• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2016

In Korea, the government has invested the installation of artificial reefs (ARs) which deploying to enhance the restoration of marine environment and productivity on the coastal area at the part of 222,627ha, from 1971 to 2014 for 44 years. The number of ARs are gradually increasing, while their comparison and corelation analysis were not much studied. Therefore, this study is to analyse temporal variation of ARs which composed of concrete named the Horn triangle reefs were deployed at Pohang, Jangkil-ri, a depth of 5 to 7m, in 2003, was monitored 4 times from 2009 to 2011. In results, the biodiversity investigated that the dominant species was Mollusca Omphalius pfeifferi except in 2009. The different species mainly depend on spatial-temporal variation. In this type of study can be used to the R&D, management and government policy of ARs as well improving marine environment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 1996

A new species of Asiasarum, a new forma of A. sieboldii and a new forma of A. heterotropoides var. mandschuricum were found at the central part of Korea. The taxa of new plants are as follows: Asiasarum koreanum J. Kim et C. Yook sp. nov.; Asiasarum heterotropoides var. mandschuricum Maximowicz for. glabrata C. Yook, J. Kim et J. Nam f. nov.; Asiasarum sieboldii Miquel for. chungbuensis C. Yook et J. Kim f. nov. (Aristolochiaceae)

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.383-403
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive nerve cells in the diagonal band of Broca of the rat basal forebrains, utilizing techniques of immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical microscopy. The ChAT-immunoreactivities were shown within neuronal cell bodies and processes by the light micoscope. According to cell shape and ratio of long axis vs short axis of cell body, the ChAT-immunoreaclive nerve cells in both vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca were classified into 6 types. at the light microscopic level; round, oval, elongated, fusiform, triangular and polygonal types. As a result of the electron microscopic observation, the ChAT-immunoreactivated products appeared on the outer nuclear envelope, membranes of rough endoplasmic reticula (rER), free ribosomes and polysomes. Each cell type was subdivided into subtype I and II according to the several criteria such as volume of cell body, nuclear size relative to the cytoplasm, kinds and distribution of cell organelles and numbers and sorts of synapses. The subtype I of immnunoreactive nerve cells had large cell body and a small nucleus showing shallow indentations of nuclear evelope. In this subtype I with abundant cytoplasm, rER were well differentiated. Their long cisternae were parallelly ditributed and lamellated. One or two lamellar bodies and nematosomes were observed. The subtype II cell had small cell body and a large nucleus with deep indentations of nuclear envelope. In this subtype II with small cytoplasm, the rER were irregularly distributed and the lamellar body and nematosome were not found. A few axosomatic synapses in the subtype I and II were shown to be symmetric or asymmetric. The ratios of the symmetric synapse to the asymmetric one were investigated to be 1 : 2 and 1 : 4 in the subtype I and II, respectively. The axodendritic ones were almost asymmetric. But, the fusiform and triangular immunoreactive nerve cells were shown only to be subtype I. According to observations in this study, it is considered that the ultrastructural characterization in the 2 subtypes of each cell type may reflect the differences of the metabolic activities and projecting distances to the target cells.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2022

Various studies are being actively conducted to show that the real-time visualization technology that combines BIM (Building Information Modeling) and AR (Augmented Reality) helps to increase construction management decision-making and processing efficiency. However, when large-capacity BIM data is projected into AR, there are various limitations such as data transmission and connection problems and the image cut-off issue. To improve the high efficiency of visualizing, a mesh optimization algorithm based on the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification framework to reconstruct BIM data is proposed in place of existing mesh optimization methods that are complicated and cannot adequately handle meshes with numerous boundaries of the 3D models. In the proposed algorithm, our target BIM model is optimized with the Unity C# code based on triangle centroid concepts and classified using the KNN. As a result, the algorithm can check the number of mesh vertices and triangles before and after optimization of the entire model and each structure. In addition, it is able to optimize the mesh vertices of the original model by approximately 56 % and the triangles by about 42 %. Moreover, compared to the original model, the optimized model shows no visual differences in the model elements and information, meaning that high-performance visualization can be expected when using AR devices.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2012

It is usual for test data generation to be performed using either high-level specifications or source codes written in high-level programming languages. In certain circumstances, however, such information is not always available. This paper presents a technique that generates test data based on executable object codes. The proposed technique makes use of a very simple function minimization technique without sophisticated object code analysis and produces test data dynamically. We have conducted a simple experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed test data generation technique with a triangle classification program to show that branch coverage can be easily achieved.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.2486-2491
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• 2013

There are invisible defects by naked eyes in ceramic material images such as internal stomata, cracks and foreign substances. In this paper we propose a method to detect and extract such defects from ceramic pipe weld zone by applying ART2 learning. In pre-processing, we apply Ends-in Search Stretching to enhance the intensity and then perform fuzzy binarization with triangle type membership function followed by enhanced ART2 that interacts with random input patterns to extract such invisible defects. The experiment verifies that this proposed method is sufficiently effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06b
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• pp.184-187
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 터치 제스처의 인식을 위해 시도된 여러 방법 중 테이블탑 디스플레이상에서 HMM을 이용한 제스처의 학습과 사용에 대해 제안한다. 터치 제스처는 제스처의 획(stroke)에 따라 single stroke와 multi stroke로 분류할 수 있다. 그러므로 제스처의 입력은 영상프레임에서 터치 궤적에 따라 변하는 방향 벡터를 이용하여 방향코드로 분석될 수 있다. 그리고 분석된 방향코드를 기계학습을 통하여 학습시킨 후, 인식실험에 사용한다. 제스처 인식 학습에는 총 10개의 제스처에 대하여 100개 방향코드 데이터를 이용하였다. 형태를 갖추고 있는 제스처는 미리 정의되어 있는 제스처와 비교를 통하여 인식할 수 있다. (4 방향 드래그, 원, 삼각형, ㄱ ㄴ 모양 >, < ) 미리 정의되어 있는 제스처가 아닌 경우에는 기계학습을 통하여 사용자가 의미를 부여한 후 제스처를 정의하여 원하는 제스처를 선택적으로 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 테이블탑 디스플레이 환경에서 사용자의 터치제스처를 인식하는 시스템을 구현하였다. 앞으로 테이블탑 디스플레이 환경에서 터치 제스처 인식에 적합한 알고리즘을 찾고 멀티터치 제스처를 인식하는 연구도 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2004

It is important for designers to be supported with their decision-making on colours which is often based on personal distinction rather than logical dialogue that may lead to confusion within communicating with others. To help these problems and to gain productivity, we would like to propose a way to define colour grouping method. In other words, the purpose of this study is to help to improve the communication and productivity within the design and designers. The grouping was based and inspired by from the studies of Kobayashi, Hideaki Chijiawa, Allis Westgate and Martha Gill. The study of grouping is based on the "tones" of each group, as they seem to reflect a designer s sentimentalism of chosen colours the best. Each of these groups will be named Bright , Pastel ,Deep and Neutral The general concept of each groups are: - Bright: high quality of pixels of primary colour - Pastel: primary colour with white - - Deep: Primary colour with gray or black - Neutral: colours that does not include any of above Each of the colour group has been allocated into Si-Hwa Jung's colour charts and colour prism to visualize the relationships between the colour groups. These four groups and the colours included in them will be broken down to smaller groups in order to make colour palette. This would break the barrier and result in using colours in groups as well as crossover coordination. This study would result in new ways of using colurs for designers designers

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

In this paper, we present a prism-based mesh culling method to improve effectiveness of continuous collision detection which is a major bottleneck in a simulation using polygonal mesh models. A prism is defined based on two matching triangles between a sequence of times m a polygonal model. In order to detect potential colliding set(PCS) of prism between two polygonal models in a unit time, we apply the visibility test based on the occlusion query to two sets of prisms which are defined from two polygonal models in a unit time. Moreover, we execute the narrow band culling based on SAT(Separating Axis Test) to define potential colliding prism pairs from PCS of prisms extracted as a result of the visibility test. In the SAT, we examine one axis to be perpendicular to a plane which divides a 3D space into two half spaces to include each prism. In the experiments, we applied the proposed culling method to pairs of polygonal models with the different size and compared the number of potential colliding prism pairs with the number of all possible prism pairs of two polygonal models. We also compared effectiveness and performance of the visibility test-based method with those of the SAT-based method as the second narrow band culling. In an experiment using two models to consist of 2916 and 2731 polygons, respectively, we got potential colliding prism pairs with 99 % of culling rate.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.371-402
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• 2018

The researchers set up a research question to find out how to teach the concept of a right triangle through classification activities after listening to the conversations of fellow teachers about the recently revised textbooks. First, a questionnaire was created to confirm the objectivity of the research problem, data were collected through online and offline, and interviews were conducted with some of the respondents. As a result, it confirmed that there was a considerable difference in the perception of the research study about the direction of revising the curriculum called 'student participation centered' and 'the possibility of achieving the learning objective'. Then, we analyzed the critical interpretations used in the third grade math textbook Lesson 2. 'Plane Figure' part 4 and 5. Finally, by analyzing the results of the recognition analysis and textbook analysis, we proposed two learning methods which can link the triangle classification activity and the right triangle concept. Based on the results of the research, we obtained suggestions that a teaching should be made regarding that the classification process may be changed according to the student's prior knowledge and the process of classification activities may be different according to the viewpoint and classification criteria.