• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.398-405
• /
• 1997

과거 8년간의(1985-1992) 통계에 의하면 정면과 측면 충돌시 구속 시스텡의 하나인 Airbag장착 차량의 사망자 및 중상자 수가 현저히 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타나고있다. 그 러나 최근 소비자로 부터의 Airbag에 관한 불만을 보고 받고 있다. 즉 구속효과를 발휘함에 있어 부수적으로 인체 부상을 유발하고 있다는 것이다. 사망내지는 심각한 부상은 방지하고 있으나 경미한 부상은 오히려 증가하고 또한 신체가 적은 여성 운전자나 6세 이하의 어린이 에게는 심각한 부상의 우려가 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 구속시스템의 총아인 Airbag 시스템의 심각한 부수적인 부상 보고를 입증하기 위하여 우리나라 어린이 6세 신체를 기준 으로하여 구속시스템을 착용하지 않았을 경우(실제로 많은 경우), seat belt만 착용시, Airbag만 작용시, 그리고 seat belt와 Airbag을 동시에 사용할 때를 컴퓨터 Simulation Package 이용 신체 dynamic을 모의실험 하였다. 실험결과, 기존에 알려진바와 같이 구속시스템을 사용하지 않았을 경우에 부상은 매우 컸다. 신체 사이즈가 작은 어린이 혹은 여성 운전자의 경우 Seat belt만을 사용한 경우는 Airbag만을 사용한 경우보다는 부상정도가 약간 경미하였으나 두 경우 모두 인체가 구속시스템의 구속 범위를 이탈하여 구속 시스템으로써의 역할을 충분히 하지 못하고 있었다. 특히 Seat belt와 Airbag을 동시에 사용하였을시에도 Airbag이 충분히 개선된 이후라도 신체 사이즈가 작은 경우에는 흉부부위에 의한 충격 흡수가 먼저 이루어지지 못하고, 머리에 먼저 Airbag이 접촉이 되어 충격 흡수 역할보다는 반동효과가 더 커서 머리 및 몸체가 뒤로 Rebound 하는 효과로 머리, 혹은 목의 신체 부상한계를 넘고 있어 큰 부상 내지는 사망에 이르고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 사료된다.의 결과는 자전거 에르고노미터의 결과가 트레드밀의 결과에 87.60%정도 나타났다.음을 관찰하였다. 특히 vitamin C와 E의 병용투여는 상승적으로 적용하여 간세포손상을 더욱 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.mance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI (Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and f[ are significant and positively rel

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.182-189
• /
• 2015

Four different kinds of coffee beans (CS, Colombia supremo; EY, Ethiopia yirgacheffee; IM, Indonesia mandheling; and IMM, India monsooned malabar) were roasted at 200 and $250^{\circ}C$ for 10, 15, and 20 min. To determine the optimum roasting conditions, various components of the coffee beans such as pyrazines produced during the roasting, and their antioxidant and antidiabetic effects were analyzed. The different roasting condition did not affect on the concentration of caffeine. However, the amount of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and the total phenolics decreased significantly, at a greater temperature and a longer roasting time. The greatest amount of pyrazines was produced from the IMM however, the amount of pyrazines decreased rapidly at $250^{\circ}C$ according to increasing in roasting time. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was mostly 80% more effective than that of BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol activities at the same concentration. In the case of the FRAP assay, the reducing power of the coffee slightly decreased at a greater temperature pand longer time. While the inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was negligible, the activity decreased by more than 80% when the coffee beans were roasted at $250^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-amylase showed similar results. Taken together, the optimum roasting conditions were determined to be $200^{\circ}C$ and 15 min, which provided the best physiological activity and nutty and chocolatey aromas from the pyrazine of coffee.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2009

This research wished to risk type and examine closely driver special quality and relation of traffic accidents by occurrence type of traffic accidents and traffic accidents seriousness examine closely relation with Severity. Fractionate traffic accidents type by eight, and driver's special quality for risk group's classification did to distinction of sex, vehicle type, age etc. analyzed relation with injury degree adding belt used putting on availability for security the objectivity with wave. Used log-Linear model and Logit model for analysis of category data. A head-on collision and overtaking accident, right-turn accident are high injury or death accident and possibility to associate in relation with accident type and seriousness degree. In risk group analysis The age less than 20 years in motor-cycle driver, taxi driver in 41 years to 50 years old are very dangerous. The woman also was construed to the more risk group than man from when related to car, mini-bus, goods vehicle etc. Therefore, traffic safety education and Enforcement for risk group that way that can reduce accident that produce to reduce a loss of lives at traffic accidents appearance a head-on collision and overtaking accidents, right-turn accidents should be studied and as traffic accidents weakness class may have to be solidified.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.202-210
• /
• 2019

This paper evaluated the performance of passenger vehicles with an AEB(Autonomous Emergency Braking) for various pedestrian-vehicle collision situations. The experiment was conducted at a speed of 30-60km/h on a 2017 3,000cc vehicle using a range of collision scenarios. The results showed that the test vehicle stopped before crashing a pedestrian dummy under all scenarios at 30km/h. The test vehicle reduced the speed but crashed the pedestrian dummy in all scenarios at 40-60km/h. From the paired t-test, there was a speed difference from the AEB system at a significant level of 0.05. In addition, the percentage of speed reduction was quite different for each scenario tested. It was concluded that the current AEB system can prevent pedestrian collisions at speed of 30km/h, but cannot prevent collisions with pedestrians at speed of 40-60 km/h.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.81
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 2007

In the present study, we have investigated the effect of fisetin on the apoptosis and DNA single strand breaks in ultraviolet light B (UVB)-exposed NIH3T3 cells. Exposure of cells to UVB light $(200J/m^2)$ and post-incubation in growth medium for 48 hr resulted in about 50% of cells with apoptotic nuclear fragmentation. Addition of various concentrations of fisetin in the postincubation medium, however, significantly reduced the apoptotic nuclear fragmentation as compared with the values expected when the effects are additive and independent. DNA single strand breaks induced by UVB exposure were also significantly decreased by postincubation with fisetin. By Western blot analysis, fisetin post-incubation was shown to attenuate the p53 upregulation upon UVB exposure. Furthermore, the decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) level upon UVB exposure was alleviated by fisetin postincubation. These results suggest that fisetin decrease the apoptosis and increae DNA repair in a possible association with alteration of p53 and PCNA levels in UVB-exposed cells.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study is to evaluate university canadian paddlers' iso-kinetic muscle function and provide training advices. Eight university paddlers with a 8.5 years career participated in this study. Inbody 720, biodex system III, biodex stabilizer system and THP 2 are used to investigate body component, muscle function(peak torque, average power and work fatigue), agility and dynamic balance. Iso-kinetic muscle function around shoulder, thorax and knee are measured. And then bilateral and unilateral muscle imbalance are calculated at each joint. Results of this study are as follows; University canadian paddlers' BMI average is 24.90 $kg/m^2$ and percent body fat is 12.23%. Reaction time average was 324 msec and balance score at each leg are below 2.0. A3, A4, A5, A6, A8 are needed to train shoulder muscle strength and power. A1, A2, A7, A8 are needed to strengthen shoulder muscle endurance. A2, A5, A8 are needed to train thorax muscle strength and power. A1, A8 are needed to strengthen thorax muscle endurance. Most of paddlers' reciprocal muscle balance ratio on thorax and knee are out of normal range. A2, A3, A4, A8 are needed to train abdominal strength and A3, A5, A6, A7, A8 are needed to train hamstring strength.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.114-114
• /
• 1997

항만개발 사업은 매립이나 준설과 같은 해안선과 해저지형을 변화시키는 공사가 이루어지며 이는 조석조류 현상의 변화를 유발하게 된다. 특히 해안지형이 복잡한 항만이나 하구에서는 변화정도가 크게 나타나며 방파제나 선박접안 시설과 같은 항내 구조물을 축조 할 경우에도 조석조류 변화가 야기된다. 조석조류 현상의 변화는 해양 수질과 생물상에 영 향을 줄뿐만 아니라 인접한 육지에 이르기까지 크다란 피해를 유발할 수가 있다. 창조시 해 수를 육지로 범람하게 하거나 퇴적이나 침식조건을 변화시킬 수도 있으며 오염물질이 외해 로 확산되는 과정을 방해하고 해양생물의 서식조건을 악화시켜 부근 해역의 어업에 피해를 유발할 수도 있다. 또한 해안 공사 과정에 해수로 유입되는 토사나 항만 이용시에 배출되는 폐수 등이 항내 수질과 생태계를 변화시킬 수 있다. 따라서 조석조류와 수질변화를 사전에 예측하고 이를 최소화하는 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 조석조류와 수질 변화를 사전에 예측하 는 방법으로 축소모형 실험과 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션이 사용된다. 축소모형 실험은 현장을 재현 하는데 많은 경비와 시간이 소모되며 예측에 한계가 있다. 반면에 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션은 대 상해역의 지형과 조류 그리고 수질특성에 적합하게 모델을 개발할 경우 예측력이 매우 높기 때문에 현재 가장 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 유한 요소법에 기초하여 미국 공병단 (United States Army Corps of Engineers)에서 개발한 TABS-2 모델을 이용하여 온산항에 서 시행되는 부두건설에 따른 조석조류 및 수질변화를 시뮬레이션하였다. 측정된 자료로 모 델 계수를 보정하고 검증하였으며 항내 매립과 준설이 이루어질 때 나타나는 조위와 조속변 화를 예측하였다. 매립과 준설공사시 유출되는 토사가 조석조류현상에 따라 이동 확산되는 범위와 농도분포를 예측하였다.ophobic components)은 75~80%, 친수성 물질(hydrophilic components)은 30~33%정도의 분포를 보였고, 전염소 및 전오존 공정을 거친 처리수에서는 각각 62.2-62.8%, 43.9~49.0% 및 50~ 55%, 40~57% 정도의 분포를 보였다. 그리고 웅집-침전을 거친 처리수에서는 그 분포가 77~82%, 24-48%였다. 전주리 공정을 통하여 소수성 물질(byoghobic components)의 분포가 감 소하는 것을 볼 때 전염소 및 전오존 처리가 용존유기물의 응집에는 오히려 역 효과를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다. 것으로 판단된다.여 황토 2g에 대하여 Hieltijes and Lijklema 방법에 의해 Adsorbed-p, Nonapatite inorganic-P(NAI-P), Apatite-p, Organic-P로 구분하여 분석하고, 총인(Total Phosphorus)을 Standard Methods에 따라 Persulfate digestion후 0.45 m membrane 여지 여과하여 여액에 대해 PO3-4-P의 농도를 Ascorbic Acid 법으로 측정한 결과, NAI-P가 가장 큰 비율을 차지하였고, 부원료로 첨가된 금속 양이온 중 Fe3-이온이 흡착에 기여하는 정도가 가장 큰 것으로 평가되었다.다당류 T-AS의 보체 활성화 기작은 classical과 alternative complement pathway의 양 경로를 통해 활성화 되었다. T-AS 분획은 mouse내의 특정 혈청단백을 증가시켰으며, 항체 생성능의 증가가 관찰되어 effect T 세포의 활성화가 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. T-AS는 생체내 투여시에 대식세포의 탐식능이 증진되었으며, 대식세포 기능 저해제에 의한 대식세포의 기능 저해 현상이 회복되었다. 이와 같은 결과들로부터, T-AS의 항암 활성은 활성

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.870-876
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of kinesio taping on muscle strength and changes of muscle fatigue and damage. 10 male subjects participated in 1-RM and isometric cybex muscle strength tests with and without taping application. Muscle strength (bench press, leg press) and extension (knee, shoulder) strength were significantly increased after taping, but there was no significant difference in flexion (knee, shoulder) strength. The concentration of fatigue factors (ammonia, phosphorous), muscle damage index substances (CK, LDH), IGF-I and creatinine were reduced after taping, but there were no significant differences.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2004

The SOI wafer fabrication technique has been developed by using ion-cut process, based on proton implantation and wafer bonding techniques. It has been shown by TRIM simulation that 65 keV proton implantation is required for the standard SOI wafer (200 nm SOI, 400 nm BOX) fabrication. In order to investigate the optimum proton dose and primary annealing condition for wafer splitting, the surface morphologic change has been observed such as blistering and flaking. As a result, effective dose is found to be in the 6∼$9\times10^{16}$ $H^{+}/\textrm{cm}^2$ range, and the annealing at $550^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes is expected to be optimum for wafer splitting. The depth distribution of implanted hydrogen has been experimentally confirmed by ERD and SIMS measurements. The microstructure evolution in the damaged layer was also studied by X-TEM analysis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 1995

The nucleotide sequence variation of mitochondria1 DNA were investigated by eight restriction endonucleases from two oyster species, Crassostrea gigas collected from two localities of South Korea and one locality of Japan and C. nippona collected from one locality of South Korea. The total mtDNA size in the oyster, C. gigas, from the three localities was approximately 18 kb and that in C. nippona was 22 kb. The restriction fragment patterns of mtDNA in C. gigas from the three localities by BamHI, BgII, and XhoI digestions were identical to one another. The degree of mtDNA sequence divergence of C. gigas between the two localities in Korea was 2% and that between Korean and Japanese C. gigas was 5%. The amount of sequence divergence between the two species of oysters was 42%.