• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.550-562
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• 2008

Background: We attempted to reproduce a previously reported method that is known to be effective for decellularization, and we sought to find the optimal condition for decellularization by introducing some modifications to this method. Material and Method: Porcine semilunar valves, arterial walls and pericardium were processed for decellularization with using a variety of combinations and concentrations of decellularizing agents under different conditions of temperature, osmolarity and incubation time. The degree of decellularization and the preservation of the extracellular matrix were evaluated by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and with alpha-Gal and DAPI in some of the decellularized tissues. Result: Decellularization was achieved in the specimens that were treated with sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodesyl sulfate, Triton X-100 and sodium dodesyl sulfate with Triton X-100 as single-step methods, and this was also achieved in the specimens that were treated with hypotonic solution ${\rightarrow}$ Triton X-100 ${\rightarrow}$ sodium dodesyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate ${\rightarrow}$ hypotonic solution ${\rightarrow}$ sodium dodesyl sulfate, and hypotonic solution sodium dodesyl sulfate as multi-step methods. Conclusion: Considering the number and the amount of the chemicals that were used, the incubation time and the degree of damage to the extracellular matrix, a single-step method with sodium dodesyl sulfate and Triton X-100 and a multi-step method with hypotonic solution followed by sodium dodesyl sulfate were both relatively optimal methods for decellularization in this study.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.269-303
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• 2024

Donghak's teaching, In-nae-cheon, means "humans are divine." It is said, "When humans were formed, God's blessing was required for their formation." Donghak's Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness is based on believing in God, respecting God, and practicing His teachings with utmost sincerity. These are key to implementing In-nae-cheon. On the other hand, the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought, also Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness, appear in a religious sense. These can be distinguished from Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the Donghak moral sense. Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the context of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought goes beyond moral awareness, and calls for belief in God as the Absolute. Accordingly, Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in this context, that of Daesoon Thought, aims at the realization of an Earthly Paradise wherein God's will can be achieved. Humans participating in the construction of Earthly Paradise value the practice of Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness. In Daesoon Thought, it is said that when one exerts sincerity, respect, and faith in God (Sangje), all the blessings and fortune of the Later World, even those of longevity, will be endowed through transformation via effortless action (無爲而化). Accordingly, Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the context of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought is based on God's descent into the world and His Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth (天地公事). This is a religious faith that worships Sangje and is based on the doctrinal dimension of 'guarding against self-deception (毋自欺)' and the philosophical dimension of Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the context of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought. Donghak's In-nae-cheon and the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought can be compared and analyzed. Therefore, in order to clearly compare and analyze the moral significance of Donghak history and the religious meaning of Daesoon Thought, Roderick Ninian Smart's method of religious phenomenology can be actively used. In this way, the ethical and legal dimensions of Donghak's In-nae-cheon and the doctrinal and philosophical dimensions of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought can be compared and analyzed. From this style of research, it can be concluded that the realization of commonly shared spirituality can be an opportunity for greater human dignity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1977

Contents of proline and chloride in halophytes were $80-1700\;{\mu}g/gfw$ and 0.13-0.45 mM/gfw respectively. The content of proline was inversely proportional to that of chloride. Rhizomes of Phargmites communis Trin, a halophyte, were grown in non-saline medium and then taken to saline treatment for one or two weeks. Growth of P. communis was inhibited when salinized with 0.25M NaCl. Total nitrogen decreased and alcohol soluble nitrogen and proline increased when growth was retarded. The quantity of Fraction 1 protein decreased at 0.25M NaCl treatment. The accumulation of proline at high concentration in P. communis suggested that it might play a role in osmotic adjustment.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.2191-2205
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• 1971

In this research, Nong-rim No. 6 was adopted as a test variety of rice. Rice seedlings were transplanted on June 14, 1970. Roots were settled into soil on June 20 and a total number of days irrigated of $21cm{\times}21cm$ and an area of $9.9m^2$ for a test plot were accepted, planting 70 stumps of rice in a test plot. The soil in test plots are classified by soil test as oam, and its chemical contents are as shown in Table 3. Irrigation water was secured by pumping from the Sudun stream that originates at the Suho reservoir. Accordingly, the qualities of irrigation. water are considered to be the same as those of water stored in the Suho reservoir. There were 54 days of intermittent rainfalls in total during the whole 110-day period of irrigation. As a result, it is likely that the growth of rice plants was influenced by rainfall at a comparatively great degree. In order to measure the amounts of water consumption, infiltrometers, measuring devices for the decreases of water depths and lycimeters were provided. As a result of measurements, an average daily rate of infiltration was observed to be 14mm/day. It is expected from this research that the effect of increased yield will be secured by supplying optimum amounts of water for irrigation on proper times, and that the amounts of water consumption for irrigation can be saved by applying suitable irrigation methods. The test results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Yields produced in the test plots of continuous irrigation are lower than those in the test plots of rotational irrigation, i.e., yields produced at the test plots irrigatied once in a period of 8 days are higher by 27% in average than those produced at test plots of continuous irrigation. 2. The amounts of irrigation water for test plots, which have a clay layer of 9cm in thickness and vynil diaphragm without holes, are saved by about 52% in comparison with ordinary test plots. 3. Ears are sprouted 5 days earlier at continuous irrigation plots as compared with other test plots. 4. It seems that there are growing stages of rice plants such as those of forming and sprouting of ears, in which the amounts of irrigation water are consumed more in comparison with the other stages. Therefore, it may be possible to increase of decrease the amount of irrigation water, according to the growing stage of rice plant, so as to save irrigation water.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.925-936
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• 2005

The present study evaluated whether pentoxifylline added to the freezing extender could improve the sperm characteristics and function in canine frozen semen. Also the conception rate following AI with frozen-thawed semen was investigated. The beneficial effects of pentoxifylline supplementation were visible in motility, viability, acrosome reaction, and tail swelling patterns. Especially, highest sperm viability and function were obtained in the forzen semen supplemented with 1mM pentoxifylline. The follicle size measured by ultrasonography was 6.48 mm, 11.52 mm and 8.9 mm on 11, 13 and 15 days after the onset of natural estrus, respectively and ovulation occurred on 13 and 15 days. The pregnancy rates in bitches inseminated with frozen semen on natural and induced estrus were 71.4% and 75.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the pregnancy rates in bitches inseminated with frozen semen following natural and induced estrus, but the litter size was slightly increased in natural cycle.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.183-190
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• 1997

Tocolytics are agents widely used in the treatment of premature labor to inhibit uterine contractions. Ritodrine is most commonly used tocolytic agent and acts by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which decreases the activity of myosin light-chain kinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the signal network leading to contraction. Physiologic effects associated with the use of ritodrine are due to their effect on bera-l as well as beta-2 receptors. Some of maternal complications of therapy are rachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, lactic acidosis, myocardial ischemia, and pulmonary edema. Tocolytics induced pulmonary edema is a serious complication that can lead to marternal death, although infrequent, The incidence varies from 0.5% to 5% of those receiving these agents. Predisposing factors include the concommitant use of corticosteroid, twin gestation, fluid overload (particularly with saline), and anemia. Several mechanisms have been postulated, but the pathogenesis is uncertain. It is suggested that both types of mechanism, hydrostatic and permeability induced, might be involved. The association of tocolytic therapy with pulmonary edema appears to be unique to the pregnant state, because this complication has never been reported in asthmatic patients exposed to high dosages. We report a case of tocolytic induced pulmonary edema developed in 24 hours after delivery.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2017

This study focused on the physiological change of the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae 15 stages, under different acclimation methods up to the endpoint of 4 practical salinity unit (psu). Besides using sea water as the control, two acclimation methods, fast acclimation (50% salinity reduction every 8 hours) and slow acclimation (50% salinity reduction every day), were adapted. Results show that the survival rate, glucose and blood uric nitrogen of each group were not significantly different. However, the ion profile differed according to the acclimation methods. Magnesium and sodium of shrimps acclimated to low salinity in both the methods, showed lower concentration than shrimps at 32 psu sea water. Especially, $Na^+$ concentration, which directly influences the osmolality of shrimp, decreased sharply in the fast acclimated group during the first eight hours (from 32 psu to 16 psu). To reduce acclimation stress, it is recommended to take more than eight hours during the first step for reducing the salinity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.553-559
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• 2004

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of glucono-$\delta$-lacton (GDL) on prolongation of shelf-life on Kimchi. Final concentration of added GDL was determined 0.3% according to the result of sensory evaluation. Chemical characteristics and microbiological parameters were monitored during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$. GDL Kimchi showed the initial sharp decrease in pH and gradually increase of pH due to osmotic pressure and then the pH of GDL Kimchi was slowly decreased compared with that of control Kimchi during fermentation. The acidity of control Kimchi was markedly increased around pH 4.5 by growth of microorganism. Otherwise, GDL Kimchi showed that t]le formation of organic acids was slow and little amount compared with that of control Kimchi. HPLC analysis showed oxalic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, malic acid and succinic acid appeared by fermentation. The production of lactic acid changed a lot in control Kimchi, where as little in GDL Kimchi. Growth of L. mesenteroides at initial stage of Kimchi fermentation was remarkably inhibited by adding 0.3% GDL. It retarded also the growth of L. Plantarum and L. breuis at late stage of Kimchi fermantation and led to reduce the softening of texture and retard over ripening of Kimchi. Tn sensory evaluation of Kimchi, GDL Kimchi showed the similar characteristics to the control Kimchi. This result suggested that GDL can be successfully used for the prolongation of shelf-life and sensory evaluation on Kimchi.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

Fresh water is an important resource for humans, and pressure-driven membrane technology has been widely known as an energy-efficient method to obtain water resource. However, membrane fouling phenomenon, which is one of the major issue during operation, deteriorates membrane permeability. These fouling is usually affected by interaction between surface of membrane and various foulants, therefore, modification of membrane's surface is one of the methods to improve fouling-resistance. This review focuses on the method to modify surface of pressure-driven membranes such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO). Specifically, there are two different surface modification methods: (1) adsorption and coating as the physical modification methods, (2) cross-linker, free radical polymerization (FRP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), plasma/UV-induced polymerization as the chemical modification methods. This review introduces the physico - chemical surface modification methods reported in recent papers and suggests research directions for membrane separation which can increase membrane fouling resistance.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

Experiments were performed to find out the physico-chemical properties of milt and sperm motility in various storage conditions using starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). The average sperm concentration and spermatocrit in stripped milt were $6.00{\pm}0.98{\times}10^8/mL\;and\;72{\pm}5$, respectively. The osmolality and pH were $337{\pm}9mmol/kg$ and $7.7{\pm}0.1$, respectively. The sperm of starry flounder was preserved with artificial seminal plasma (ASP), Stein's solution (SS) and marine fish Ringer's solution (MFRS) at $0^{\circ}C,\;2^{\circ}C,\;and\;4^{\circ}C$. The most effective condition for cold storage was SS at $0^{\circ}C$, and the preserved sperm remained motile for 30 days.