• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2013

Purpose: This prospective cohort study was done to investigate recall bias to antepartum variables measured at postpartum periods and predictors of postpartum depression. Methods: Participants were 215 women who answered a self-administered questionnaire which included demographics, Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised and Korean version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at antepartum 36-40 weeks and postpartum 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using kappa, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression. Results: Agreement between antepartum variables at both antepartum and two postpartum periods was relatively high (${\kappa}$=.55- .95). Postpartum depression rates were 36.3% and 36.7% at two follow-up points. In hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis, prenatal depression (OR=4.32, 95% CI: 1.41-13.19; OR=5.19, 95% CI: 1.41-19.08), social support (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66; OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53) and maternity blues (OR=4.75, 95% CI: 1.89-11.98; OR=4.22, 95% CI: 1.60-11.12) were commonly associated with postpartum depression at two follow-up points. Child care stress (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.01-3.37) was only associated with postpartum depression at 2 weeks postpartum and pregnancy intendedness (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.09-2.27) was only associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: The results indicate a need to apply nursing interventions such as prenatal education and counseling with families from antenatal period.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

Background : Some reports have suggested that decreased nitric oxide metabolites($NO_x$) and activity of nitric oxide synthase could be related to the pathophysiology of depression. We evaluated plasma levels of $NO_x$ in pregnant women with and without postpartum depression at prenatal and postnatal period. Methods : The plasma concentrations of $NO_x$ were measured in 104 pregnant women in the third trimester and at 6 weeks postpartum and in 64 normal controls. The severity of depression and anxiety was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and Beck Anxiety Scale(BAI). Results : Plasma $NO_x$ levels at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly lower in cases of postpartum major depression(EDPS scores${\geq}$13 points) than in cases without depression(EDPS scores${\leq}$9 points). Plasma $NO_x$ levels had significantly negative correlation with EPDS scores at 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusion : We demonstrate that decreased plasma $NO_x$ is associated with postpartum depression. Further studies are required to determine whether individual serum concentration of plasma $NO_x$ alone could predict maternal depression.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.12 s.415
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• pp.8-9
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• 2003

이집트 미라 방부 비밀은 참죽나무 기름/ 英 생거센터 DNA 염기분석 20억쌍 돌파/ 산후 우울증, 아이 공격적 성격 원인/ 익룡, 새보다 동작 더 빨랐다/ 줄기세포로 청각 모세포 생성/ 인슐린 · 호르몬 조절로 선충 수명 6배 연장/ 자동 약물투여 마이크로칩 개발/ 소행성 '헤르메스' 66년만에 재관측

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.203-220
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• 2011

The study is aimed at examining the interaction between mothers with high postpartum depression tendencies and their 6 to 8 month old infants. Thirty pairs of infants and mothers with high depression tendencies and another 30 pairs of infants and mothers with low depression scores on the EPDS and K-PSI were selected as the final research subjects from a total of 185 mother-child pairs. They visited a laboratory and agreed to a video-recording which focussed on their infant-mother interaction for approximately 30 minutes. In conclusion, the group of mothers with high depression tendencies showed less positive, and more intrusive interactions and their infants displayed less responsive, less positive expressions than the group of mothers with low depression tendencies. This study is meaningful in that it represents a rare attempt at a qualitative analysis research into the interactions between mothers with postpartum depression and their infants.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.223-233
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• 2005

As woman receive many stress during pregnancy and delivery, they happen to contract to psychopathy like a postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a serious problem if they are not treated early enough the unhappy seriousness can be resulted. A 32-yeared-old female patient with postpartum depression was taken to Dongshin University oriental medical hospital on April, 28, 2003. We diagnosed this patient as postpartum depression, which originated from and efficiency of vital energy and blood. We treated this postpartum depression patient with herb medicine(Cami-Boheo-tang),acupuncture, moxibustion, and psychical therapy. After the oriental medical treatments, the patient was improved in all complains of the postpartum disease. After this, further study and approach will be needed about the disease of the postpartum depression.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 1997

We experienced a case of 51-year-old female patient who showed symptoms of persecutory delusion, auditory hallucination and hallucinatory behavior, severe insomnia, psychomotor retardation and social withdrawal, along with some clinical signs of the deficiency of various hormones those gradually progressed after massive postpartum vaginal bleeding 13 years ago. She was admitted to a psychiatric ward under the impression of psychotic depression. However careful history taking and evaluation of clinical feature gave rise to the possibility of underlying medical condition. Laboratory work-up revealed panhypopituitarism, hypoglycemia and hyponatremia. After replacement of thyroid hormone and cortisol for 1 week, her clinical symptoms including psychiatric symptoms were improved. Taken together, these findings were compatible with the diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome. On reporting this case, we would like to emphasize again the importance of differential diagnosis of medical problems causing psychiatric symptoms those are easily neglected in the clinical approach toward psychiatric patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.123-125
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• 2021

Pregnant women's psychological health affects the health of the fetus. Therefore, health care for pregnant women is essential for a healthy fetus. One of the symptoms of pregnancy among many pregnant women is the depression of emotional ups and downs. One way to relieve this depression is to use light therapy and color therapy by using lighting. Adjust the color temperature of the light so that it affects the emotions through color. For example, ceiling lights in car dealerships are set up like a sun-light, or low color temperature are used to create a comfortable mood in facilities like spas. In this paper, we use image sensors to identify the psychological state and change the color temperature of the lighting in real time. The study was conducted to relieve postpartum depression by using the psychological effects of pregnant women with easily purchased lighting devices.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to help the development of qualitative research in the field of Korean medicine and policy support for postpartum depression. Methods: Qualitative studies related to postpartum depression retrieved from five databases were evaluated independently by two researchers using the integrated criterion, Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). In addition, each subject of study was qualitatively synthesized. Results: A total of 1,374 papers were searched and 13 papers were finally selected. The results of the study using COREQ lacked information about the researchers. The results of the study were integrated into three themes: "Feeling Failure", "Struggling for self-identity and role of mother" and "Seeing Help and Recovery". Conclusions: Postpartum depression can be accessed through various methods such as Korean medicine counseling, acupuncture and herbal medicine, and further research and manual preparation is required.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.172-188
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• 2009

Purpose: For mothers just delivered of a child, sanhupung(産後風) is a critical disease which can threaten their health. The symptoms of sanhupung were diverse and divided into pain symptoms, general symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We tried to search for the relationship between sanhupung and somatization of postpartum depression. Methods: Analysis was carried out with materials concerning the postpartum depression and sanhupung. For the analysis, materials related with the issue of this study were searched at the Korea Education & Research Information Service, and Oriental medicine advanced searching. Results: 1. The range of period and symptoms of sanhupung has been broaden. The symptoms of sanhupung were divided into pain syndrome, general symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. 2. As the symptoms of postpartum depression might indicate not only physical symptoms but also mental disorder, more attention should be placed on wether the symptoms were involved in somatization of postpartum depression. Conclusion: The authors conclude that obstinate sanhupung that do not healed up and improve in symptoms have a relation to somatization of postpartum depression.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

Postpartum depression is a kind of serious problem which influences on the postpartum woman, her family and infant. It has been known to be caused by many factors and some depression scales have been used to assess the degree of postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS) is simple and efficient method. Because of the difficulty of diagnosis and valuation on the postpartum depression, there has been a few case report on oriental medical treatment. I report one postpartum depression case which was valuated by EPDS and had objective evidence. In this case herbal treatment and acupuncture was efficacious on the postpartum depression. I think, though six month has passed from parturition, there need to be treated after parturition weakness and deficiency point of view.