• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.23 no.3 s.60
• /
• pp.166-171
• /
• 1984

The present studies were conducted to investigate the relative toxicity of several insecticides to the rice insect pests and the predatious spider, Pirate subpiraticus. In laboratory test by topical application, BPMC and MIPC for the plant and leafhoppers were toxic to Nilaparvata lugens, but less toxic to Pirata subpiraticus. Other carbamate insecticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, and MTMC showed highly toxic effect on P. subpiraticus as well as N. lugens. No organophosphates showed selective toxicity to P. subpiraticus. Thiocyclam, effective to Chilo suppressalis and Sesamia inferens, had highly good selective toxicity to P. subpiraticus. In case of insecticides for Nephotettix cincticeps, BPMC only had a little selective toxicity between N. cincticeps and P. subpiraticus. Organophosphate insecticides which had been reported to induce chemical resistance to N. cincticeps showed high $LD_{50}$ value to N. cincticeps. In pot trials, dust formulation was more toxic to P. subpiraticus than emulsifiable concentrate. It was more toxic to P. subpiraticus to increase number. of insecticide application.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2003

Tannic acid (0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 2.0mg/ml)와 카드뮴(20mg/kg)을 마우스에 경구 투여한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Tannic acid와 카드뮴을 투여한 마우스의 증체량과 음수소비량에 변화가 있었으나, 카드뮴투여에 의한 변화는 tannic acid투여에 의하여 감소되었다. 2. 카드뮴투여에 의하여 간장의 상대중량과 뇌 상대중량이 대조군에 비하여 유의한 변화가 있었으며, tannic acid 1.0mg/ml 투여군에서는 간장의 상대중량, 폐장의 상대중량, 흉선의 상대중량도 유의하게 변화하였다. (P < 0.05) 3. Hemoglobin contents, packed cell volume, platelet count, neutrophill count 등의 혈액학적인 변화는 대조군에 비하여 카드뮴투여군에서 유의한 변화가 인정되었다. 그러나, 이러한 유의한 변화가 tannic acid를 동시 투여한 군에서는 나타나지 않았다. 4. 카드뮴을 투여한 군에서는 혈청학적 변화(ALT, AST, BUN와 creatinine)가 있었으나 tannic acid 0.5, 1.0, 2.0mg/ml을 동시투여한 군에서는 회복되는 경향이 나타났다. 위의 결과로 미루어 카드뮴 투여에 의한 독성이 tannic acid을 2.0 mg/ml/day 이상 4주간 투여하였을 때 경감효과가 나타날 수 있었다. 그러나, 카드뮴과 같은 중금속의 독성에 tannic acid가 어떻게 경감효과를 나타내는지에 관한 작용기전의 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.822-828
• /
• 2005

The photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion was carried out using a circulating $TiO_2$/solar system. Under the photocatalytic condition, parathion was more effectively degraded than by the photolysis or $TiO_2$ only condition. The parathion degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics. With photocatalysis, 10 mg/L parathion was completely degraded within 90 min with a TOC decrease exceeding 63% after 150 min. The nitrogen from parathion was recovered mainly as ${NO_2}^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, and ${NH_4}^+$, 80% of sulfur as ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and less than 5% of phosphorus as ${PO_4}^{3-}$ during photocatalysis. The organic intermediates 4-nitrophenol and paraoxon were also identified, and these were further degraded. Two different bioassays using V. fischeri and D. magna were employed to measure the toxicity reduction in the solutions treated by both photocatalysis and photolysis. Relative toxicity was reduced almost completely after 150 min in both organisms under the photocatalysis, whereas in photolysis, 76 and 57% reduction was achieved for V. fischeri and D. magna, respectively. The acute toxicity reduction pattern corresponded with the decrease in parathion and TOC concentrations.

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
• /
• s.330
• /
• pp.45-46
• /
• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 건축물 내장 재료에 대한 연소독성평가와 독성지수연구로써 FT-IR을 이용한 연소가스분석실험을 하였다. 독성지수를 산정하기 위한 실험의 화재모델로 콘 칼로리미터 화재모델(KS F ISO/TR 9122-4)을 사용하였으며 ISO 19702의 절차에 따라 FT-IR을 이용하여 건축 재료의 연소로부터 발생되는 가스의 분석을 수행하였다. 국제규격에서 제시하고 있는 몇 가지 독성지수 산정법 중 ISO 13344에서 규정하는 방법에 따라 FED 값을 산정하였으며, 30분간 시험동물에 노출 시 대상의 50%가 사망하는 농도인 $LC_{50}$을 기준으로 하여 3가지 재료의 독성지수화를 통해 상대적인 독성 위험도를 평가하였다.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2022

The ecotoxicity test method using Undaria pinnatifida spore is challenging to use throughout the year. Since U. pinnatifida female gametophytes can be cultured in the laboratory, they can be used for ecotoxicity testing at any time. Changes in female gametophyte survival rate and relative growth rate in U. pinnatifida exposed to various environmental conditions were analyzed. The female gametophyte of U. pinnatifida was exposed to salinity (5~40 psu), temperature (5~30℃), pH (4~10), and light intensity (0~120 μmol photon m^-2 s^-1). Based on the highest average value, the survival rate of female gametophyte was highest at a temperature of 20℃, salinity 27.5 psu, pH 8, and light intensity 30 μmol photon m^-2 s^-1. And the relative growth rate was highest at a temperature of 15℃, salinity 35 psu, pH 9, and light intensity of 60 μmol photon m^-2 s^-1. As a result of this study, the method using the optimal conditions for the survival rate and relative growth rate is expected to be a practical test method that can complement the current method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2011

건축법에서 건축마감재료의 연소독성은 설치류(마우스)를 사용한 가스유해성시험으로 평가되고 있다. 최근 동물시험에 대한 최소화 및 대체시험개발의 필요성으로 인해 연소가스의 정량분석을 통한 독성지수연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이미 철도차량에서 적용되고 있는 BS6853의 연소독성평가를 통해 기존 가스유해성시험결과의 상대적인 비교분석을 수행하여, 건축재료의 연소독성평가에 대한 다양한 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.2940-2944
• /
• 2015

Dredged materials for effective use in Hwasun-port pollution analysis, Ni(nickel) in excess of the standard showed that the whole point. However, according to the revised standards effective utilization exceeds the reference value, even if no anthropogenic sources Pearl ratio less than 10% of the average weight of the ecotoxicological tests have passed, and if so it can be used to beach nourishment. Therefore, the average weight ratio of pearl and ecotoxicological tests were conducted by marine environment official test method. Mud to 5.37% of the average weight ratio lower than the reference value of 10% that was investigated. Ecotoxicity test using bioluminescent bacteria relative luminescence inhibition in the 0 to 9.13% with no toxicity was determined using benthic amphipods in the control and the test sample relative to the average survival rate is 0% with no toxicity was determined. Therefore, the revised effective use meets all the criteria that can be used to beach nourishment, so that the suitability was assessed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.356-361
• /
• 2012

Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid derivative found in many foods and beverages. Dietary caffeine may interact with commonly-consumed over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in body. In this study, cytotoxic effects on the intestinal cells by combined treatment of caffeine with several OTC drugs, including ibuprofen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. Cytotoxic effect of caffeine was more potent in normal intestinal INT 407 cells than in colon cancer HCT 116 cells. Relative toxicity of caffeine and the OTC drugs was significantly enhanced in INT 407 cells when treated together. Intracellular thiol levels of the cells treated with the OTC drugs increased in the presence of caffeine. When HCT 116 cells were incubated with each OTC drug after or before caffeine treatment, the relative cytotoxicity of the OTC drugs increased. The present study may provide basic information about possible health effects through the interactions between caffeine and OTC drugs in the intestinal cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 2008

The comparative toxicity of recommended rates of three acaricides, fluacrypyrim, cyflumetofen and spiromesifen to the predatory mite, Neoseiulus womersleyi and its prey, Tetranychus urticae was bioassayed in the laboratory. Fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen were much less toxic to adult females of N. womersleyi than to those of T. urticae. Adult female predators treated with these two acaricides produced $88{\sim}93%$ as many eggs as did control females. Fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen did not affect the hatch of N. womersleyi eggs or the development of surviving immature predators, and $92{\sim}96%$ of immature predators reached adulthood. Spiromesifen at its treated concentration did not significantly affect the survival and reproduction of adult female predators but caused 100% mortality in larvae of N. womersleyi. Adult female predators survived on a diet of spider mites treated with fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen, and their fecundity was not significantly affected. Moreover, immature predators developed normally on prey treated with these two acaricides. The results indicate that fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen are promising candidates for use in integrated mite management programs where N womersleyi is the major natural enemy.