터 subtraction hybridization방법을 이용하여 자외선 유도 유전자인 UV150과 UV200을 분리하고 그 유전자 구조와 발현양상을 조사하였다. 분리한 유전자의 발현양상을 Northern hybridization 방법으로 살펴본 결과 자외선 조사 1시간 후부터 발현이 증가되었다. 또한 알킬화제인 Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS) 처리에 의해서도 발현이 증가되었다. 이 결과 다른 UV-inducible유전자와는 다르게 분리한 UV150유전자는 UV에 UV200유전자는 MMS에 의하여 발현이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 유전자의 기능을 알기 위하여 URA4 유전자를 이용하여 null-mutant 세포주를 제조하여 그 특성을 살펴본 결과 분리한 UV150 유전자는 세포의 성장에 필수적인 유전자임을 알 수 있었다.

• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2024

The development of transportation methods has improved human transportation convenience and made it possible to expand the travel radius of people with disabilities who have difficulty moving. However, in the case of WAV (wheelchair Accessible Vehicle), the safety that may occur in a vehicle accident is still lower than that of regular passenger seats. In particular, in the case of a rear-end collision that may occur in a defenseless situation, it can cause fatal neck injuries to disabled passengers. Therefore, a more detailed design plan must be reflected in the headrest to be applied to WAV. In this study, a multi-cell headrest was proposed to implement local compression characteristic distribution of the headrest during rear-end collision of WAV. Afterwards, a correlation analysis was performed between the passenger's NIC (Neck Injury Criterion) and impact energy absorption using the data set construction through analysis and the clustering results using k-means clustering. As a result of clustering, it was confirmed that data clusters with similar characteristics were formed, and a correlation analysis between NIC and impact energy absorption through the characteristics of each cluster was performed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the softer the cell compression characteristics in Mid3 and Mid6, the more impact energy absorption increases, and the harder the cell compression characteristics in Front2, Mid3, and Mid6, the more effective it is in reducing NIC.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.349-355
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• 2023

This study attempted to investigate the effect of competitive anxiety on injury psychology according to the athletic career of tennis athletes at Chinese universities. To study the method, 208 athletes enrolled in a four-year university (0 university, 0 university) located in A City, Hanam Province, were surveyed for a total of three weeks from the end of January to the beginning of February 2023. To verify the research model, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS Statistics 25. And independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to find out the differences in variables according to general characteristics, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify hypotheses through the concept of measurement. As a result of the study, first, it was found that there was a significant difference in the athletic career of tennis athletes at West China University. Second, the non-standardized coefficient of competition anxiety was found to have a positive (+) effect on exercise weaponry. Third, the non-standardized coefficient of competition anxiety was found to have a positive (+) effect on anxiety and anxiety. Therefore, it was found that other competitive anxiety in the exercise career had an effect on injury psychology. Since competition anxiety according to the athletic career of tennis athletes at Chinese universities affects injury psychology, it suggests that a psychological program that can control competition anxiety and injury psychology of athletes should be developed and introduced to athletes.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.9
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• pp.1-9
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• 1991

Bulbs of two introduced garlic cultivars, Sanghae-joseng and Spain strain, were purchased in a market and anatomical characteristics of them were investigated according to the weight of individual bulbs. The materials used were planted and grown in the field. Bulbs harvested were classified according to weight and their anatomical characteristics were recorded. 1. In both cultivars the larger the bulb, the more flat the bulb shape. 2. The bigger the bulbs were, the larger the number of cloves per bulb was, Spain strain had more cloves per bulb than Sanghae-joseng in the same size bulbs. 3. In Sanghae-joseng, more cloves were formed in outer layer than in inner layer in the bulbs produced in 1990. But more cloves were formed in inner layer in the bulbs of 35 g or smaller produced in 1991. In Spain strain, more cloves were formed in inner layer in the bulbs of 40 g or more produced in 1990. But more cloves were formed in outer layer in the bulbs produced in 1991 regardless of bulb size. In both cultivars, the number of primary cloves and total number of cloves was very small in both cultivars, but it was a little bigger in Sanghae-joseng than in spain strain. 5. In the bulbs produced in both 1990 and 1991 of Spain strain and in bulbs produced in 1990 of Sanghae-joseng weight of cloves in outer layer was significantly heavier than that in outer layer, the trend was not conspicuous in 1991 produce of Sanghae-joseng. 6. In both cultivars clove size range was narrow in small bulbs and wide in large bulbs. In distribution of cloves in size, medium ones were most frequent, and the frequency of large cloves increased with increased size of bulbs. Sanghae-joseng produced larger cloves than Spain strain in the same size cloves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2000

일반적으로 해양에서 전선이란 서로 다른 수괴간의 불연속면을 일컫는다. 이러한 전선의 양측 면에는 유속, 수온, 염분, 수질 등이 급변한다. 본 연구는 1997년 8월 26일부터 9월 2일까지 제주도 서부에서 중국 상해 양쯔강 하구역까지 21개 정점에서 관측된 물리ㆍ화학적 관측자료로부터 연안과 외양간의 수온, 염분, 밀도 등 물리적 인자 특성으로부터 전선역을 찾아내고 전선역을 중심으로 양측의 수질특성을 용존산소, 인산염, 질산염, 규산염 등 영양염류의 분포 특성과 아울러 생산력 인자인 엽록소 a의 분포량을 파악하여 전선역을 중심으로 한 수괴간의 특성을 규명하였다

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 2011

Side collisions (or side crash) account for 51.6% of all car to car accidents occurred in 2010. It is necessary to analyze those vehicles' structure deformation and passengers' injuries in the side collisions. A moving barrier (950kg) is currently used in the KNCAP side impact test. However, in order to enhance a passengers' safety in the side collisions, we introduce an AE-MDB (1500kg) which provides more severe conditions for this test. In this study, the test results using both barriers are compared and analyzed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.176-194
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• 2010

According to the economy recession of U.S.A and Europe, the value of China market has been increased. Therefore the in-depth studies were essential for the companies and brands which look for new rising market. This study typed Chinese consumers by lifestyle and analyze the demographics and clothing purchasing behavior. The result of the internet survey which was carried out targeting Shanghai residents, established several consumer types of men and women respectively. In case of male consumers, established 4 groups like indifferent to advertising/brand group, seriously considering brand/health group, seriously considering leisure group, and seriously considering education group. In case of female consumers, established 3 groups like seriously considering education/food group, seriously considering housing/leisure group, and seriously considering shopping group. These groups were showed significant differences to demographics and clothing purchasing behavior. These characteristics about the groups must be reflected to marketing and merchandising strategies.