• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1993.04a
• /
• pp.505-514
• /
• 1993

일반적으로 투자자들은 높은 수익을 얻기를 바라는 성향 그리고 위험기피적 성향을 가지고 있는 것으로 받아들여진다. 그러나 투자자들이 갖는 이러한 대표적인 두가지 성향은 현실에서 직면하는 투자대안의 경우에 서로 상층(trade-off)하는 것이 일반적이며, 따라서 그러한 상충관계를 서로 다른 수준으로 포함하고 있는 대안들 중에서 어떤 것을 선택하는 때에 투자자의 선호체계가 중요하게 작용한다. 그런데 많은 경우 투자자들은 그러한 상충관계에 직면했을 때, 커다란 손실의 가능성을 포함하는 대안이 아니라면 약간 낮은 평균수익이 에상되더라도 높은 수익의 가능성이 상대적으로 높은 대안을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 약간 낮은 평균수익이 예상되더라도 높은 수익의 가능성이 상대적으로 높은 대안 즉, 대안 수익의 분포가 우향왜곡된(skewed positively)대안을 선호하는 투자자의 성향을 포함시킬 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.83 no.4
• /
• pp.771-775
• /
• 2022

Recently, doctors and researchers are establishing relationships with interested parties from companies, research institutes, health care institutions, and academic journals, instead of conducting independent medical care or research work. They may have multiple interests as an advisor or a shareholder in the relevant company. Such a situation can foster a conflict of interest when their interests influence one's decision or judgment. Conflict of interest is an extremely important issue because it can infringe the integrity of research, endanger subjects or patients, pose a risk to the public, and deteriorate public perception of science. This brief review explores the definition, examples, and solutions to conflict of interest.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.677-677
• /
• 2007

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2023

The transport properties of membranes used in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) are fundamental in battery performance. High proton conductivity and low vanadium ion permeability must be achieved to achieve high battery performance. However, there is a trade-off relationship between proton conductivity and vanadium ion permeability. So, solving this trade-off relationship is crucial in VRFB development. Also, maintaining high coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency, and energy efficiency is essential for high-performing VRFB. Recently, various attempts have been made, primarily on composite membranes and SPEEK membranes, to overcome the existing limit of Nafion membranes. VRFB is an essential class of rechargeable battery in composite membranes reviewed here.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.165-206
• /
• 2018

Researchers, Institutional Bioethics Committee(IBC)/Institutional Review Board (IRB) members, Research Institutions that have multiple interests in relation to research should ensure that conflicts of interest(COI) do not arise in making professional judgments. In other words, according to the role that must be performed or the obligation to fulfill it, the primary interest, which must be considered or should be prioritized, should not be affected by the secondary interest. Therefore, standards and methods should be prepared so as to prevent and solve the problems of COI that have arisen, and the basic matters on standards and methods should be clearly defined in terms of the law and policy so that all parties such as Researchers can understand and follow them. In order to establish a more realistic legal policy, it is necessary to grasp the current situation. Therefore, I have reviewed results of the questionnaire survey and interview conducted for the administrative staff of IBC/IRB to confirm their opinions on legal policy problems related to COI and countermeasures for resolving them. Also, I have reviewed the main contents of issued by the US Department of Health and Human Services in order to assist in the preparation of domestic legal policy about conflicts of interest. Finally, I have analyzed the present state of domestic legal policy in relation to the Researcher's COI, the IBC/IRB member's COI, and Institutional COI and suggested way to improve it.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.165-176
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we develop the cost minimization model to select two incentives and total order quantity with consideration of remanufacture company's return incentive. Return rate is sensitive to the incentive that the manufacture company offers. Using a EOQ(Economic Order Quantity) model of a cost minimization, we show concavities of the model about two incentives and total order quantity respectively. According to the proposed algorithm using the concavities, we find out the optimized incentive prices and total order quantity. Through numerical study, we examine sensitive analysis of the incentive price and order quantity for each parameter when the return rate is sensitive to incentive. Company lessens incentive to reduce total price. However, this makes the total price increase due to a diminution of return quantity. We expect that domestic or overseas remanufacture businesses are able to decide optimal incentive and total order quantity by this research.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2002

Video server which stores video streams should serve more users with the requested streams rapidly, satisfying their time constraints. However, the number of users supported and the response times for the requested services in video server are in the oppositional relationship with viewpoint of disk throughput. In this paper, we propose new policy that can provide not only rapid responses for the service requests but also increase the number of users supported in the storage system of video server. The policy admits the random movements of disk heads for urgent service requests but maintains the sequential or restricted movements of disk heads and eliminates rewind time of disk heads for less-urgent service requests in storage system of multiple disks environment so that it can not satisfy only the QoS of users but also support more users.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.799-813
• /
• 2011

Increasing mountain biking (MTB) in forest recreation areas is changing the behavioral patterns in the areas where hiking has been a dominant activity, and it may cause ecological and social impacts to the areas. This study examined hikers' perceived conflicts by MTB including the relationship between socio-demographic and visiting characteristics and perceived conflict. On-site survey was conducted in Mudeungsan Provincial Park (MPP), Korea, during September, 2010. Out of 388 hikers participated in the survey, 374 responses were used for data analysis. 30.2% of the respondents encountered or saw MTB (avg.: 1.7 times) in MPP. Overall, 77.1% of respondents thought MTB in MPP was a problem. 73.5%~83.2% of respondents perceived conflict by four major MTB behaviors (e.g., too fast running MTB in trails; MTB bikes occupying trails; MTB bikes passing by hikers too closely; MTB bikers doing unpleasant behaviors to hikers). Based on the type of conflict, 48.5~62.4% of respondents fell in the type of "social values conflict (SVC)", 11.1~32.4%, "interpersonal conflict (IC)", and 16.8~26.6%, "no conflict (NC)", respectively. Types of conflicts were related with sociodemographic (e.g., gender, age, education) and visiting characteristics (e.g., number of visits, experience of encountering MTB). Such relationships were nonexistent in most cases when the "experience of encountering MTB" was controlled.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2002

For many rears, traffic accident statistics are the most direct measure of safety for a signalized intersection. However it takes more than 2 or 3 yearn to collect certain accident data for adequate sample sizes. And the accident data itself is unreliable because of the difference between accident data recorded and accident that is actually occurred. Therefore, it is rather difficult to evaluate safety for a intersection by using accident data. For these reasons, traffic conflict technique(TCT) was developed as a buick and accurate counter-measure of safety for a intersection. However, the collected conflict data is not always reliable because there is absence of clear criteria for conflict. This study developed objective and accurate conflict criteria, which is shown below based on traffic engineering theory. Frist, the rear-end conflict is regarded, when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against the first vehicle within a certain distance, according to car-following theory. Second, lane-change conflict is regarded when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against first vehicle which is changing its lane within the minimum stopping distance of the following vehicle. Third, cross and opposing-left turn conflicts are regarded when the vehicle which receives green sign takes evasive maneuver against the vehicle which lost its right-of-way crossing a intersection. As a result of correlation analysis between conflict and accident, it is verified that the suggested conflict criteria in this study ave applicable. And it is proven that estimating safety evaluation for a intersection with conflict data is possible, according to the regression analysis preformed between accident and conflict, EPDO accident and conflict. Adopting the conflict criteria suggested in this study would be both quick and accurate method for diagnosing safety and operational deficiencies and for evaluation improvements at intersections. Further research is required to refine the suggested conflict criteria to extend its application. In addition, it is necessary to develope other types of conflict criteria, not included in this study, in later study.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
• /
• 1999.08a
• /
• pp.87-103
• /
• 1999

오늘날 지방정부는 지역주민의 삶의 질을 높이기 위하여 환경의 수준을 높임과 동시에 지역경제를 활성화 시켜야 한다는 두 가지의 목표를 균형적으로 달성해야 하는 입장에 처해 있다. 그러나 지역에서의 경제활동과 환경수준 간에는 특정 분야의 산업을 제외하고 일반적으로 상충관계(trade off)가 존재하기 때문에 두 가지 목표를 동시에 달성할 수 있는 정책적 대응은 용이한 일이 아니다.(중략)