• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

The pressure-time histories recorded from blast holes exhibit wide variability depending on the type of explosives used. However, these history curves can generally be divided into the rising and falling branches. This characteristic is valuable for defining the time history of explosion pressure in rock blast modeling. However, the explosion pressure function proposed by Jiang et al. has two shape parameters which are explicitly related to the rise time interval, but not to the fall time interval. Hence, this study derived two conversion relations that can exactly translate given rise and fall time intervals into the shape parameters. Then, the conversion relations were utilized to approximate other pressure functions with the Jiang's function. This allows for greater emphasis on the physically significant rise and fall times, rather than on the pressure function itself, in the context of rock blast modeling.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.233-235
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• 2020

본 논문은 40 kV 나노초 펄스발생을 위한 모듈형 solid-state Marx modulator(SSMM) 설계에 대해 기술한다. 가속기 및 플라즈마 어플리케이션과 같은 다양한 응용분야에 요구되는 전압 및 전류 사양을 만족시키기 위해 10 kV(출력 전압), 50 ns(펄스폭), 20 ns(상승&하강 시간), 100 kHz(반복률)의 사양을 만족하는 단위모듈기반으로 모듈형 설계를 제안한다. 독립적인 제어가 가능한 4개의 단위모듈을 기반으로 제안된 SSMM은 임의의 출력 파워 및 임피던스를 만족시킬 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 예를 들어, 모든 단위모듈의 위상을 같게 했을 때 출력전압을 증가시킬 수 있으며 각 모듈의 위상을 지연하였을 경우는 펄스의 반복률을 크게 높일 수 있다. 개발된 SSMM은 직렬 스택 MOSFET의 스위칭 성능을 향상시키기 위해 게이트 구동 회로는 동기 신호와 구동 전력을 제공하는 1 턴 변압기로 설계되었다. 출력 펄스의 폭과 하강시간을 최소화하기 위해 다이오드 대신 기생 커패시턴스에 저장된 에너지를 빠르게 방출하는 액티브 풀다운 회로가 적용되었다. 또한, 출력 펄스의 빠른 상승을 달성하기 위해 게이트의 라인 인덕턴스를 최소화하고 모든 게이트 신호의 동기화는 필수적이다. 개발된 ns급 펄스전원장치는 단위모듈을 기반으로 최대 펄스전압이 40 kV 까지 출력이 가능하며 이에 대한 상세설계 및 구현은 실험결과를 바탕으로 검증한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.92-96
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 지하수위 변동 분석을 위한 프로그램을 개발하고, 건설교통부에서 설치, 운영하고 있는 169개 국가 지하수 관측소의 264개 지하수관측정에서 측정된 지하수위자료에 적용하였다. 분석결과 암반대수층과 충적층대수층의 평균수위 및 변동양상이 대체적으로 비슷하게 나타났으며, 이는 관측소 설치 지역의 대부분에서 충적층(10m 내외)과 암반층(70m 내외)이 수리적으로 연결되어 있다는 것을 시사한다. 6시간 간격의 지하수위 관측 자료를 이용하여 지하수위가 상승하는 횟수, 상승량의 합계 산정 등 변동양상을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 해양 및 지구 조석의 영향을 받는 관측정의 경우 지하수위 상승 개수가 450개/yr 이상이 대부분이며, 수위 변동량은 0.1 ～ 1m 정도이고, 수위변동 자료를 시계열로 나타내 보면 하루에 약 2번의 상승과 하강을 반복하는 수위변동 형태를 볼 수 있었다. 양수의 영향이 우세한 관측정에서는 수위 상승 개수가 약 360개/yr, 수위 변동량은 1m 이상의 값이 우세하게 나타났다. 지하수위 상승량은 암반/충적 관측정 모든 관측정에서 전반적으로 강수량과의 상관계수가 높았으며, 같은 관측정의 .자료라도 6시간 간격의 관측 자료보다, 12시간 및 24시간 관측 간격으로 분석한 결과에서 상관관계가 더 높게 나타났다. 12시간 및 24시간 관측 간격으로 분석할 경우 조석 및 양수에 의해 발생된 주기적인 지하수위 변동 성분이 제거되면서 강수에 대한 지하수위 반응의 상관도가 높아진 것으로 해석된다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.901-906
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• 1998

Gas and liquid flow characteristics were investigated in an internal circulation airlift reactor using a single nozzle for a gas distributor. In three reactors with different diameters of the downcomer and heights of the riser, the gas holdup in the individual flow zone and the impulseresponse curve of tracer for an air-water system were measured for various gas velocities and reactor heights. Experimental results showed that the flow behavior of bubbles in the riser was the slug flow due to strong coalescences of bubbles and that the bubble flow pattern in the downcomer was the transition bubble flow for the smaller diameter of the downcomer, however, it was the homogeneous bubble flow for the larger one. And mean gas holdups in the individual flow zone and the reactor were greatly increased with decreasing the diameter of the downcomer for the equal ratio of height of the top section to that of the riser. Also, the mixing time was much effected by the height of the top section of reactor and for the equal ratio of height of top section to that of the riser, it was increased with increasing the diameter of the downcomer and the height of the riser. Flow characteristics of liquid were mainly varied with the bubble flow pattern in the downcomer and the size of the top section of reactor. And circulation velocities of liquid in the riser were increased with increasing gas velocities and the size of the top section of reactor, and for the equal ratio of height of top section to that of the riser, they were increased with increasing the diameter of the downcomer and the height of the riser.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1B
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

In the transmitter of optical communication systems, a time-division multiplexer combines several parallel data streams into a single data stream with a high bit rate. In this paper, we design a 4:1 (4-channels) time-division multiplexer using SiGe HBT with emitter size of 2x8um2. The operation speed is 100bps, the rise and fall times of 20-80% are 34ps and 34ps, respectively and the dissipation of power is 1.50W.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2008

This study was to provide for Tippelt technique which was a basic technique used in parallel bars. The program was applied to players for 8 weeks. Then it was analyzed by using 3Dmotion Analysis system to seek the difference between before and after using the program. Moreover establish the improvement and trait for newly made program. The program was made up of down-swing, up-swing and composite connection-phase training. Through down-swing training, shoulder angle made extension and chest closed quickly. As a result, players' performance have improved. Through up-swing training, legs kicking to vertical direction and trunk stood up fastly. As a result, players' performance have improved. When going upward, the center of mass must be in control not to have a lot of movement and hip angle extension using the bar is very positive coaching. When coaching composite connection in training from down-swing to up-swing, must have enough air phase time using center of mass vertically to have extension of leg. As a result, players' performance have improved by having increase of air phase time.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

The effects of sudden changes of water temperature (WT) on the physiological response and hematological characteristics of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined by manipulating WT in a flow through freshwater culture system with tanks. The WT was dropped from $15^{\circ}C$ to $10^{\circ}C$ within 1 hour and then returned to the original water temperature within 12 hours and maintained for 12 hours at the normal WT. The WT stress give continued for 3 days. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose and lactic acid were higher in stress group than that of non-stressed group until 72 hours. However, The $Na^+,\;Cl^-$, osmolality and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels showed no significant differences in two groups. This results in stress group showed that goldfish exhibit "typical" physiological responses (in cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin) to the stress induced by WT changes.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.797-807
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• 2008

For this study, the semi-adiabatic temperature rising test is accomplished by using ternary system cement (OPC, BFS, FA) reducing temperature crack. Two tests are conducted; one is for the paste test, and the other is for the concrete test. As the results of paste tests, using fly ash is better to reduce hydration temperature than doing blast furnace slag. In the case of the paste mixed ternary system cement, the more fly ash is mixed and the less blast furnace slag is used, the lower the temperature is. The less the mixture ratio of blast furnace slag is and the more the mixture ratio of fly ash is, the later the temperature rising velocity and descending velocity are. Besides, the temperature is lower if water/binder ratio is high. The use of ternary system cement has the retardation effect of temperature rising because the time to reach the maximum temperature is in the order of OPC100, binary system cement, and ternary system cement. From the test, the maximum temperature of concrete used ternary system cement is $8{\sim}11^{\circ}C$ lower than that of concrete used OPC100. Moreover, temperatures rising velocity and descending velocity of ternary system cement range $47{\sim}51%$ and $37{\sim}42%$ compared with OPC100. The specimen of concrete shows remarkable low internal temperature and slow temperature rising velocity and descending velocity compared with the specimen of paste because it is that temperature loss of concrete is much more than paste specimen according to aggregates.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.12 no.6 s.48
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• pp.131-135
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• 1997

본 고는 ATM교환기 고온 상태 동작 특성을 시험하기 위하여 온도 조건, 시험 시간, 시험 절차, 시험 방법, 세부 기준, 판정 기준 등을 정한 것으로, 고온 동작 기준은 한국통신 환경 관리기준 및 품질 표준서-4101을 근거로 하였다. 온도 조건은 평균 $49^{\circ}C$를 유지하되 허용편차는 $1^{\circ}C$내외로 시험되어야 하며, 시험 시간은 온도 상승 및 하강 시간과 장애 발생시 고장 조치 시간 등을 포함하여 최대 72시간을 넘지 않아야 하고, 고온 유지시간은 48시간으로 채택한, ATM 교환기 고온 시험 방법과 기준을 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.4A
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• pp.566-572
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• 2000

In the receiver of optical communication systems, a demultiplexer converts to a single data stream with a highbit rate into several parallel data streams with a low bit rate. In this paper, we design a 1:4 demultiplexer using SiGe HBT with emitter size of 2x8um² The operation speed is 10Gbps, the rise and fall times of 20-80% are37ps and 36ps, respectively and the dissipation of power is 1.40W.