• Title/Summary/Keyword: 살충제저항성

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Seasonal fluctuation of susceptibility of the green peach aphid to insecticides in Chinese cabbage field (포장에서 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae Sulzer)의 계절적 변동에 따른 약제 감수성)

  • ;Naoki Motoyama
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.218-221
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    • 1993
  • Sensitivities of insecticides and their seasonal variation were investigated against Myzus persicae. Some aphicides such as malathion were not effective on Myzus persicae in Chinese cabbage field. Difference of seasonal sensitivity was from I time to 16 times.

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Comparative Study of Toxicological Methods and Field Resistance to Insecticides in Diamondback moth(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella L.)의 독성시험방법 비교와 지역별 약제저항성에 관한 연구)

  • 이승찬;조영식;김도익
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.323-329
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    • 1993
  • These studies were conducted to evaluate the five comparative test methods for detecting chemical resistance and to investigate resistant level of field populations of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). Leaf disc method was practically rocomrnendable because of its rapidity and low CV(l1.4%). Topical application method was a precise replicabiliLy(CV=8.00/0) but it was time consuming and difficult in mampulation. The other 3 methods showed higher CV ranging from 14.9% to 21.4%. Based on $LC_{50}$ values by topical application method, field populations of diamondback moth collected from 4 different regions, Kwangju, Kimhae, Jeju, and Inje to prothiofos showed from 3.3 to 61.1 times higher resistance than the susceptible strain, whereas to cypermethrin, Lhey were from 7.5 to 141.7 times higher than the susceptible. To cartap hydrochloride, they showed from 10.5- to 33.3-fold resistant levels as high as the susceptible. Finally, based on $LC_{50}$ values to Bacillus thuringiensis by leaf disc technique, the resistant levels of the field populations were from 1.9 Lo 8.1 times as compared to the susceptible.

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An Integrated Biological Control Using an Endoparasitoid Wasp (Cotesia plutellae) and a Microbial Insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (배추좀나방에 대한 프루텔고치벌과 미생물농약의 통합생물방제)

  • Kim, Kyusoon;Kim, Hyun;Park, Young-Uk;Kim, Gil-Hah;Kim, Yonggyun
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2013
  • All tested Korean populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, are known to be resistant especially against pyrethroid insecticides by mutation in its molecular target, para-sodium channel. Moreover, P. xylostella is able to develop resistance against most commercial insecticides. This study was performed to develop an efficient control technique against P. xylostella by a combined treatment of an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, and a microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis. To investigate any parasitism preference of C. plutellae against susceptible and resistant P. xylostella, five different populations of P. xylostella were compared in insecticide susceptibilities and parasitism by C. plutellae. These five P. xylostella populations showed a significant variation against three commercial insecticides including pyrethroid, organophosphate, neonicotinoid, and insect growth regulator. However, there were no significant differences among five P. xylostella populations in their parasitic rates by C. plutellae. Moreover, parasitized larvae of P. xylostella showed significantly higher susceptibility to B. thuringiensis. As an immunosuppressive agent, viral ankyrin genes (vankyrins) encoded in C. plutellae were transiently expressed in nonparasitized larvae. Expression of vankyrins significantly enhanced the efficacy of B. thuringiensis against the third instar larvae of P. xylostella. Thus an immunosuppression induced by C. plutellae enhanced the insecticidal efficacy of B. thuringiensis. These results suggest that a combined treatment of C. plutellae and B. thuringiensis may effectively control the insecticide-resistant populations of P. xylostella.

Seasonal fluctuation of Carboxylesterase activity in field collected populations of the green peach aphid (Carboxyl Esterase의 활성측정에 의한 복숭아혹진딧물, Myzus persicae S.의 살충제포장저항성도의 계절적변동)

  • ;;Naoki Motoyama
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.348-353
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    • 1993
  • The fluctuation of insecticide resistance in the green peach aphid (GPA) in fields was investigated by caboxy1 esterase (CE) activity index analysis. Of the GP A Populations occurred on the red pepper seedlings, aphids in the untreaLed and treaLed with acephate plots showed 40 and 78 resistance percent (RP), respectively. Aphids in the untreated kale field showed the RP value 24 in July, contrast to 83 in October. Mean RPs of aphids from 18 localities were 50 + 14 in summer and B2+ 10 in late fall, indicating a seasonal fluctuation of Lhe CE activity.

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Studies on Resistance to Organophosphorus Insecticide in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens $St{\aa}l$ (II) Difference of the Biochemical Characteristic (벼멸구의 유기인계(有機燐系) 살충제저항성(殺蟲劑抵抗性)에 대(對)하여(II) 생화학적특성(生化學的特性) 비교(比較))

  • Kim, Jeong-Wha;Hwang, Tae-Gu
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.26 no.3 s.72
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 1987
  • This experiment was carried out to evaluate the difference in the biochemical characteristic of the brown planthoppers of the insecticide risistant, susceptible strains and their hybrid progenies. Activity of the esterase isozyme separated by electrophoresis method was remarkably high in the resistant strain as compared with the susceptible strain. Esterase activity between the insecticide-treated strains and the non-insecticide strains was not degraded in the resistant strain and the $F_1$, but remarkably degraded in the susceptible strain. The increase of esterase activity was associated with the development of resistance, and that was inherited with a dominant gene.

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Management of the Development of Insecticide Resistance by Sensible Use of Insecticide, Operational Methods (실행방식 측면에서 살충제의 신중한 사용에 의한 저항성 발달의 관리)

  • Chung, Bu-Keun;Park, Chung-Gyoo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.123-158
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    • 2009
  • An attempt was made to stimulate future research by providing exemplary information, which would integrate published knowledge to solve specific pest problem caused by resistance. This review was directed to find a way for delaying resistance development with consideration of chemical(s) nature, of mixture, rotation, or mosaics, and of insecticide(s) compatible with the biological agents in integrated pest management (IPM). The application frequency, related to the resistance development, was influenced by insecticide activity from potentiation, residual period, and the vulnerability to resistance development of chemical, with secondary pest. Chemical affected feeding, locomotion, flight, mating, and predator avoidance. Insecticides with negative cross-resistance by the difference of target sites and mode of action would be adapted to mixture, rotation and mosaic. Mixtures for delaying resistance depend on each component killing very high percentage of the insects, considering allele dominance, cross-resistance, and immigration and fitness disadvantage. Potential disadvantages associated with mixtures include disruption of biological control, resistance in secondary pests, selecting very resistant population, and extending cross-resistance range. The rotation would use insecticides in high and low doses, or with different metabolic mechanisms. Mosaic apply insecticides to the different sectors of a grid for highly mobile insects, spray unrelated insecticides to sedentary aphids in different areas, or mix plots of insecticide-treated and untreated rows. On the evolution of pest resistance, selectivity and resistance of parasitoids and predator decreased the number of generations in which pesticide treatment is required and they could be complementary to refuges from pesticides To enhance the viability of parasitoids, the terms on the insecticides selectivity and factors affecting to the selectivity in field were examined. For establishment of resistant parasitoid, migration, survivorship, refuge, alternative pesticides were considered. To use parasitoids under the pressure of pesticides, resistant or tolerant parasitoids were tested, collected, and/or selected. A parasitoid parasitized more successfully in the susceptible host than the resistant. Factors affecting to selective toxicity of predator are mixing mineral oil, application method, insecticide contaminated prey, trait of individual insecticide, sub-lethal doses, and the developmental stage of predators. To improve the predator/prey ratio in field, application time, method, and formulation of pesticide, reducing dose rate, using mulches and weeds, multicropping and managing of surroundings are suggested. Plant resistance, predator activity, selective insect growth regulator, and alternative prey positively contributed to the increase of the ratio. Using selective insecticides or insecticide resistant predator controlled its phytophagous prey mites, kept them below an economic level, increased yield, and reduced the spray number and fruits damaged.

Activity of Mixed Function Oxidase in a few Insect Species in Relation to Their Food Source (먹이종류에 따른 몇가지 곤충의 MFO활성 비교)

  • 이정호;부경생
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.291-299
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    • 1993
  • Midgut tissues from 4 insect specIes were exammed for the activity of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, a major enzyme involved in chemical detoxification. When Helicoverpa assulta larvae were reared on an artificial d;et, the specific activity of the midgut cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MFO) was :3 times higher than that of the fat body, The specific activity of the midgut cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases was higher in H. assul/a larvae when reared on Nicotiana tabacum leaves than when on CapsIcum annuum fruits or an artificial diet. In the case of Hyphantria cunea larvae, Tilia megaphyllo leaves were the best in inducing midgut cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases activity. When larvae of H. assulta, Spodoptera exigua, H. cunea and Spodoptera litura were reared on their own artificial diet, the highest activity was seen in S. exigua larvae which is a polyphagous and insecticide-resistant strain.

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Resistance of Diamondback Moth(Plutella xylostella L.) against the Pyrethroids (피레스로이드제에 대한 배추좀나방의 포장약제저항성의 변동)

  • 송승석
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.338-344
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    • 1992
  • This test has been carried out to clear the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides to the Diamond back moth, that was complained by a farmer. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Effectiveness of Pyrethroids to suceptable strain and the results of chemical anaysis on the ingredients of pyrethroikds were normal at recommended concentrations. The effect ualue of pyrethroid by which the blocks were only one time treated was 57-59%, whereas the blocks sprayed 4 consecutive times of pyrethroid didn't show any effectiveness as shown in larval increasing rate of 489-552%. Among the results of field test conducted from 1990 to 1991 at 7 area, Dae Gu area showed the highest Effectiveness as 95-98%. However, Pyong Taek area, showed the least effectiveness as 0% in effect value. The resistant population which was collected at Tae kwan Ryung area was resurrected susceptability as much as JMC, in case of Placing it in non-treatment environment, whereas the pupulation which was revealed to pyrethroids for 6 genetations showed as much as 341-544 times of resistance compared with JMC. The non-effectiveness of pyrethroids to Diamondback moth which was complainted by a certain farmer named Mr Ju, was clearly resulted by the development of insect resistance. In Korea, the resistance of Diamondback moth to pyrethroids has developed in some area, as well as the resistance of pyrethroids has developed according to the continuous use of Insecticides, and the susceptability resurrected by stopping the use of pyrethroids. The result from this test would suggest that the pyrethroid insecticides should be applied in turb with other insecticides.

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