• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1969

Various methods for the isolation of salmonellae were compared by examining mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of 395 pigs at slaughter. The conclusions were as follows. (i) Tetrathionate broth was significantly superior to selenite broth for the examination of mesenteric lymph nodes. (ii) There was no significant difference between tetrathionate broth and selenite broth for the examination of faeces. The use of both tetrathionate broth and selenite broth as enrichment media for faeces produced far better results than the use of any single enrichment medium. (iii) Brilliant green agar was significantly superior to SS agar for the examination of mesenteric lymph nodes. (iv) There was no significant difference between brilliant green agar and SS agar when faeces were examined. The use of both media produced far better results than the use of either singly. (v) Brilliant green MacConkey broth was much inferior to tetrathionate broth as an enrichment broth. Direct culture of faeces on brilliant green MacConkey agar yielded less isolates than prior enrichment in tetrathionate or selenite broth. (vi) The optimum incubation period of enrichment was 24 hours for faeces and 48 hours for mesenteric lymph nodes when either tetrathionate broth or selenite broth was used as enrichment media.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.4 s.426
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• pp.72-75
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• 2005

1994년에 제정된 종계장위생관리요령과 1999년에 고시되었던 추백리 방역실시요령이 폐지되고 종계장$\cdot$부화장방역관리요령이 새롭게 만들어져 2004년 12월에 고시되었으며, 이중 검사시기, 검사방법 및 판정기준 등이 올 5월 1일부터 전면 시행될 예정이다. 이번에 제정 고시된 방역관리요령은 종계장$\cdot$부화장의 효율적인 방역관리와 추백리$\cdot$가금티푸스의 사전예방을 통해 양계농가에 건강한 병아리를 공급하기 위함이며, 이 고시에 수록된 주요 내용을 보면 추백리 및 가금티푸스에 감염된 종계군의 종계사용금지, 채혈시기 및 횟수, 종계혈청검사방법(급속전혈평판응집반응법, 효소면역법), 양성계군의 판단기준, 부화장에서 백세미용 알 및 병아리의 거래기록 작성 등이 새롭게 제시된 점이다. 종계장 및 부화장방역관리요령의 시행에 앞서 종계장 및 부화장에서의 살모넬라 감염증에 대한 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 방역관리에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

This survey was performed to investigate avian salmonellosis from broiler farms in Namwon area for 4 years. The whole samples from farms were 541 and chicken samples were 294. Out of 294, 83 cases were identified with avian salmonellosis for 4 years by various serological and biochemical tests. There was no outbreak of pullorum disease, but fowl typhoid occurred in 36 farms. The outbreak of avian salmonellosis occurred continuously regardless of seasons throughout the year. Avian salmonellosis mostly happened within 10 days of age which were 52 cases(63%). The selection of susceptible antibiotics has changed from Quinoline group in 2000 to amoxacillin + clavulanic acid(AmC).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of a combination of C. rhizoma, L. Flos, and P japonica (1:1:1) extracts (CLP1000) and a combination of the herbal extract mixture and dioctahedral smectite (CLPS1000) against murine salmonellosis. At the concentration of CLP1000 and CLPS1000 0.5 mg/ml, the antibacterial effect was not showed on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). On the other hand, the antibacterial effect against S. typhimurium was observed at the concentration of CLP1000 and CLPS1000 1.0 mg/ml. Oral administration of Smectite, CLPl000, and CLPS1000 at the dose of 10 mg/ml showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of Smectite, CLP1000 and CLPS1000-treated mice was 90%, 90%, and 70% at 12 days, respectively, while that of untreated mice was 100% at 9 days after a lethal dose of S. typhimurium infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that CLPS1000 has potential as an effective of salmonellosis.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.4 no.3 s.29
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• pp.92-97
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• 1972

B.S.Pomeroy 박사의 산란계 질병에 대한 예방과 치료약품을 소개함과 아울러 현재 국내에서 발생되는 질병명 및 시판되는 약약품등을 필자의 편의대로 설명하였다. 국내에서 발병되는 질병명은 한국가금협회 산란계 능력검정시(1971.8.1$\~$1972.1.31)안양 가축위생연구소에 의뢰한 가검물의 진단을 참고로 한 것인데 요약하면 CRD, 마렉병, 곰팡이성폐렴, 살모넬라 균증, 류코싸이토준증, 임파구성백혈병, 지방과자등, 대장균증, 뇨산침착증, 간파열증, 장염, 비특이성장염, 혈종, 탈홍등이다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.208-219
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• 2018

Emergence of drug resistant strains of Salmonella enterica threatens milk processing and related dairy industries, thereby increasing the need for development of new anti-bacterials. Developments of antibacterial drugs are largely aimed to target the bacterial envelope, but screening their efficacy on bacterial envelope is laborious. This study presents a potential biosensor for envelope-specific stress in which a gfp reporter gene fused to spy gene encoding a periplasmic chaperone protein Spy (spheroplast protein y) that can sense envelope stress signals transduced by two major two-component signal transduction systems BaeSR and CpxAR in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and S. Gallinarum. Using spy-gfp operon fusions in S. Enterititis and S. Gallinarum, we found that spy transcription in both serovars was greatly induced when Salmonella cells were forming the spheroplast and were treated with ethanol or a membrane-disrupting antibiotic polymyxin B. These envelope stress-specific inductions of spy transcription were abrogated in mutant Salmonella lacking either BaeR or CpxR. Results illustrate that induction of Spy expression can be efficiently triggered by two-component signal transduction systems sensing envelope stress conditions, and thereby suggest that monitoring the spy transcription by spy-gfp operon fusions would be helpful to determine if developing antimicrobials can damage envelopes of S. Enteritidis and S. Gallinarum.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1987

An epizootic of calf diarrhea occurred in an extensive dairy farm located in Gangwondo province in December of 1985. The patients showing fever, chills, complete anorexia and watery diarrhea sometimes dysentery were concentrated among the calves ranged from 8 days to 3 months old and many of them died in acute course. The five carcases were examined by pathological and bacteriological means. The predominant gross lesions were edematous swelling of the mesenteric lymph nodes, profuse catarrhal or diphtheritic enteritis and extensive purulent bronchopnenomonia or lobar fibrinous pneumonia. Microscopically the lesions of the liver and spleen were characterized by coagulative necrotic foci and granulomatous nodules. The spleen and lymph node showed also proliferative changes of reticular cells and involution of intestinal lymphatic nodules were noticed. The strains of Salmonella(S) species isolated from the liver, spleen, bile juice, peritoneal fluid and thoracic fluid were identified serologically as S. dublin. These clinical and pathological findings of the disease were those of acute enteritis form of salmonellosis and characterized by high morbidity and mortality among the calf herd. The report also signifies the first description of an epizootic of bovine salmonellosis caused by S. dublin in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 2017

Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium is highly contagious, and its infection may rapidly spread within pig populations of herd. According to the survey (1,191 pigs) from 2003 to 2012, 155 pigs (13.0%) were diagnosed as salmonellosis in Jeju. Major porcine salmonellosis cases (88.4%) were concentrated in 4- to 12-week-old weaned pigs, but 6 pigs (3.9%) under 4 weeks old were also diagnosed. Based on the histopathologic examinations, ulcerative enteritis (63.9%) in the large intestine and/or paratyphoid nodules formation (57.4%) in the liver were most prevalent lesions in porcine salmonellosis. Single infection of S. Typhimurium and mixed infection with more than 2 pathogens were detected in 38 (24.5%) and 117 (75.5%) in pigs, respectively. Co-infections of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Porcine circovirus type 2 were very common in porcine salmonellosis in Jeju and detected in 84 (54.2%) and 59 (38.1%) pigs, respectively. Based on the serotyping tests using 41 bacterial isolates, S. Typhimurium and S. Rissen were confirmed in 39 (95.1%) and 2 (4.9%) cases, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.111-119
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• 2010

Salmonella spp. are one of major pathogens for zoonosis in worldwide, and can replicate within host cells and generally cause enterocolitis and foodborne poisoning which represents a considerable public health burden. The present study was designated to investigate the safty for host cells, antibacterial effects of Saururus chinensis Baill water extract (SCWE) on pure culture and infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) in murine derived macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The different treatment of SCWE concentration (1, 10 or $100{\mu}g/ml$) did not show any cytotoxic effect to RAW 264.7 cells for 24 h incubation. In determination of antibacterial activity of SCWE against S. typhimurium, bacterial viability was markedly decreased compared to SCWE-untreated control. In RAW 264.7 cells, SCWE significantly induced morphological change (p<0.05). In infection assay of S. typhimurium in RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SCWE, which are non-cytotoxic concentration, bacterial uptake ability of macrophage was increased corresponding with morphological change, whereas bacterial survival rates within macrophage was markedly reduced comparing to that of SCWE-untreated control. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) production in SCWE-treated cells was slightly decreased until 24 h post infection. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that SCWE have the antibacterial activity for S. typhimurium and the protective effects against S. typhimurium infection through activating murine macrophage independent on NO, suggesting that SCWE were beneficial on the disease caused by intracellularly replicating pathogens as a safe alternatives of conventional chemotherapies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

Salmonellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis that causes a variety of disease syndromes, self-limited enteritis to fatal infection in animals and food-borne infection and typhoid fever in humans. Recently, the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Salmonella spp. causes more serious problems in environment and public health. The present study was investigated the antibacterial effect of Houttuynia cordata ethanol extract(HCEE) for murine salmonellosis. In the cytotoxic effect of HCEE on RAW 264.7 cells, there was no detectable effect with any concentrations between 25 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ after 8 h incubation. The bacteriocidal effect of HCEE was not showed on a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium(S. typhimurium). HCEE makes morphological change of the RAW 264.7 cells, and there was significant decreased bacterial uptake and intracellular replication within Salmonella infected cells. And further nitric oxide(NO) production of Salmonella infected RAW 264.7 cells with HCEE was decreased comparing to RAW 264.7 cells without HCEE until 8 h post infection. Oral administration of HCEE showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of HCEE treated mouse was 80% until 12 days, while that of HCEE untreated mouse was 100 % until 8 days after lethal dose of S. typhimurium infection. These data suggested that HCEE has a potency treatment for intracellular replicative pathogen including salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, listeriosis etc., and the application of HCEE makes new strategies for safety medicine development without antibiotic resistance bacterial appearance and residue problem in food and solves the public health problem from antibiotic mis- and over use.